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    3) Omni Theory Vs Directional Sources v3.1

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    Esteban Soria
    This document discusses line array principles and how they apply at different frequencies. It explains that for omni-directional sources, the space between sources must be less than 2/3 of a wavelength cycle, while for directional sources the space must be greater. As frequency increases, the wavelength decreases, making it difficult to achieve line array principles with conventional drivers at high frequencies. Ribbon transducers can achieve line array principles at high frequencies because their entire surface vibrates, with no space between surfaces. The ribbon emulator manifold allows compression drivers to emulate this behavior and achieve line array principles even at very high frequencies.

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    3) Omni Theory Vs Directional Sources v3.1

    Uploaded by

    Esteban Soria
    23 views45 pages
    This document discusses line array principles and how they apply at different frequencies. It explains that for omni-directional sources, the space between sources must be less than 2/3 of a wavelength cycle, while for directional sources the space must be greater. As frequency increases, the wavelength decreases, making it difficult to achieve line array principles with conventional drivers at high frequencies. Ribbon transducers can achieve line array principles at high frequencies because their entire surface vibrates, with no space between surfaces. The ribbon emulator manifold allows compression drivers to emulate this behavior and achieve line array principles even at very high frequencies.

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    3) Omni Theory vs Directional Sources v3.1

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    This document discusses line array principles and how they apply at different frequencies. It explains that for omni-directional sources, the space between sources must be less than 2/3 of a wavelength cycle, while for directional sources the space must be greater. As frequency increases, the wavelength decreases, making it difficult to achieve line array principles with conventional drivers at high frequencies. Ribbon transducers can achieve line array principles at high frequencies because their entire surface vibrates, with no space between surfaces. The ribbon emulator manifold allows compression drivers to emulate this behavior and achieve line array principles even at very high frequencies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views45 pages

    3) Omni Theory Vs Directional Sources v3.1

    Uploaded by

    Esteban Soria
    This document discusses line array principles and how they apply at different frequencies. It explains that for omni-directional sources, the space between sources must be less than 2/3 of a wavelength cycle, while for directional sources the space must be greater. As frequency increases, the wavelength decreases, making it difficult to achieve line array principles with conventional drivers at high frequencies. Ribbon transducers can achieve line array principles at high frequencies because their entire surface vibrates, with no space between surfaces. The ribbon emulator manifold allows compression drivers to emulate this behavior and achieve line array principles even at very high frequencies.

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    2) Line Array Systems

    Line Array Systems

    Line Array Principles:

    A) For Omni-Directional Sources:

    1A- Less than 2/3 of Cycle (240°) of space between Sources


    2A- Lines Bigger than the Wavelength Reproduced

    B) For Directional Sources:

    1B.- Beyond 2/3 of Cycle (240°) of space between Sources


    2B- Lines Bigger than the Wavelength Reproduced
    OmniDirectional Sources

    Omidirectional
    Source
    237° of Space between Omni Sources

    Phase Shift = 0.56 m X 400Hz X 360° / 340m = 237°


    Single Omni Source

    237° is less than 240°


    237° of Space between Directional Sources

    Phase Shift = 0.56 m X 400Hz X 360° / 340m = 237°


    Single Directional Source

    237° is less than 240°


    373° of Space between Omni Sources

    Phase Shift = 0.56 m X 630Hz X 360° / 340m = 373°


    Single Omni Source

    373° is more than 240°


    373° of Space between Directional Sources

    Phase Shift = 0.56 m X 630Hz X 360° / 340m = 373°


    Single Directional Source

    373° is more than 240°


    474° of Space between Omni Sources

    Phase Shift = 0.56 m X 800Hz X 360° / 340m = 474°


    Single Omni Source

    474° is more than 240°


    474° of Space between Directional Sources

    Phase Shift = 0.56 m X 800Hz X 360° / 340m = 474°


    Single Directional Source

    474° is more than 240°


    Line = 1.00 m
    Wavelength = 3.4 m

    Line Smaller
    than
    Wavelength
    Line = 11.9 m
    Wavelength = 3.4 m

    Line Longer
    than
    Wavelength
    Linear Systems

    The Main problem is to achieve


    “Less than 2/3 of Cycle (240°) of space between Sources”
    in High Frequencies, or obtain very narrow directivity
    Line Array Systems
    125 Hz Wavelength = 2.72 m
    8 MSL-4 Length = 4.2 m
    Line is 1.5 times the Wavelength

    Single MSL-4 @ 125Hz

    LF Transducers reproduce 125 Hz 125 Hz Wavelength = 2.72 m


    Distance MSL-4 to MSL-4 (center to center) = 0.52 m
    LF Transducers are 68° of space between HF transducers @ 125 Hz
    Omnidirectional @ 125 Hz

    Vertical Coverage is defined by the length of the Line

    Conventional System (MSL-4). 8 Elements @ 125 Hz


    Line Array Systems
    125 Hz Wavelength = 2.72 m
    8 M3D Length = 4.2 m
    Line is 1.5 times the Wavelength

    Single M3D @ 125Hz

    LF Transducers reproduce 125 Hz 125 Hz Wavelength = 2.72 m


    Distance M3D to M3D (center to center) = 0.52 m
    LF Transducers are almost 68° of space between HF transducers @ 125 Hz
    Omnidirectional @ 125 Hz

    Vertical Coverage is defined by the length of the Line

    Line Array System (M3D). 8 Elements @ 125 Hz


    Line Array Systems
    500 Hz Wavelength = 0.68 m
    8 MSL-4 Length = 4.2 m
    Line is 6.1 times the Wavelength of 500 Hz

    Single MSL-4 @ 500Hz

    LF Transducers reproduce 500 Hz 500 Hz Wavelength = 0.68 m


    Distance MSL-4 to MSL-4 (center to center) = 0.52 m
    LF Transducers exhibit some 275° of space between HF transducers @ 500 Hz
    directivity @ 500 Hz

    Vertical Coverage at 500 Hz is more Narrow than 125 Hz

    Conventional System (MSL-4). 8 Elements @ 500 Hz


    Line Array Systems
    500 Hz Wavelength = 0.68 m
    8 M3D Length = 4.2 m
    Line is 6.1 times the Wavelength of 500 Hz

    Single M3D @ 500Hz

    LF Transducers reproduce 500 Hz 500 Hz Wavelength = 0.68 m


    Distance M3D to M3D (center to center) = 0.52 m
    LF Transducers exhibit some 275° of space between HF transducers @ 500 Hz
    directivity @ 500 Hz

    Vertical Coverage at 500 Hz is more Narrow than 125 Hz

    Line Array System (M3D). 8 Elements @ 500 Hz


    Line Array Systems
    2 kHz Wavelength = 0.17 m
    8 MSL-4 Length = 4.2 m
    Line is 24.7 times the Wavelength of 2 kHz

    Single MSL-4 @ 2kHz

    HF Transducers using a Horn 2 kHz Wavelength = 0.17 m


    reproduce 2 kHz
    Distance MSL-4 to MSL-4 (center to center) = 0.52 m
    HF Transducers using a Horn 1101° of space between HF transducers @ 2kHz
    exhibit narrow directivity @ 2 kHz

    Vertical Coverage at 2 kHz is similar to 500 Hz

    Conventional System (MSL-4). 8 Elements @ 2 kHz


    Line Array Systems
    2 kHz Wavelength = 0.17 m
    8 M3D Length = 4.2 m
    Line is 24.7 times the Wavelength of 2 kHz

    Single M3D @ 2kHz

    HF Transducers not using a typical 2 kHz Wavelength = 0.17 m


    horn reproduce 2 kHz
    Distance M3D to M3D (center to center) = 0.52 m
    HF Transducers not using a typical 1101° IS NOT the space between HF transducers @ 2kHz
    horn exhibit narrow directivity
    @ 2 kHz
    Vertical Coverage at 2 kHz is similar to 500 Hz

    Line Array System (M3D). 8 Elements @ 2 kHz


    Line Array Systems
    8 kHz Wavelength = 0.04 m
    8 MSL-4 Length = 4.2 m
    Line is 98.8 times the Wavelength of 8 kHz

    Single MSL-4 @ 8kHz

    HF Transducers using a Horn 8 kHz Wavelength = 0.04 m


    reproduce 8 kHz
    Distance MSL-4 to MSL-4 (center to center) = 0.52 m
    HF Transducers using a Horn 4404° of space between HF transducers @ 8kHz
    has not enough narrow
    directivity @ 8 kHz
    Vertical Coverage is Out of Control

    Conventional System (MSL-4). 8 Elements @ 8 kHz


    Line Array Systems
    8 kHz Wavelength = 0.04 m
    8 M3D Length = 4.2 m
    Line is 98.8 times the Wavelength of 8 kHz

    Single M3D @ 8kHz

    HF Transducers not using a typical 8 kHz Wavelength = 0.04 m


    horn reproduce 8 kHz
    Distance M3D to M3D (center to center) = 0.52 m
    HF Transducers not using a typical 4404° IS NOT the space between HF transducers @ 8kHz
    horn still maintain enough narrow
    directivity @ 8 kHz
    Vertical Coverage is still in Control

    Line Array System (M3D). 8 Elements @ 8 kHz


    Line Array Systems
    Comb Filter effect

    Conventional System (MSL-4). 8 Elements @ 74 m


    Line Array Systems
    Smooth Frequency Response in HF

    Line Array System (M3D). 8 Elements @ 74 m


    High Frequencies

    Space between
    Drivers will not
    accomplish Line
    Array Principles
    at High
    Frequencies

    The Space between transducers at Higher Frequencies


    Don’t achieve Line Array Principles
    High Frequencies

    There is no
    space between
    all vibrational
    surfaces

    Ribbon Transducers Achieve Line Array Principles


    Ribbon Transducers

    Ribbon: Compression Driver

    Lower Sensitivity Higher Sensitivity

    Sensitivity = 95 dB SPL Sensitivity = 105 dB SPL


    120 dB SPL MAX (aprox) 130 dB SPL MAX (approx)

    3 Ribbon Transducers = 129.5 dB SPL MAX (approx)

    Notes:
    Very Low Input Impedance
    Very Heavy
    Ribbon Emulator

    The Ribbon Emulator Manifold Solves the problem of


    Compression Drivers in Higher Frequencies
    Ribbon Emulator
    Equal Internal Paths
    from the compression
    Driver exit to the
    Ribbon Emulator exit

    Space between each


    Ribbon Emulator exit
    Compression must be less than 240°
    Space between Driver Exit of Upper reproduced
    Compression Drivers couples here Frequency

    Ribbon Emulator
    produces Very Narrow
    Vertical Directivity at
    High Frequencies
    Ribbon Emulator

    - Very Narrow Directivity at High Frequencies


    - SPL of Compression Driver
    Conventional Line Array Systems

    Problems at High Frequencies

    Conventional System (MSL-4). 8 Elements @ 8 kHz


    Ribbon Line Array Systems

    No Problems at High Frequencies

    Line Array Systems(M3D). 8 Elements @ 8 kHz


    Conventional Line Array Systems
    Comb Filter effect

    Conventional System (MSL-4). 8 Elements @ 74 m


    Ribbon Line Array Systems
    Smooth Frequency Response in HF

    Line Array Systems (M3D). 8 Elements @ 74 m


    Line Array Systems Design

    Uneven Distribution of Level at HF

    Wrong Line Array System Design (M3D)


    Line Array Systems Design

    Even Distribution of Level at HF

    Right Line Array System Design (M3D)


    Line Array Systems Design

    6 HF Sources in this Area 2 HF Sources in this Area

    Incorrect Line Array System Design (M3D)


    Line Array Systems Design

    4 HF Sources in this Area 4 HF Sources in this Area

    Improved Line Array System Design (M3D)


    Line Array Speakers

    125 Hz, Omni-Directional


    Line Array Speakers

    500 Hz, Some Directivity


    Line Array Speakers

    2 kHz, Narrow Directivity


    Line Array Speakers

    8 kHz, Very Narrow Directivity


    Line Array Speakers

    Hybrid Systems

    Omni-Directional at Low Frequencies


    Very Directional at High Frequencies
    Line Array Systems

    125 Hz Directivity is defined by the Lengh of the Array and aim of the System

    Line Array System (M3D). 8 Elements @ 125 Hz


    Line Array Systems

    500 Hz Directivity is defined by the Lengh of the Array and aim of the System

    Line Array System (M3D). 8 Elements @ 500 Hz


    Line Array Systems

    2 kHz Directivity is NOT defined by the Lengh of the Array


    2 kHz Directivity is defined by the Curvilinear Design

    Line Array System (M3D). 8 Elements @ 2 kHz


    Line Array Systems

    8 kHz Directivity is NOT defined by the Lengh of the Array


    8 kHz Directivity is defined by the Curvilinear Design

    Line Array System (M3D). 8 Elements @ 8 kHz

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