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Elementary Properties of Group

This document summarizes some elementary properties of non-abelian groups. It outlines three key axioms for groups: associativity of operation, existence of an identity element, and existence of inverses. It also proves the uniqueness of the identity element and inverses, as well as the cancellation law and "socks-shoes" property regarding inverses of products.

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516 views2 pages

Elementary Properties of Group

This document summarizes some elementary properties of non-abelian groups. It outlines three key axioms for groups: associativity of operation, existence of an identity element, and existence of inverses. It also proves the uniqueness of the identity element and inverses, as well as the cancellation law and "socks-shoes" property regarding inverses of products.

Uploaded by

Meriam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Elementary Properties of Group

◦ The simplest principles that a group have.


◦ It is only applicable to Non-Abelian Group
◦ Three axioms for groups to consider.
◦ Associativity of Operation
◦ Existence of Identity in the group
◦ Existence of Inverse in the group

Elementary Properties of Group


◦ Uniqueness of identity - identity element of a group is unique. We can say that there is only one
identity element.
Proof:
Suppose e and e’ are identity elements of G.
Prove e = e’

e∗e' =e' because e is the identity


e∗e' =e because e’ is the identity
e=e '

◦ Uniqueness of inverse identity - The element of a group has exactly one and only one inverse.
For each element of a in a group G, there is a unique inverse of a in G
Proof:
Suppose a’ and a’’ are inverse of a in G. Prove a’ = a’’

a ' =a'∗e
a’¿ a' ∗( a∗a' ' )
a ' =( a'∗a )∗a' '
a ' =e∗a' '
a ' =a' '

◦ Cancellation law – There are only two possible ways to cancel a given a element. The left and right
cancellation law.
◦ If G is a group and a, b, c are elements of G, then
(i) a*b = a*c implies b = c
a−1∗( a∗b )=a−1∗( a∗c )
( a−1∗a )∗b=( a−1∗a )∗c
e∗b=e∗c
b=c

(ii) b*a = c*a implies b = c


( b∗a )∗a−1=( c∗a )∗a−1
b∗( a∗a−1 )=c∗(a∗a−1)
b∗e=c∗e
b=c

◦ Socks-Shoes property.
◦ It has two formulas
◦ The first formula tells us that the inverse of a product is the product of the inverses in
reverse order.
◦ The second one was the inverse of the inverse of an element is equal to the element itself
◦ Proof:
(i) ( a∗b )=b−1∗a−1
¿ ( a∗b ) b−1∗a−1
¿ a∗( b∗b−1 )∗a−1
¿ a∗e∗a−1
¿ a∗a−1
=e
(ii) (a¿ ¿−1)−1=a ¿

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