IJEEMI, Vol. 2, No.

3, November 2020
DOI: 10.1234/jeeemi.v1i1.9xx ISSN: 2656-
8624

Fabrication of Portable Urine Alcohol Detector with

MQ-3 Sensor Based on Arduino Microcontroller
Henry Prasetyo*, Rinda Nur Hidayati **, Akbar Sujiwa ***, Raditya Linggar Apriyanto*
*D3 Electromedical Engineering, Politeknik Bina Trada Semarang
Jl. Sambiroto Raya No. 64, Semarang, 50276, Indonesia
**Department of Electromedical Engineering, Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta II
Jl. Hang Jembat III No. 4, Jakarta Selatan,12120, Indonesia
***Department of Electric Engineering, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana , Surabaya
Jl. Dukuh Menanggal XII, Surabaya, 60234, Indonesia

Article Info Abstract

Article History: An alcohol detector in urine is a tool that can detect alcohol in a person's urine. This tool
Received : detects Ethanol gas using the MQ-3 sensor. The MQ-3 sensor is an analog sensor that has a 5 volt
Revised : DC power supply specification. Arduino Uno as a data processor obtained from reading the MQ-3
Accepted: sensor and displayed on the LCD. This tool detects alcohol in a person's urine until it is known
whether alcohol is in the urine or not. From the design of this urine alcohol detector, the results of
the test show an increase in the ADC sensor value when the sensor detects alcohol, it is known
Keywords:
that it takes a different time for the sensor to return to the initial value of various alcohol
Alcohol, MQ-3 Sensor concentrations. In this study, it was concluded that the sensor worked well until the alcohol
Arduino Uno
concentration was 0.1%, the sensor also needed time to return to the starting point which was
Microcontroller, Urine directly proportional to the alcohol concentration examined.

Corresponding Author: This work is an open-access article and licensed under

a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
[email protected], International License (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Department of Electromedic Engineering
Politeknik Bina Trada Semarang

I. INTRODUCTION swings, high alcohol consumption causes difficulty breathing,

(1) Urine is the result of filtering blood by the kidneys and vomiting, panic attacks, unconscious, causing coma, and
excreted by the body through the urinary tract, which is one death.
part of the urinary system. Urine is excreted from the body to (3)Alcohol can be detected in the breath via a breathalyzer
remove metabolic waste and toxins from our body. The test for up to 24 hours after drinking alcohol. In urine for 3-5
remaining alcohol that has been consumed is also part of the days through an ethylgluconoride (EGT) test. Through
urine (Andrian, 2020). Based on the Regulation of the Minister traditional methods, alcohol levels will still be detected in
of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No.86/1977, alcoholic urine up to 10-12 hours after drinking alcohol. In the blood for
drinks are divided into 3 groups, namely Group A with an up to 12 hours after drinking alcohol, while in the saliva test,
alcohol content of 1% - 5%, Group B with an alcohol content alcohol levels can still be detected positive for the next 1 - 5
of 5% - 20%, and Group C with an alcohol content of 20% - days.
55%.
(4)Tes urine alkohol merupakan salah satu cara yang
(2)The effect of consuming alcohol on the body in low paling mudah dan paling murah untuk mengetahui apakah
quantities of alcohol will reduce tension, relax muscles, reduce seseorang mengomsumsi alkohol atau tidak. Dalam proses
reflexes, and also reduce reaction time and coordination, pengujian keberadaan kandungan alkohol di dalam urine
consumption of medium alcohol causes drowsiness and mood seseorang biasanya tidak bisa diketahui secara langsung, tetapi

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 IJEEMI, Vol. 2, No. 3, November 2020
DOI: 10.1234/jeeemi.v1i1.9xx ISSN: 2656-
8624

membutuhkan waktu minimal 2 jam untuk bisa mendeteksi bandpass filter, 50 Hz stop filter, and summing amplifier for
adanya alkohol. Pengukuran alkohol selama ini telah offset adjustment. A built-in analogue to digital converter
dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat pendeteksi alkohol (A/D) in Arduino NANO was used to convert the analogue
melalui bau mulut manusia yang mudah dibawa dan ECG signal into digital. The ECG recording was saved to the
dioperasikan. Namun pada kenyataannya, alat tersebut masih SD card for further data analysis. The ECG data was also can
mempunyai kelemahan yaitu hanya bisa mendeteksi adanya be delivered to the computer unit via the Bluetooth module.
alkohol pada seseorang yang baru saja mengkomsumsi
minuman beralkohol. Sedangkan alkohol yang dikomsumsi Electrode Instrumentation
beberapa menit akan masuk kedalam darah maupun akan Disposible Amplifier
terurai bersama urine.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS High Pass Filter
The research design will be described in Figure 1. The
literature study is used to learn about the method to be used in Low Pass Filter
the research on the design of an Arduino-based urine alcohol
detection system. By collecting some of the existing data in
previous research and preparing a number of components that Summing Amplifier
will be used to conduct research. The next step after the
components are prepared is to start designing the components
to be used as research and testing several objects to be tested. Start Bluetooth
After conducting the test, the next step is to take data on the
object that has been tested and make conclusions according to Arduino
Marker
the results shown in the test. Microcontroller
SD CARD
A. Experimental Setup Stop Memory
This study used ten normal subjects with the criteria the
ages ranged between 22 and 27 years old and the weight is
between 45 to 50 kg. The subjects were randomly sampled and Battery
the data collection is repeated for 5 times.
Fig. 1. The diagram block of the Holter Monitor
1) Materials and Tool
This study is used a disposable electrodes ECG (OneMed,
Jayamas Medical Industri, Indonesia). The electrodes were
attached on the right and left hand on the human.
Instrumentation amplifier was built based on TL084 OP-AMP.
The Arduino Nano microcontroller was used for ECG data
acquisition and communication to the computer unit using
Bluetooth module HC-05. SD Card Memory with a 16 Mbyte
was used to save the ECG data in the real-time. A digital
storage Oscilloscope (Textronic, DPO2012, Taiwan) was used
to test the analogue circuit. An ECG phantom (Fluke, PS320,
USA) was used to calibrate the analogue circuit.
2) Experiment
In this study, after the design was completed then the
frequency response of this device was tested using a function
generator according to the specification of the ECG signal. In
the calibration stage, the Holter ECG was tested using an ECG
simulator (phantom) with all range (30, 60, 120, 180, and 240
BPM). Each setting, the output of the Holter was calculated to
validate the result of this study. Then the Holter was tested on
the human body.
B. The Diagram Block
In this research, the ECG recording was performed based
on the placement of the three electrodes for LEAD II
combination as shown in Fig. 1. The ECG signal was then
amplified using instrumentation amplifier, filtered using a

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 IJEEMI, Vol. 2, No. 3, November 2020
DOI: 10.1234/jeeemi.v1i1.9xx ISSN: 2656-
8624

Begin shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. Figure 4 is the analog part of this
design and Figure 5 is supplementary part of this design.
Initialization On Arduino

Check the Bluetooth

No
Active?

Yes
Choose the device to connect
Fig. 4. The Holter ECG design
Sent ECG to
Ready? Yes
Computer

No

Start No

Yes

Create New File on SD Card

Run the RTC

Save ECG

End
Fig. 2. The Flowchart of the Arduino Program Fig. 5. The Digital part of the Holter ECG

C. The Flowchart 3) The Holter ECG Design

The photograph of the analogue and digital part of the Holter
The Arduino program was built based on the flowchart as
ECG was shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, respectively. The
shown in Fig. 2. After the initialization of the Arduino, the
analogue part consisted of three of TL084 (OP-AMP) which
program asks the Bluetooth whether the connection is active
each unit composed of four OP-AMP. There was also some
or not. If the Bluetooth is active, then the data was ready to
variable resistor (multiturn 10k) for gain and offset
send to the computer. The other option is the data can be
adjustment. The digital part consisted of the Arduino Nano
directly saved to the SD card memory.
microcontroller which is the main board of Holter device,
Bluetooth module which used to communicate the data
Arduino Tx Rx BT between the microcontroller and computer unit, RTC module,
HC-05 and SD card memory module in which to save the ECG data
Nano in real time.
Rx Tx
4) The Listing Program for Arduino Holter Monitor
GND GND In this paper, the software was divided into two sections
which is for Arduino and Delphi programming. The listing
program for Arduino was shown in the Pseudocode 1. Which
Fig. 3. Bluetooth Connection consisted of the program to send the data to the computer and
to save the data into the SD card memory in which it can be
III. RESULTS chosen in the initial program.
In this study, the Holter has been tested using an ECG Pseudocode: 1. Program to send the ECG data to a computer
phantom (Fluke, SP2002, USA) and ECG from the human
body. The result shows that the recording is feasible to record 1. LOOP:
the ECG signal from the human body. The proposed design is

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 IJEEMI, Vol. 2, No. 3, November 2020
DOI: 10.1234/jeeemi.v1i1.9xx ISSN: 2656-
8624

2. float sinyal2 = analogRead(A0); .

3. float tegangan = ((sinyal2/1023)*5); 33
4. IF (ref<=tegangan) THEN .
5. ref=tegangan; 34
6. ENDIF .
7. ELSE THEN 35
8. ref=ref; .
9. hold= (ref*0.7); 36
10 IF ((tegangan<=hold) && (logika_safety==0)); THEN .
. waktu_safety=waktu_safety+1; 37
11 IF (waktu_safety==500) THEN .
. waktu_safety=0; 38
12 logika_safety=1; .
13 kirim=1; 39
. ENDIF .
14 ENDIF 40
. IF ((tegangan<=hold)&&(logika_safety==1)) THEN .
15 ref=0; 41
. logika_safety=0; .
16 ENDIF 42
. IF (tegangan>hold) THEN .
17 waktu_safety=0; 43
. ENDIF .
18 44
. IF ((tegangan>hold)&&(logika_detak==0)) THEN .
19 logika_detak=1; 45
. ENDIF .
20 46
. IF((tegangan<hold)&&(logika_detak==1)) THEN .
21 digitalWrite(LED,HIGH); 47
. delay(5); .
22 digitalWrite(LED,LOW); 48
. delay(5); .
23 logika_detak=0; 49
. ENDIF .
24 ENDELSE 50
. Serial.print("a"); .
Serial.print(sinyal2,0);
25 Serial.print("b");
. IF (digitalRead(9)==LOW) THEN
26 statebutton=false; 5) ECG Holter with the input from ECG Simulator
. ENDIF
27 ELSE THEN Before the ECG Holter was tested on the human, the device
. IF (statebutton==false) THEN was calibrated using artificial ECG which generated from
Serial.print("c"); ECG Simulator. Figure 8 show the ECG signal from
28 Serial.print('1'); simulator. A plotted signal should be copy-paste from the
. Serial.print("d"); source directly, for example from Microsoft Excel. The
29 ENDIF signal plot should be copy from the source directly, for
. statebutton=true; example from Microsoft Excel. The signal plot should be
30 ENDELSE copy from the source directly, for example from Microsoft
. ENDLOOP Excel. The signal plot should be copy from the source
31 directly, for example from Microsoft Excel. The signal plot
. should be copy from the source directly, for example from
32 Microsoft Excel. The signal plot should be copy from the

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 IJEEMI, Vol. 2, No. 3, November 2020
DOI: 10.1234/jeeemi.v1i1.9xx ISSN: 2656-
8624

source directly, for example from Microsoft Excel. The signal 2 P2 0.0000
plot should be copy from the source directly, for example from
Microsoft Excel. The signal plot should be copy from the 3 P3 -0.0026
source directly, for example from Microsoft Excel. 4 P4 -0.0044
1.5
5 P5 -0.0273
1.3
1.1 6 P6 0.0084
Amplitudo (mV)

0.9 7 P7 0.0024
0.7
0.5 The measurement of BPM value in which the ECG signal is
0.3 from the human body was also compared in this study, between
0.1 the Holter design and Pulse Oximetry. The result was shown in
-0.1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Table 2.
-0.3 IV. DISCUSSION
-0.5
Discussion consist of three part, namely (1)
Time(s)
interpretation of your finding, (2) Compare your result to
others, (3) write your limitation on your research.
Discussion consist of three part, namely (1) interpretation of
your finding, (2) Compare your result to others, (3) write your
Fig. 6. The recorded ECG signal from the ECG simulator (BPM 30) limitation on your research. Discussion consist of three part,
namely (1) interpretation of your finding, (2) Compare your
result to others, (3) write your limitation on your research.
Discussion consist of three part, namely (1) interpretation of
Fig. 7. The recorded ECG signal from the ECG simulator (BPM 60)
your finding, (2) Compare your result to others, (3) write your
limitation on your research. Discussion consist of three part,
namely (1) interpretation of your finding, (2) Compare your
result to others, (3) write your limitation on your research.
Discussion consist of three part, namely (1) interpretation of
your finding, (2) Compare your result to others, (3) write your
limitation on your research. Discussion consist of three part,
namely (1) interpretation of your finding, (2) Compare your
result to others, (3) write your limitation on your research.
Fig. 8. An example of ECG recording Discussion consist of three part, namely (1) interpretation of
your finding, (2) Compare your result to others, (3) write your
6) The Error of BPM (Beats Per Minutes) value limitation on your research.
The validation of the BPM value shown in the Delphi
programming was compared with the pulse Oximetry device. The Holter design has been examined and test completely
The error was showed in Table I. in this study. Based on the measurement of the Holter output,
the resulted ECG signal when using the input from ECG
TABLE I. THE ERROR OF MEASUREMENT FOR BPM PARAMETER simulator showed the right pattern of ECG signal which
BETWEEN THE DESIGN AND CALIBRATOR. consisted of P, Q, R, S, and T waveform with the amplitude of
1 mV, for various BPM (30, 60, 120, 180 dan 240), and
BPM Error(%) sensitivity of 1mV.
30 0 By comparing the output of the Holter between the input
60 0 using ECG simulator and the human body, It was shown that
120 -0.0017 there is a different pattern on PQRST waveform. Each ECG
recording for each subject showed a different amplitude. This
is reasonable because each subject has different characteristics
of the heart. The Error of BPM between the design and
TABLE II. THE ERROR OF MEASUREMENT FOR THE BPM PARAMETER Oximetry device (with the input from ECG simulator) showed
BETWEEN THE DESIGN AND STANDARD UNIT (PULSE OXIMETRY).
the value of 0.0037±0.010. The error of BPM (from the five
subjects) is 0.00057±0.0008. This error value indicated that the
No Subject Error (%)
Holter is feasible to be used as a medical device. In order the
1 P1 -0.0024 Holter able to work in 24 hours then this design needs a battery
with high capacity.

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 IJEEMI, Vol. 2, No. 3, November 2020
DOI: 10.1234/jeeemi.v1i1.9xx ISSN: 2656-
8624

The performance of this work was also compared to other [4] D. Lucani, G. Cataldo, J. Cruz, G. Villegas, and S. Wong, “A portable
works. Carrasco found that his Holter is able to operate in 16 ECG monitoring device with Bluetooth and Holter capabilities for
telemedicine applications,” Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. -
hours without the intervention of the users [5]. Jin and Miao Proc., pp. 5244–5247, 2006.
claimed that their Holter able to work stable more than 24 [5] H. Jin and B. Miao, “Design of Holter ECG system based on MSP430
hours [4]. and USB technology,” 2007 1st Int. Conf. Bioinforma. Biomed. Eng.
ICBBE, pp. 976–979, 2007.
V. CONCLUSION [6] A. Juarez-Carrasco and J. E. Chong-Quero, “Design and development of
Conclusion consist of three things, namely (1) rewrite a holter prototype with Bluetooth transmission,” Pan Am. Heal. Care
Exch. PAHCE 2011 - Conf. Work. Exhib. Coop. / Linkages An Indep.
your purpose of study, (2) re-write your findings, and (3) Forum Patient Care Technol. Support, pp. 323–327, 2011.
write the future work of your study. Conclusion consist of [7] J. Lee, D. D. McManus, S. Merchant, and K. H. Chon, “Automatic
three things, namely (1) rewrite your purpose of study, (2) re- motion and noise artifact detection in holter ECG data using empirical
write your findings, and (3) write the future work of your mode decomposition and statistical approaches,” IEEE Trans. Biomed.
study. Conclusion consist of three things, namely (1) rewrite Eng., vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 1499–1506, 2012.
your purpose of study, (2) re-write your findings, and (3) write
the future work of your study. Conclusion consist of three
things, namely (1) rewrite your purpose of study, (2) re-write
your findings, and (3) write the future work of your study.
Conclusion consist of three things, namely (1) rewrite your
purpose of study, (2) re-write your findings, and (3) write the
future work of your study. Conclusion consist of three things,
namely (1) rewrite your purpose of study, (2) re-write your
findings, and (3) write the future work of your study.
Conclusion consist of three things, namely (1) rewrite your
purpose of study, (2) re-write your findings, and (3) write the
future work of your study. Conclusion consist of three things,
namely (1) rewrite your purpose of study, (2) re-write your
findings, and (3) write the future work of your study.
Conclusion consist of three things, namely (1) rewrite your
purpose of study, (2) re-write your findings, and (3) write the
future work of your study. Conclusion consist of three things,
namely (1) rewrite your purpose of study, (2) re-write your
findings, and (3) write the future work of your study.
Conclusion consist of three things, namely (1) rewrite your
purpose of study, (2) re-write your findings, and (3) write the
future work of your study. Conclusion consist of three things,
namely (1) rewrite your purpose of study, (2) re-write your
findings, and (3) write the future work of your study.
Conclusion consist of three things, namely (1) rewrite your
purpose of study, (2) re-write your findings, and (3) write the
future work of your study. Conclusion consist of three things,
namely (1) rewrite your purpose of study, (2) re-write your
findings, and (3) write the future work of your study.
Conclusion consist of three things, namely (1) rewrite your
purpose of study, (2) re-write your findings, and (3) write the
future work of your study.
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