SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL ON CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY

MODULE 4-WEEK 4 | QUARTER IV | SCHOOL YEAR 2020-2021

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
9 SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE-QUEZON CITY
NOVALICHES HIGH SCHOOL
SUBJECT SCIENCE 9
DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Author: Ms. Charito B. Abreu
Content Evaluators Mr. Virgilio D. Alcayde & Mrs. Imelda Concepcion B. Manuntag
Language Evaluator: Mr. Virgilio D. Alcayde
Illustrators: Ms. Leilani P. Ramirez & Mrs. Werle Ching R. Tiangco
LRMS Coordinator: Mr. Janlee Mabunga
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Section: _______________________________________ Date Accomplished: ________
Name of Teacher: _______________________________________ Score: ________
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before you start answering the Supplementary Learning PARTS OF THIS MODULE
Material (SLeM), I want you to set aside other tasks that • Expectations. This will provide what will you will be
will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read carefully able to know after completing the lessons in the
the instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives SLeM.
of this kit. Have fun! • Pretest. This will assess your prior knowledge and
the concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions • Looking Back. This section will measure the skills
indicated in every part of this SLeM. that you learned and understood from the previous
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lesson.
lessons. Keep in mind that Writing develops and • Activities. These are activities designed to develop
enhances learning, your critical thinking and other competencies that
3. Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM. you need to master. This can be done solely or with
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your your partner depending on the nature of the activity.
answers. • Remember. This section summarizes the concepts
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what and applications of the lessons.
you have learned.
• Checking Your Understanding. This will verify how
6. Enjoy studying!
you learned from the lesson.
• Posttest. This will measure how much you have
learned from the entire SLeM
LESSON: CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL ENERGY
EXPECTATIONS
This Supplementary Learning Material will help you to:
1. analyze the conversion of potential to kinetic energy and vice versa to given situations (e.g.
pendulum, roller coaster, ascending and descending the stairs;
2. perform activities to demonstrate conservation of mechanical energy; and
3. understand that energy can be described by equation.
PRE-TEST
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. The energy an object has while in motion is… 4. At what point on the cart, will it experience the
A. potential B. kinetic greatest kinetic energy?
C. mechanical D. electrical A. Point A B. Point B
2. What is an example of kinetic energy at work? C. Point C D. Point D
A. A Frisbee flying through the air.
B. A car in a garage. A
C. A ball lodged in a tree C D
D. A car on top of a hill.
3. Which of the ff. happens to a coconut that falls B
freely?
A, Gains PE and loses KE 5. How much potential energy is stored in a 50 kg
B. Gains both PE and KE cart at rest on a hill that is 15 meters high?
C. Loses both PE and KE A. 3507 J B. 5073 J C. 7350 J D. 7500 J
D. Loses PE and gains KE
 LOOKING BACK
Directions: Solve the following mathematical problems
Momentum equations: p = mv m1v1 = m2v2
1. Object A has a mass of 10 kg and is moving at a velocity of 2.0 m/s. What is object A’s momentum?
2. A school bus traveling at 11.1 m/s has a momentum of 152,625 kg.m/s. What is the mass of the bus
3. A 20 gram bullet travelling at 250 m/s strikes a block of wood that weighs 2 kg, with what velocity will
the block and bullet move after the collision?
BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Whenever something moves, you can see the change in energy of that system. Energy can make things
move or cause a change in the position or state of an object. Energy can be defined as the capacity for doing
work. When the work is done upon the object, that object gains energy. The energy acquired by the object
upon which work is done is known as mechanical energy. Mechanical energy is the energy that is possessed by an
object due to its motion or due to its position. Mechanical energy can be either potential energy or kinetic energy.
Potential energy is the energy that an object has because of its position and measured in Joules (J). Potential
energy can also be thought of as stored energy. Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its motion
and is also measured in Joules (J). Due to the principle of conservation of energy, energy can change its form but it is
never created or destroyed.
A continuous conversion between kinetic energy and potential energy takes place in a pendulum. At the
highest point in its swing, the pendulum has only gravitational potential energy. As the pendulum stars to swing
downward, it speeds up and its gravitational potential energy changes to kinetic energy. At the bottom of its swing, all
its energy is kinetic energy. Then, as it swings to the other side and slows down, it regains gravitational energy, and at
the same time loses kinetic energy. At the top of its swing on the other side it again has only gravitational potential
energy. And so, the pattern of energy conversion continues.
Potential energy is the result of an object’s position, mass and the acceleration of gravity. A book resting on
the edge of a table has a potential energy; if you were to nudge it off the edge, the book would fall. It is sometimes
called gravitational potential energy (GPE). It can be expressed mathematically as follows: PE = mass x g x height -
where PE is the potential energy, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. At sea level, g = 9.81 m/s2. In the metric
system, we would commonly use mass in kilograms or grams with the first equation.
Kinetic energy (KE) is energy of motion. Any object that is moving has kinetic energy. An example is a
baseball that has been thrown. The kinetic energy depends on both mass and velocity and can be expressed
mathematically as follows: KE = ½ mv2, here KE stands for kinetic energy. A change in the velocity will have a much
greater effect on the amount of kinetic energy because the term is squared. The total amount of mechanical energy
in a system is the sum of both potential and kinetic energy also measured in Joules (J).
Total Mechanical Energy = Potential Energy + Kinetic Energy
ACTIVITIES
Activity 4.1 Kinetic and Potential Energy
Materials: Science books, Activity sheet
Part A.
Procedure: Fill in the blanks.
1. Stored energy or energy due to position is known as ____________.
2. The mathematical formula for calculating potential energy is ____________.
3. The three factors that determine the amount of potential energy in an object are _____________,
___________, and ___________________.
4. Potential energy is measured in units of _______________.
5. Mass must be measured in units of ________________.
6. Gravitational pull must be measured in units of _______________.
7. Height must be measured in units of _________________.
8. Energy of motion is known as __________________.
9. The mathematical formula for calculating kinetic energy is _______________.
10. The two factors that determine the amount of kinetic energy in an object are _________ and ___________.
11. Kinetic energy is measured in units of ____________.
12. Mass must be measured in units of ______________.
13. Velocity must be measured in units of _______________.
Part B.
Procedure: Describe whether the following situations are using potential energy or kinetic energy. Write P for
potential energy an K for kinetic energy.
1. Walking down the street ____ 6. The archer’s bow with the string pulled back ____
2. A ball that is rolling down a slope ____ 7. A bicyclist pedaling up a hill ____
3. A boulder sitting on the top of a hill ____ 8. A track runner getting set for the race ____
4. A baseball thrown to second base ____ 9. A roller coaster soaring down the tracks ____
5. A football player holding a football ____ 10.The wheels of a car before it begins to move ____
Activity 4.2 Kinetic Energy Versus Potential Energy
Materials: Science books, Activity sheet
Procedure: Refer to the graph below to answer the following questions (1-14):
This graph shows a ball rolling from A to G
A
G

B
F

C
E

1. Which letter shows the ball when it has maximum kinetic energy? ____
2. Which letter shows the ball when it has maximum potential energy? ____
3. Which letter shows the ball when it has the least potential energy? ___
4. Which letter shows the ball when it has the least kinetic energy? ____
5. Which letter shows the ball when it has just a little more kinetic energy than letter A? ____
6. Which letter shows the ball when it has just a little more potential energy than letter C? ____
7. Which letter shows the ball when it has just a little less potential energy than letter F? ____
8. Which letter shows the ball when it has just a little more kinetic energy than letter G? ____
9. Which letter shows the ball when it has just a little more kinetic energy than letter B? ____
10. Which letter shows the ball when it has just a little less potential energy than letter C? ____
11. Which sequence correctly shows an increase in potential energy?
A. E,F,B,G B. B, F, E, C C. D, E, B, F D. A, G, F, C _____
12. Which sequence correctly shows an increase in kinetic energy?
A. E,F,B,G B. B, F, E, C C. D, E, B, F D. A, G, F, C _____
13. Which sequence correctly shows a decrease in kinetic energy?
A. E,F,B,G B. B, F, E, C C. D, E, B, F D. A, G, F, C _____
14. Which sequence correctly shows a decrease in potential energy?
A. E,F,B,G B. B, F, E, C C. D, E, B, F D. A, G, F, C _____
Activity 4.3 Conservation of Energy
Part 1. Directions: Fill in the missing values.
Part 2. Directions: Solve the following mathematical problems. Use the back portion of this material for your
answers.
1. A 1.8 kg book has been dropped from the top of the football stadium. Its speed is 4.8 m/s when it is 2.9
meters above the ground. What it its mechanical energy?
2. A 28 kg child on a swing is traveling at 4.2 m/s. What is his potential energy if he has 315 J of mechanical
energy?
3. Identical twins Rick and Chris are painting a house. Rick is standing on the scaffolding 5 meters above the
ground. Chris is standing on the scaffolding 5 meters above Rick. Who has more potential energy? Explain

REMEMBER
• Mechanical energy is the energy that is possessed by an object due to its motion or due to its position.
• Potential energy is the energy that an object has because of its position and measured in Joules (J).
• Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its motion and is also measured in Joules (J).
• Due to the principle of conservation of energy, energy can change its form but it is never created or or
destroyed.
• Mathematical formulas:
PE = mass x g x height
KE = ½ mass x (velocity)2
ME = PE + KE

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Directions: Answer each question. Write your answers on the back page of this material.
1. What has more potential energy: a boulder on the ground or a feather 10 feet in the air? Explain.
2. How can you throw a ball and have its energy change from kinetic to potential and back to kinetic without
touching the ball once it releases from your hand?
POST-TEST
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. A stored energy is 4. The diagram shows a swinging pendulum. At
A. mechanical B. kinetic which point of the swing is kinetic energy greatest?
C. potential D. light
2. Which of the following has kinetic energy?
I V A. I C. III
A. A big rock on a cliff C. parked automobile
B. A plate of rice D. running automobile II IV B. II D. IV
3. Which has greater kinetic energy, a car traveling at III
30 km/hr or a car of half the mass traveling at 60 km/hr
A. The 30 km/hr car 5. A 20 kg child on a swing is traveling at 4.2 m/s.
B. The 60 km/hr car What is his potential energy if he has 300 J of
C. A and B have the same kinetic energy mechanical energy?
D. none A. 120J B. 140 J C. 160 J D. 180 J

REFERENCES
Aquino, M.D. et al. (2015). Science Links 9. Manila, Philippines. Rex Publishing Inc.

Hirsch, A.J. (2008). Physics 12. Singapore, Thomson Asia Ptc Ltd.

Jones, B. (2004). Kinetic and Potential Energy of Motion. https://www.teachengineering.org kinetic and
potential energy in motion