TEST 9

SECTION A
Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to a talk about top five artificial intelligence colleges.
What does the speaker say about each college? Choose five answer from the box and
write the correct letter, A-J, in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.

A. provides learners with multifarious courses and research prospects in its lab.
B. first began its research into artificial intelligence around six decades ago.
C. offers prominent graduates with enormous career opportunities right at home in
South California.
D. had its first artificial intelligence research center established in 2015.
E. reigns supreme among all artificial intelligence colleges in the US and worldwide.
F. has become an obvious option for those who desire to pursue a career in AI.
G. includes more than two dozen faculty members and over a hundred
graduate students.
H. embraces a comprehensive programme which goes beyond technical aspects.
I. is making waves in all technological disciplines.
J. makes a name for itself as the most prominent lab worldwide.

Colleges
1. Harvard University
2. University of California, Berkeley
3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
4. Stanford University
5. Carnegie Mellon University

Your answers
1.C 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.C

Part 2. For questions 6-10, listen to a talk about populism and answer the questions.
Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in
the corresponding numbered boxes provided.

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6. How is the term “populist” generally perceived to be? A pejorative term

7. Besides superior individuals or groups in society, what do populists appeal the masses
to attack on? Bread and circuses
8. What is required in the process of the formulation and administration of public policy
in a democratic society?
9. Instead of using evidence and argument, what do populists revel in? stirring heart with
rhetoric
10. In what way can populism become a real menace to society? Morph into
authoritarianism

Your answers
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3. For questions 11-15, listen to a radio interview in which a choreographer, Alice
Reynolds, discusses a dance programme and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which
fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding
numbered boxes provided.

11. How is the programme designed to help youngsters?

A by getting them to talk about their feelings
B by encouraging them to loosen up
C by enabling them to convey their thoughts.
Dby giving them a way to entertain themselves

12. When talking about the nature of communication, Alice reveals

that A teenagers are quick to react to a number of emotions.
B people who learn to show how they feel can articulate better.
C shy youngsters find the programme more useful than others.
D young people have a lot of pent up negative emotions.

13. What aspect of the programme encourages teenagers to face their troubles?
A the social side of dance
B the freedom of the movement
C the obligation to interact
D the release of feelings

14. Alice contrasts professional and amateur dancers in order to

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A highlight the usefulness of the programme.

B emphasise the use of emotions in dance.
C illustrate the difference between teaching styles.
D explain the ability to recognise feelings.

15. What point does Alice make about the study into a person’s personality?
A It found that certain types of people dance better than others.
B Personality has a bearing on people’s willingness to participate.
C Who people are can be recognised through their movements.
D It revealed that most people try to hide their true nature.

Your answers
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Part 4. For questions 16-25, listen to a talk about how curry from India conquered
Britain and supply the blanks with the missing information. Write NO MORE THAN
FOUR WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the space provided.

Curry is the anglicized version of the Tamil word Kari, meaning a spiced sauce and was
commonly used to describe any 16 stew-like food originating from the Indian
subcontinent.

Although the first 17 definite mention of curry was in 1598, it was not until
th
mid-18 century that the first known curry recipe was published in Britain.
The first Indian restaurant in Britain, albeit 18 short-lived served a wide
range of dishes.

Chicken curry, which used an elderly fowl, then entered the 19 mainstream repertoire

At the early stage, the British curry stuck to Indian spices, blending meaty stews with a
variety of ingredients but, nonetheless, without 20 ginger and galangal
th
In the 19 century, however, the British curry started to distance from the original recipe,
with mango being replaced by 21 pickled cucumbers and ready-made spice
mixed with 22 galone

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Curry only boomed after the second World War when the 23.______________________
resulted in mass migration to Britain.

In the 1970s, the dish was both 24.______________________, and catered to the tastes
of British people.

In 2001, British Foreign Secretary Robin Cook 25.______________________ that

chicken tikka masala, an Indian dish, was a true British national dish.
SECTION B

I. WORD CHOICE:
1. Call in and see our _______ of spring fashions today.
A. selection B. election C. production D. reputation
2. If you carry too much luggage, the airline will charge an _______ baggage fee.
A. extra B. additional C. excess D. over
3. Modern farm animals are the result of centuries of selective _______ A. reproduction
B. cultivation C. mating D. breeding
4. One of the tigers has got _______. Warn everyone of the danger.
A. loose B. lost C. loosened D. escaped
5. The city was under _______for six months before it finally fell.
A. siege B. cordon C. blockade D. closure
6. Digitally _______ messages can be delivered via cable direct into our homes
A. deciphered B. dialed C. numbered D. encoded
7. The police said there was no sign of a _______ entry even though the house had been burgled.
A. broken B. burst C. forced D. smashed
8. The detective stood _______behind the door waiting for the assailant.
A. immovable B. motionless C. lifeless D. static
9. The children can get to school ten minute earlier if they take a short _______ through the park.
A. link B. cut C. pass D. path
10. As she didn’t understand the teacher’s question, she merely gave him a _______ look.
A. clear B. dim C. blank D. hopeless
COLLOCATIONS AND IDIOMS:
1. Turn off this machine, please. The harsh sound really _______me crazy.
A. takes B. worries C. drives D. bothers
2. Let me stay at home this morning, please. I'm feeling rather under the _______, so I
won't be of great use in the office.
A. cloud B. control C. pressure D. weather
3. Don't get so nervous about his coming late. When you get to know him better, you'll
learn to take it _______.
A. easy B. loose C. nice D. fine
4. I'm going for a walk in the park. Would you like to_______ me company?
A. follow B. stay C. ward D. keep
5. The police arrived within minutes at the_______of the crime.
A. spot B. area C. scene D. place
6. Would you_______a blind eye if you saw a crime being committed?
A. close B. turn C. show D. wink
7. I _______ asleep when you called - I didn't hear the phone.
A. must have B. must have been C. need have been D. should have been
8. You are not allowed to drive _______ the influence _______ alcohol.
A. under/of B. in/of C. under/by D. by/in
9. The staff can’t take leaves at the same time. They have to take holidays _______ rotation.
A. on B. under C. by D. in
 10. The interviewees are supposed to give their answers to the job offers _______
A. on the spot B. all in all C. beyond the joke D. with in reach

READING: Read the following passages and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions:
PASSAGE 1:
The air above our head is becoming cleaner. A breath of fresh air has been running right round
the planet for the past five years. The planet is apparently purging itself of pollution. Paul Novell of the
University of Colorado, the co-author of a report on this phenomenon says. “ It seems as if the planet’s
own cleansing service has suddenly got a new lease of life. Suddenly, there are a lot of changes going
on up there.”
Estimates of the death toll from urban smog have been steadily rising, so the new cleaner trend
could have significant consequences for life expectancy in cities as well as for the planet itself. The
sudden and unexpected reversal decades of worsening pollution extends from the air in city streets to
the remotest mid-Pacific Ocean and Antarctica.
Among the pollutants which have begun to disappear from the atmosphere are carbon dioxide,
from car exhausts and burning rain forests, and methane from the guts of cattle, paddy fields, and gas
fields. Even carbon dioxide, the main gas behind global warming, has fallen slightly.
They are two theories about why pollution is disappearing. First that there is less pollution to
start with due to laws to cut down urban smog and acid rain starting to have a global impact. Second,
that the planet may be becoming more efficient at cleaning up.
The main planetary clean-up agent is a chemical called hydroxyl. It is present throughout the
atmosphere in tiny quantities and removes most pollutants from the air by oxidizing them. The amount
of hydroxyl in the air had fallen by a quarter in the 1980s. Now, it may be revising for two reasons:
ironically, because the ozone hole has expanded, letting in more ultraviolet radiation into the lower
atmosphere, where it manufactures hydroxyl. Then the stricter controls on vehicle exhausts in America
and Europe may have cut global carbon monoxide emissions, thereby allowing more hydroxyl to clean
up other pollutants.
1. Which word in the first paragraph means ridding?
A. running B. becoming C. going on D. purging
2. The word “toll” in paragraph 2 means ______.
A. damage B. loss C. count D. quantity
3. It is mentioned that life expectancy partly depends on ______.
A. people having improvement in atmospheric conditions
B. how much people know about atmospheric pollution
C. when people have changed their lifestyle
D. what people can get from university research
4. What are the pollutants disappearing from the atmosphere?
A. Carbon monoxide and car exhausts.
B. Dangerous kinds of smoke from burning rain forests.
C. Methane from paddy fields and poisonous gases from gas fields.
D. Carbon from car exhausts and burning rain forests and methane from paddy fields, gas fields … etc.
5. According to the passage, what is the main cause of pollution reduction?
A. A reduction of cattle and gas fields. B. A limitation of chemicals.
C. A smaller number of cars. D. Less impact from burning forests.
6. The word “It” in paragraph 5 refers to ______.
A. car exhaust B. acid rain C. a clear-up agent D. global carbon
7. The word “revising” in paragraph 5 means ______.
A. reproducing B. repeating C. refreshing D. reappearing
8. Which of the following sentences is NOT correct?
A. Ultraviolet radiation increases production of hydroxyl.
B. There is a difficulty in destroying carbon dioxide by hydroxyl.
C. The reduction in the ozone layer is beneficial to hydroxyl.
D. Oxidization of pollutants is carried out by hydroxyl.
9. It can be inferred that the cleaning of the planet is ______.
A. surprising B. confusing C. practical D. reasonable
10. What is the topic of the passage?
A. The changes of the Earth’s climate.
B. The oxygenation of the atmosphere.
C. The decreasing pollution of the atmosphere.
D. Hydroxyl’s influence on the atmosphere.
PASSAGE 2:
Today’s cars are smaller, safer, cleaner, and more economical than their predecessors, but the car
of the future will be far more pollution-free than those on the road today. Several new types of
automobile engines have already been developed than run on alternative sources of power, such as
electricity, compressed natural gas, methanol, steam, hydrogen, and propane. Electricity, however, is
the only zero-emission option presently available.
Although electric vehicles will not be truly practical until a powerful, compact battery or other
dependable source of current is available, transport experts foresee a new assortment of electric
vehicles entering everyday life: shorter-range commuter electric cars, three-wheeled neighborhood
cars, electric delivery vans, bikes and trolleys.
As automakers work to develop practical electrical vehicles, urban planners and utility engineers
are focusing on infrastructure systems to support and make the best use of the new cars. Public
charging facilities will need to be as common as today’s gas stations. Public parking spots on the
street or in commercial lots will need to be equipped with devices that allow drivers to charge their
batteries while they stop, dine, or attend a concert. To encourage the use of electric vehicles, the most
convenient parking in transportation centers might be reserved for electric cars.
Planners foresee electric shuttle buses, trains, buses and neighborhood vehicles all meeting at
transit centers that would have facilities for charging and renting. Commuters will be able to rent a
variety of electric cars to suit their needs: light trucks, one-person three-wheelers, small cars, or
electric/gasoline hybrid cars for longer trips, which will no doubt take place on automated freeways
capable of handling five times the number of vehicles that can be carried by freeway today.
1. The following electrical vehicles are all mentioned in the passage EXCEPT
A. vans B. trains C. planes D. trolleys
2. The author’s purpose in the passage is to
A. criticize conventional vehicles
B. support the invention of electric cars
C. narrate a story about alternative energy vehicles
D. describe the possibilities for transportation in the future
3. The passage would most likely be followed by details about
A. automated freeways B. pollution restrictions in the future
C. the neighborhood of the future D. electric shuttle buses
4. The word “compact” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. long-range B. inexpensive C. concentrated D. squared
5. In the second paragraph, the author implies that
A. a dependable source of electric energy will eventually be developed.
B. everyday life will stay much the same in the future.
C. a single electric vehicle will eventually replace several modes of transportation
D. electric vehicles are not practical for the future
6. According to the passage, public parking lots of the future will be
A. more convenient than they are today B. equipped with charging devices
C. much larger than they are today D. as common as today’s gas stations
7. The word “charging” in this passage refers to
A. electricity B. credit cards C. aggression D. lightning
8. The word “foresee” in this passage could best be replaced with
A. count on B. invent C. imagine D. rely on
9. The word “commuters” in paragraph 4 refers to
A. daily travelers B. visitors C. cab drivers D. shoppers
10. The word “hybrid” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. combination B. hazardous C. futuristic D. automated

READING: Read the following passages and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct
answer to each of the questions:
PASSAGE 1:
The air above our head is becoming cleaner. A breath of fresh air has been running right round
the planet for the past five years. The planet is apparently purging itself of pollution. Paul Novell of the
University of Colorado, the co-author of a report on this phenomenon says. “ It seems as if the planet’s
own cleansing service has suddenly got a new lease of life. Suddenly, there are a lot of changes going
on up there.”
Estimates of the death toll from urban smog have been steadily rising, so the new cleaner trend
could have significant consequences for life expectancy in cities as well as for the planet itself. The
sudden and unexpected reversal decades of worsening pollution extends from the air in city streets to
the remotest mid-Pacific Ocean and Antarctica.
Among the pollutants which have begun to disappear from the atmosphere are carbon dioxide,
from car exhausts and burning rain forests, and methane from the guts of cattle, paddy fields, and gas
fields. Even carbon dioxide, the main gas behind global warming, has fallen slightly.
They are two theories about why pollution is disappearing. First that there is less pollution to
start with due to laws to cut down urban smog and acid rain starting to have a global impact. Second,
that the planet may be becoming more efficient at cleaning up.
The main planetary clean-up agent is a chemical called hydroxyl. It is present throughout the
atmosphere in tiny quantities and removes most pollutants from the air by oxidizing them. The amount
of hydroxyl in the air had fallen by a quarter in the 1980s. Now, it may be revising for two reasons:
ironically, because the ozone hole has expanded, letting in more ultraviolet radiation into the lower
atmosphere, where it manufactures hydroxyl. Then the stricter controls on vehicle exhausts in America
and Europe may have cut global carbon monoxide emissions, thereby allowing more hydroxyl to clean
up other pollutants.
1. Which word in the first paragraph means ridding?
A. running B. becoming C. going on D. purging
2. The word “toll” in paragraph 2 means ______.
A. damage B. loss C. count D. quantity
3. It is mentioned that life expectancy partly depends on ______.
A. people having improvement in atmospheric conditions
B. how much people know about atmospheric pollution
C. when people have changed their lifestyle
D. what people can get from university research
4. What are the pollutants disappearing from the atmosphere?
A. Carbon monoxide and car exhausts.
B. Dangerous kinds of smoke from burning rain forests.
C. Methane from paddy fields and poisonous gases from gas fields.
D. Carbon from car exhausts and burning rain forests and methane from paddy fields, gas fields … etc.
5. According to the passage, what is the main cause of pollution reduction?
A. A reduction of cattle and gas fields. B. A limitation of chemicals.
C. A smaller number of cars. D. Less impact from burning forests.
6. The word “It” in paragraph 5 refers to ______.
A. car exhaust B. acid rain C. a clear-up agent D. global carbon
7. The word “revising” in paragraph 5 means ______.
A. reproducing B. repeating C. refreshing D. reappearing
8. Which of the following sentences is NOT correct?
A. Ultraviolet radiation increases production of hydroxyl.
B. There is a difficulty in destroying carbon dioxide by hydroxyl.
C. The reduction in the ozone layer is beneficial to hydroxyl.
D. Oxidization of pollutants is carried out by hydroxyl.
9. It can be inferred that the cleaning of the planet is ______.
A. surprising B. confusing C. practical D. reasonable
10. What is the topic of the passage?
A. The changes of the Earth’s climate.
B. The oxygenation of the atmosphere.
C. The decreasing pollution of the atmosphere.
D. Hydroxyl’s influence on the atmosphere.
PASSAGE 2:
Today’s cars are smaller, safer, cleaner, and more economical than their predecessors, but the car
of the future will be far more pollution-free than those on the road today. Several new types of
automobile engines have already been developed than run on alternative sources of power, such as
electricity, compressed natural gas, methanol, steam, hydrogen, and propane. Electricity, however, is
the only zero-emission option presently available.
Although electric vehicles will not be truly practical until a powerful, compact battery or other
dependable source of current is available, transport experts foresee a new assortment of electric
vehicles entering everyday life: shorter-range commuter electric cars, three-wheeled neighborhood
cars, electric delivery vans, bikes and trolleys.
As automakers work to develop practical electrical vehicles, urban planners and utility engineers
are focusing on infrastructure systems to support and make the best use of the new cars. Public
charging facilities will need to be as common as today’s gas stations. Public parking spots on the
street or in commercial lots will need to be equipped with devices that allow drivers to charge their
batteries while they stop, dine, or attend a concert. To encourage the use of electric vehicles, the most
convenient parking in transportation centers might be reserved for electric cars.
Planners foresee electric shuttle buses, trains, buses and neighborhood vehicles all meeting at
transit centers that would have facilities for charging and renting. Commuters will be able to rent a
variety of electric cars to suit their needs: light trucks, one-person three-wheelers, small cars, or
electric/gasoline hybrid cars for longer trips, which will no doubt take place on automated freeways
capable of handling five times the number of vehicles that can be carried by freeway today.
1. The following electrical vehicles are all mentioned in the passage EXCEPT
A. vans B. trains C. planes D. trolleys
2. The author’s purpose in the passage is to
A. criticize conventional vehicles
B. support the invention of electric cars
C. narrate a story about alternative energy vehicles
D. describe the possibilities for transportation in the future
3. The passage would most likely be followed by details about
A. automated freeways B. pollution restrictions in the future
C. the neighborhood of the future D. electric shuttle buses
4. The word “compact” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. long-range B. inexpensive C. concentrated D. squared
5. In the second paragraph, the author implies that
A. a dependable source of electric energy will eventually be developed.
B. everyday life will stay much the same in the future.
C. a single electric vehicle will eventually replace several modes of transportation
D. electric vehicles are not practical for the future
6. According to the passage, public parking lots of the future will be
A. more convenient than they are today B. equipped with charging devices
C. much larger than they are today D. as common as today’s gas stations
7. The word “charging” in this passage refers to
A. electricity B. credit cards C. aggression D. lightning
8. The word “foresee” in this passage could best be replaced with
A. count on B. invent C. imagine D. rely on
9. The word “commuters” in paragraph 4 refers to
A. daily travelers B. visitors C. cab drivers D. shoppers
10. The word “hybrid” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. combination B. hazardous C. futuristic D. automated

PASSAGE 3: Choose the best to complete the passage.

I was reading an article last week in which the writer described how her children had changed
as they grew up. When they were small, she had to (1) _______ noisy games in the house or (2)
_______ interminable games of football in the garden which (3) _______. If the house went quiet, she
wondered what the monsters were getting up to or what crisis she had to (4) _______ next.
She dreaded the fact that they might (5) _______ her husband, who admitted having been an
uncontrollable child who spent most of the time (6) _______- to his friends by breaking things or
getting into fights. What was worse was that everyone else thought he was a sweet child and he (7)
_______ the most terrible things!
However, she had experienced an even greater shock with her children. They had grown out of all
their naughty behavior and (8) _______ serious hobbies such as chess and playing the piano. They
never did anything without (9) _______ and coming to a serious decision. She had to (10) _______ the
fact that they made her feel rather childish and they got older and that in some ways she preferred them
when they were young and noisy!
1. A. take into B. put down to C. put away D. put up with
2. A. got onto B. took in C. made up D. took part in
3. A. set her up B. worn her out C. tore her away D. turned her out
4. A. get in B. look at C. deal with D. take on
5. A. look after B. see after C. take after D. look for
6. A. saying for B. showing off C. bursting to D. bushing around
7. A. involved in B. yielded with C. made room for D. threw away with
8. A. taken in B. taken up C. taken place D. joined into
9. A. talking about B. saying it into C. thinking it over D. talking into it
10. A. face up to B. come across C. come up with D. get along with

PASSAGE 4: Choose the best to complete the passage.

Any change in one part of an ecosystem can cause changes in other parts. Droughts, storms and
fires can change ecosystems. Some changes ___1___ ecosystems. If there is too ___2___ rainfall,
plants will not have enough water to live. If a kind of plant dies off, the animals that ___3___ it may
also die or move away. Some changes are good for ecosystems. Some pine forests need ___4___ for
the pine trees to reproduce. The seeds are sealed inside pinecones. Heat from a forest fire melts the seal
and lets the seeds___5___. Polluting the air, soil, and water can harm ecosystems. Building ___6___
on rivers for electric power and irrigation can harm ecosystems ___7___ the rivers. Bulldozing
wetlands and cutting down ___8___ destroy ecosystems. Ecologists are working with companies and
governments to find better ways of ___9___ fish, cutting down trees, and building dams. They are
looking for ways to get food, lumber, and other products for people ___10___ causing harm to
ecosystems.
1. A harms B. harmful C. harmless D. harm
2. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
3. A. fed B. feed C. feed on D. food
4. A. flame B. fires C. blaze D. burning
5. A. out B. in C. go D. fly
6. A. moats B. ditches C. bridges D. dams
7. A. on B. around C. over D. under
8. A. hills B. jungles C. forests D. woods
9. A. catching B. holding C. carrying D. taking
10. A. avoid B. without C. not D. no

B. PHẦN TỰ LUẬN
I. READING
Cloze Test 1: Fill in each numbered blank with ONE appropriate word:
In many countries of Europe, there has been a steady drift of people away from villages to large
cities. These people, many of whom have grown in great poverty and deprivation, hope to improve
their standard of (1) living and see the metropolis as the solution to all their problems. In many ways,
they find what they are looking for. Large cities do offer a huge number of facilities, (2) among which
better education, better health care and improved housing are perhaps the most important. Large
companies and factories , the vast (3) majority of which pride themselves on looking after the interests
of their employees, also open up any (4) number of career opportunities for those willing to work hard.
Inevitably, however, (5) there comes a time when people begin to long for the simplicity of the village
or small town.
Traffic problems and pollution, both of which affect most large cities today, cause the most
unhappiness. For people to whom fresh air, unpolluted water and beautiful countryside are distant-(6)
but nonetheless painful clear-memories of a previous, peaceful life in a village, the situation must at
(7) least be unbearable. The pressure of overpopulation has meant that, in the last thirty or forty years,
thousands (8) upon Thousands of new flats have been built, often with (9) no regard to architectural
beauty and the surrounding countryside has all (10) been disappeared in many cases. It is no longer
such an easy matter to escape the noise and the turmoil of the streets and find a field or a forest where
the children can play in safety.

Cloze Test 2: Fill in each numbered blank with ONE appropriate word:

THE MUSEUM OF CHILDHOOD

There are 4,000 toys in London’s Museum of (1) Childhood but it is not essential to be a child
to enjoy it. Most of the older toys were meant to be played with by adults.
All the toys (2) live in a beautiful glass - top building in the East End of London – but it
wasn’t built for them. It was opened in 1872 and displayed art, shoe – making and furniture (3)
collections It wasn’t until 1974, when the children’s section had grown enormously, that the whole
building was officially devoted to the history of childhood.
Once upon a time every toy was (4) home-made although by the late 1900s a huge toy industry
had developed. Many home-made toys were made of metal and wood and a few of these have (5)
lasted well enough for the museum to display. It even has one of the oldest dolls’ houses still in (6)
existence made in 1673. There is something for everyone, including the 18th century toy theatre and
the miniature Chinese gardens, (7) containing tiny animals. Whichever is your favourite, each exhibit
enables you to catch a (8) sight of the people and world it was made for.
The 35 or (9) more workers at the museum take great care to make sure that all of the exhibits
are preserved in good working order. And as for 500 new toys that move in every year from all over
the world – nobody has ever heard a (10) single one complaining.

Read the passage and do the tasks that follow. (20 points)
A HISTORY OF FINGERPRINTING
A To detectives, the answers lie at the end of our fingers. Fingerprinting offers an accurate
and infallible means of personal identification. The ability to identify a person from a mere
fingerprint is a powerful tool in the fight against crime. It is the most commonly used forensic
evidence, often outperforming other methods of identification. These days, older methods of
ink fingerprinting, which could take weeks, have given way to newer, faster techniques like
fingerprint laser scanning, but the principles stay the same. No matter which way you collect
fingerprint evidence, every single person's print is unique. So, what makes our fingerprints
different from our neighbor’s?

B A good place to start is to understand what fingerprints are and how they are created. A
fingerprint is the arrangement of skin ridges and furrows on the tips of the fingers. This ridged
skin develops fully during foetal development, as the skin cells grow in the mother's womb.
These ridges are arranged into patterns and remain the same throughout the course of a
person's life. Other visible human characteristics, like weight and height, change over time
whereas fingerprints do not. The reason why every fingerprint is unique is that when a baby's
genes combine with environmental influences, such as temperature, it affects the way the
ridges on the skin grow. It makes the ridges develop at different rates, buckling and bending
into patterns. As a result, no two people end up having the same fingerprints. Even identical
twins possess dissimilar fingerprints.
C It is not easy to map the journey of how the unique quality of the fingerprint came to be
discovered. The moment in history it happened is not entirely clear. However, the use of
fingerprinting can be traced back to some ancient civilizations, such as Babylon and China,
where thumbprints were pressed onto clay tablets to confirm business transactions. Whether
people at this time actually realized the full extent of how fingerprints were important for
identification purposes is another matter altogether. One cannot be sure if the act was seen as a
means to confirm identity or a symbolic gesture to bind a contract, where giving your
fingerprint was like giving your word.

D Despite this uncertainty, there are those who made a significant contribution towards the
analysis of fingerprinting. History tells us that a 14th century Persian doctor made an early
statement that no two fingerprints are alike. Later, in the 17th century, Italian physician
Marcello Malpighi studied the distinguishing shapes of loops and spirals in fingerprints. In his
honour, the medical world later named a layer of skin after him. It was, however, an employee
for the East India Company, William Herschel, who came to see the true potential of
fingerprinting. He took fingerprints from the local people as a form of signature for contracts,
in order to avoid fraud. His fascination with fingerprints propelled him to study them for the
next twenty years. He developed the theory that fingerprints were unique to an individual and
did not change at all over a lifetime. In 1880 Henry Faulds suggested that fingerprints could be
used to identify convicted criminals. He wrote to Charles Darwin for advice, and the idea was
referred on to Darwin's cousin, Sir Francis Galton. Galton eventually published an in-depth
study of fingerprint science in 1892.

E Although the fact that each person has a totally unique fingerprint pattern had been well
documented and accepted for a long time, this knowledge was not exploited for criminal
identification until the early 20th century. In the past, branding, tattooing and maiming had
been used to mark the criminal for what he was. In some countries, thieves would have their
hands cut off. France branded criminals with the fleur-de-lis symbol. The Romans tattooed
mercenary soldiers to stop them from becoming deserters.

F For many years police agencies in the Western world were reluctant to use fingerprinting,
much preferring the popular method of the time, the Bertillon System, where dimensions of
certain body parts were recorded to identify a criminal. The turning point was in 1903 when a
prisoner by the name of Will West was admitted into Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary.
Amazingly, Will had almost the same Bertillon measurements as another prisoner residing at
the very same prison, whose name happened to be William West. It was only their fingerprints
that could tell them apart. From that point on, fingerprinting became the standard for criminal
identification.
Questions 1-5
The Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A-F
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings below.(10 points)
List of Headings
i Key people that made a difference
ii An alternative to fingerprinting
iii The significance of prints
iv How to identify a criminal
v Patterns in the making
vi Family connections
vii Exciting new developments
viii A strange coincidence
ix Punishing a criminal
x An uncertain past

0. Paragraph A ____ iii____

1. Paragraph B
2. Paragraph C
3. Paragraph D
4. Paragraph E
5. Paragraph F

Your answers:
1.v 2.x 3.i 4.iv 5.viii
 
Questions 6-10

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading passage?(10
points)
Write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

6. Fingerprinting is the only effective method for identifying criminals.

7. The ridges and patterns that make up fingerprints develop before birth.
8. Malpighi conducted his studies in Italy.
9. Roman soldiers were tattooed to prevent them from committing violent crimes.
10. Fingerprint chemistry can identify if a fingerprint belongs to an elderly person
Your answers:
6.F 7.T 8.NG 9.F 10.T
 
II. WORD FORMS
1. Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words given
1. There is little hope that Maurice’s behavior will ever improve. It will probably remain so
(CORRECT) correctional till he grows up.
2. In my opinion, this book is nothing more than (INTELLECT) pseudo-intellectual rubbish.
3. Increasing import tax is believed to be (PRODUCE) unproductive as it would give rise to
smuggling.
4. My friends started going out late to night clubs, so I decided to (SOCIAL) dissociate myself from
the group.
5. New immigrants have been successfully (SIMILAR) similarize into the community
6. She looked absolutely (DUMB) Dumbfounded when I told her what had happened. She could
hardly say a word.
7. “What if” questions involving (FACT) counterfactuals are familiar to historical speculations.
8. The Ministry of Education and Training decided to organize a(an) (COLLEGE) intercollegiate
football championship to create a common playground for all students.
9. Since most important problems are (FACET) facetious there are several alternatives to choose from,
each with unique advantages and disadvantages.
10. We should arrive two days early in order to (CLIMATE) acclimatize

Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of the lines to form a word that fits in
the space in the same line. (10points)
Wheeled trolley bags have become an essential item of luggage amongst
frequent travellers. The compact version proves particularly (1) useful as
a piece of hand luggage. Carried onboard aeroplanes, it allows you to USE
avoid the queues at the baggage check-in counters on your (2) outward
journey and waiting at the baggage (3) reclaim carousel on your way OUT
home. These days, there are (4) official guidelines regarding the CLAIM
maximum size for hand luggage on flights, and these stipulated (5) OFFICE
measurements are continuously subject to change, Policies also vary MEASURE
between airlines and airports as well as being influenced by your (6)
eventual destination. The outcome of all this is that travellers are EVENT
recommended to check out the latest luggage (7) restrictions before
setting out for the airport. RESTICT
What’s more, before investing in a trolley bag, it’s wise to run a few
check. You’re likely to be negotiating (8) uneven surfaces as well as the EVEN
smooth flooring of airport lounges, so bear in mind that larger wheels are
better able to absorb bumps than their smaller (9) counterparts. Also COUNTER
check then handle. You’re bound to need to lift your bag at some point in
your journey, probably when you are suddenly confronted with an (10)
inconvenient flight of steps, and that’s not the moment to discover that CONVINIENT
the handle is awkward to hold.

WRITING (60points)
I. Read the following passage and summarize it in about 100 words. (10 points)

The new music

The new music was built out of materials already in existence: blues, rock’n’roll, folk music. But
although the forms remained, something wholly new and original was made out of these older
elements more original, perhaps, than even the new musicians themselves yet realize. The
transformation took place in 1966-7. Up to that time, the blues had been an essentially black medium.
Rock’n’roll, a blues derivative, was rhythmic, raunchy, teen-age dance music. Folk music, old and
modern, was popular among college students. The three forms remained musically and culturally
distinct, and even as late as 1965. In 1966-7 there was a spontaneous transformation. In the United
States, it originated with youthful rock groups playing in San Francisco. In England, it was led by the
Beatles, who were already established as an extremely fine and highly individual rock group. What
happened, as well as it can be put into words, was this.
First, the separate musical traditions were brought together. Bob Dylan and the Jefferson Airplane
played folk rock, folk ideas with a rock beat. White rock groups began experimenting with the blues.
And all of the groups moved towards a broader eclecticism and synthesis. They freely took over
elements from Indian ragas, from jazz, from American country music, and as time went on from even
more diverse sources (one group seems recently to have been trying out Gregorian chants). What
developed was a protean music.
The second thing that happened was that all the musical groups began using the full range of electric
instruments and the technology of electronic amplifiers. The tangy electric guitar was an old country-
western standby, but the new electronic effects were altogether different - so different that a new
listener in 1967 might well feel that there had never been any sounds like that in the world before. In
studio recordings, multiple tracking, feedback and other devices made possible effects that not even an
electronic band could produce live. Electronic amplification also made possible a fantastic increase in
volume, the music becoming as loud and penetrating as the human ear could stand, and thereby
achieving a ‘total’ effect, so that instead fan audience of passive listeners, there were now audiences of
total participants, feeling the music in all of their senses and all of their bones.
Third, the music becomes a multi-media experience; a part of a total environment. In the Bay Area
ballrooms, the Fillmore, the Avalon, or Pauley Ballroom at the University of California, the walls were
covered with fantastic changing patterns of light, the beginning of the new art of the light show. And
the audience did not sit, it danced. With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as
best they could, and heightened the whole experience by using drugs. Often music was played out of
doors, where nature - the sea or tall redwoods - provided the environment. (From The Greening of
America by Charles Reich)

II. (20 points)

The pie charts below give information main reason for migration to and from the UK in 2007.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where
relevant.

The given pie charts indicate the percentage of various causes that contributed in immigration as well
as emigration of people in year 2007 in U.K.

Overall, definite job and formal study were the main reasons for immigration, while definite job and
looking for work were the main reasons for emigration.
For definite job reason over half of the individuals relocated, resulting in 30% immigration and 29%
emigration. 12% of people came to Britain to seek for jobs, whereas 22% left the UK for similar
reasons. The figure among U.K. immigrants and immigrants who went accompanying someone was 15
percent, respectively, and 13 percent.

In addition, almost one quarter of the people migrated to Britain to attend formal education, whereas
just 4% left Britain for education. However, 32% of persons provided no other reason to leave United
Kingdom and that number leads to 17% immigration for reasons.

III. Write an essay of about 250 words on the following topic. (30 points)
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? High school students should be allowed to
study several selective courses. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

The issue of allowing students to study the courses students are available for debate at a high school.
This is the right way to discuss. Some feel that high school students should have the right to study their
favorite courses. However, other individuals believe that young kids can't know what they enjoy and
what they need to know at age. In this article, I analyze these issues and advocate those who feel that
some courses have to be studied by students.

First, some high school students have developed sufficiently to pick and master their own intriguing
topic to construct a dream job. But some pupils are untimely in deciding what they want to accomplish
and what topic is more intriguing for them. If students have the opportunity to pick on their studies, in
many situations they are more likely to choose an easy subject in order to avoid being tough to learn.
For example, if a student discovers a tough topic in mathematics and has the right to choose any other
subject which he is interested in, such as music or dance. And at the end of the day he will choose
music or dance to obtain good qualifications.

In addition to the restriction of information, many students don't know and don't know what to do in
future. This is something we need to consider seriously. These pupils cannot think for themselves if we
don't have guidance for them and miss a fantastic time. In the future this will lead to a lot of issues. My
buddy Anna, for instance, recently found out that when she was in 12, she would like to be an
accountant and hadn't before enrolled any mathematics class. All universities, unfortunately, require
the faculty of accounting for mathematics. She cannot thus go to university or must study at the faculty
she didn't find out of.

In conclusion, it's too soon to let kids choose their fields of interest. To find their secret passion and
talent, students should explore many disciplines. Financial constraints for schools also have to be taken
into account. The Department of Education is most experienced in deciding courses on behalf of the
students.