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Mathematical Problems On Elasticity

The document contains 6 mathematical word problems related to elasticity. The problems involve concepts like stress, strain, Hooke's law, springs, and forces. They ask the reader to calculate values like stress, strain, spring constants, changes in length or dimensions, and forces given various known values like diameters, areas, moduli, forces, and changes in length or dimensions.

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213 views7 pages

Mathematical Problems On Elasticity

The document contains 6 mathematical word problems related to elasticity. The problems involve concepts like stress, strain, Hooke's law, springs, and forces. They ask the reader to calculate values like stress, strain, spring constants, changes in length or dimensions, and forces given various known values like diameters, areas, moduli, forces, and changes in length or dimensions.

Uploaded by

Backup Account
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Mathematical problems on Elasticity

1. A nylon string has a diameter of 2 mm, pulled by a force of 100 N. Determine


the stress.

Known:

Force (F) = 100 N

Diameter (d) = 2 mm = 0.002 m

Radius (r) = 1 mm = 0.001 m

Wanted: The stress

Solution:

Area:

A = π r2

A = (3.14)(0.001 m)2 = 0.00000314 m2

A = 3.14 x 10-6 m2

The stress:

2. A cord has original length of 100 cm is pulled by a force. The change in length
of the cord is 2 mm. Determine the strain.

Known:

Original length (l0) = 100 cm = 1 m

The change in length (Δl) = 2 mm = 0.002 m

Wanted: The strain


Solution:

The strain:

3. A string 4 mm in diameter has original length 2 m. The string is pulled by a


force of 200 N. If the final length of the string is 2.02 m, determine: (a) stress (b)
strain

Known:

Diameter (d) = 4 mm = 0.004 m

Radius (r) = 2 mm = 0.002 m

Area (A) = π r2 = (3.14)(0.002 m)2

Area (A) = 0.00001256 m2 = 12.56 x 10-6 m2

Force (F) = 200 N

Original length of spring (l 0) = 2 m

The change in length (Δl) = 2.02 – 2 = 0.02 m

Wanted: (a) The stress (b) The strain

Solution:

(a) The stress

(b) The Strain


4. A string has a diameter of 1 cm and the original length of 2 m. The string is
pulled by a force of 200 N. Determine the change in length of the string! Young’s
modulus of the string = 5 x 109 N/m2

Known:

Young’s modulus (E) = 5 x 109 N/m2

Original length (l0) = 2 m

Force (F) = 200 N

Diameter (d) = 1 cm = 0.01 m

Radius (r) = 0.5 cm = 0.005 m = 5 x 10-3 m

Area (A) = π r2 = (3.14)(5 x 10-3 m)2 = (3.14)(25 x 10-6 m2)

Area (A) = 78.5 x 10-6 m2 = 7.85 x 10-5 m2

Wanted: The change in length (Δl)

Solution:

Young’s modulus formula:

The change in length:


5. A concrete bar has a height of 5 meters and has unit area of 3 m 2 supports a
mass of 30,000 kg. Determine the stress

Known:

Initial height (l0) = 5 meters

Unit area (A) = 3 m2

Weight (w) = m g = (30,000) (9.8) = 294,000 N

Wanted: (a) The stress

Solution:

(a) The stress


Try yourself:

1. 12* 10 5 N m 2 stress is produced to a fiber by applying 100 N force. Calculate its


diameter.
2. A rectangular cube of dimension 30mm*20mm*10mm is compressed with 150 N force.
Then its new dimension is 28.75mm*19.5mm*8mm. Calculate the volume strain.

3. 15 N force is applied on the upper surface of an elastic object of dimension


12cm*7cm*5cm. Thus upper surface is displaced 3 cm relative to its lower face.
Calculate the shear stress and shear strain.

Problem on Hooke’s Law

1. What is the spring constant of a spring that needs a force of 3 N to be compressed from
40 cm to 35 cm?

Solution: The spring changes from a length of 40 cm to 35 cm,

hence it stretches by 40 cm - 35 cm = 5 cm or | Δx | = 5 cm = 0.05 m.

| F | = k | Δx | = 3 N

k = | F | / |Δx| = 3 / 0.05 = 60 N / m

2. What is the magnitude of the force required to stretch two springs of constants k1 = 100
N / m and k2 = 200 N / m by 6 cm if they are in parallel?

Solution
The two springs behave like a spring with constant k given by
k = k1 + k2 = 100 N / m + 300 N / m

| F | = k | Δx | = 300 N / m × 0.06 m = 18 N

3. What is the magnitude of the force required to stretch two springs of constants 100 N / m
and 200 N / m by 6 cm if they are in series?
Solution
The two springs behave like a spring with constant k obtained by solving for k the
following
1 / k = (1 / 100) + (1 / 200)
k = 66.67 N / m

| F | = k | Δx | = 66.67 N / m × 0.06 m = 4 N

4. Spring A has the original length of 60 cm and spring B has the original length
of 90 cm. Spring A has constant 100 N/m, spring B has constant 200 N/m.
What is the ratio of the change in length of spring A to the change in length of
spring B?

Known :

Constant of spring A (kA) = 100 N/m

Constant of spring B (kB) = 200 N/m

Force on spring A (FA) = F

Force on spring B (FB) = F

Wanted: ΔlA : ΔlB

Solution:

Hooke’s law formula:

Δl = F / k

Δl = the change in length, F = force, k = constant

The change in length of spring A :

ΔlA = FA / kA = F / 100

The change in length of spring B :

ΔlB = FB / kB = F / 200

The ratio of the change in length of spring A to the change in length of spring B :

ΔlA : ΔlB

F / 100 : F / 200
1 / 100 : 1 / 200

1/1:1/2

2:1

5. A nylon string with original length 20 cm, is pulled by a force of 10 N. The change
in length of the string is 2 cm. Determine the magnitude of force if the change in
length is 6 cm.

Known :

Force (F) = 10 N

The change in length (Δl) = 2 cm = 0.02 m

Wanted : the magnitude of force (F) if Δl = 0.06 m.

Solution :

Constant :

k = F / Δl

k = 10 / 0.02 = 500 N/m

The magnitude of force (F) if Δl = 0.06 m:

F=kx

F = (500)(0.06)

F = 30 N

6. How much a spring of constant 500 N/m will expand if 300 gm mass is added?

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