Technological Institute of the Philippines

Cyclohexane
Storage Tank
(T-102)

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Table: List of Nomenclature for Nitric Acid Storage Tank

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SPECIFICATION
Description Cyclohexane Storage Tank
Equipment Tag T-101
Type Storage Tank
Orientation Vertical
Material of Construction 3.4 Stainless Steels
No. of Tank Required 3 units/s
Design Temperature 25 °C
Design Pressure 0.1773 MPa
Tank Volume 136.9490 m3
DESIGN DIMENSION
Total Tank Height 8.5832 m
Tank Inside Diameter 4.2916 m
Tank Outside Diameter 4.3002 m
Shell Thickness 4.3069 mm
Head Thickness 8.0790 mm
Head Height 0.8567 m
Crown Radius 4.2916 m
Knuckle Radius 0.2575 m
Inlet Nozzle Diameter 38.4569 mm
Inlet Nozzle Thickness 4.0207 mm
Outlet Nozzle Diameter 41.0097 mm
Outlet Nozzle Thickness 4.0220 mm
MECHANICAL DESIGN
Actual tank circumference 13.5096 m
Actual tank diameter 5.8210 m
Actual inside diameter 5.8124 m
Actual tank height 7.1995 m
Actual Crown radius 5.8124 m
Actual knuckle radius 0.3487 m
Actual cylinder height 5.4861 m
Surface area of torispherical head 28.0193 m2
Surface area of torispherical bottom 28.0193 m2
No. of plates for tank circumference 3 plates
No. of plates for tank height 3 plates
No. of plates for tank head 3 plates
No. of plates for tank bottom 3 plates
Total number of plates for the shell 9 plates
Total number of plates for the whole tank 15 plates

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Data Assumptions:

 Mass Flow rate is 3677.1888 kg/hr

 24-Hour Operation for 7 days
 Material Construction 3.4 Stainless Steel
 Operating Pressure at 1 atm
 Operating Temperature is 25 °C
 Torispherical head and bottom is used.

Design Calculations

Volumetric Flowrate

ASSUMPTION: The density of cyclohexane at 298.15K is 773.303 kg/m3

(ref. Table 2-305. Page 2-413. Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook (8th
ed.).

m
Q=
ρ H 2O

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kg
88252.5311
day
Q=
kg
773.303 3
m

m3
Q=114.1241
day

Tank Capacity

m3 (
(
V = 114.1241
day )
3 days )

V =342.3724 m3

Number of Tanks

ASSUPMTION: The available volume of tank available for the market and is
specifically applicable for the process is 32,500 gallons or 123025.89 L.

342.3724 m3
N Tank =
123025.89 L 1 m3
×
tank 1000 L

N Tank =2.7829 ≈ 3 tanks

Tank Capacity of Each Tank

342.3724 m3
V t=
2 tanks

V t =114.1241 m 3

Design Volume

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ASSUMPTION: 20% volumetric allowance is considered (ref. Walas, S. M.

(1990). Chemical Process Equipment Selection and Design. USA: Butterworth-
Heinemann).

V Tank =1.2 V t

V Tank =1.2(14.1241 m3)

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V Tank =136.9490 m

Total Volume of Tank

V Tank =V Cylinder +V Torispherical Head +V Torispherical Bottoms

Where:

π 2
V Cylinder = D H
4 i Cylinder

(ref. Sinnot, R.K. (2005). Coulson & Richardson’s Chemical Engineering

Design Volume 6, 4th Edition)

V Torispherical Head =0.0809 D 3i

(ref. Table 10-60. Page 10-145. Perry, R. & Green D. (2008). Perry’s
Chemical Engineer’s Handbook, 8th Edition)

Inside Tank Diameter

π 2
V Tank = D H + 2(0.0809 D 3i )
4 i Cylinder

π 2
V Tank = D i (2 D i)+2(0.0809 D 3i )
4

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π 3
V Tank = Di +2(0.0809 D 3i )
4

π
136.9490 m 3= D 3i + 2(0.0809 D 3i )
2

Di=4.2916 m

Height of Cylinder

H Cylinder =2( 4.2916 m)

H Cylinder =8.5832m

Height of the Mixture

π 2
V Mixture= D H
4 i Mixture

π
114.1241 m 3= ¿
4

H Mixture=7.8894 m

Working Pressure

P=POptimum + ρg H Mixture

kg m
(
P=101,325 Pa+ 773.3030
m )(
3 )
9.81 2 ( 7.8894 m )
s

P=161175.1727 Pa∨0.1612 MPa

Design Pressure

ASSUMPTION: The design pressure was set to exceed 10% of the operating
pressure (ref. Chapter 13.4.1-2, page 810, Coulson and Richardson, Chemical
Engineering Design, Vol. 6,4th ed.)

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Design Pressure=1.1 P

Design Pressure=1.1 ( 161175.1727 Pa )

Design Pressure=177292.6900 Pa∨0.1773 MPa

Shell Thickness

PD D i
t sp = +C
2 Jf −P D

(ref. Eqn. 13.39. Page 815. Sinnot, R.K. (2005). Coulson & Richardson’s
Chemical Engineering Design, Volume 6, 4th Edition)

Where:

P= Design Pressure, N/mm2

D= Inside Diameter, mm

J= Joint Efficiency, 1.0 (ref. Table. 13.3. Page 813. Sinnot, R.K. (2005).
Coulson & Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design, Volume 6, 4th Edition)

F= Design Stress, N/mm2 (ref. Table. 13.2. Page 812. Sinnot, R.K. (2005).
Coulson & Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design, Volume 6, 4th Edition)

C= Corrosion Allowance, mm (ref. 13.4.8 Sinnot, R.K. (2005). Coulson &

Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design, Volume 6, 4th Edition)

t sp =
( 0.1773
mm2 )
(4291.6119 mm)
+ 4 mm
N N
(
2 ( 1 ) 165
mm2 )(
− 0.1773
mm2 )

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t sp =4.3069mm

Torispherical Head

PD RCCS
t h= +C
2 Jf +(C s −0.2)

(ref. Eqn. 13.34 Page 819. Sinnot, R.K. (2005). Coulson & Richardson’s
Chemical Engineering Design, Volume 6, 4th Edition)

Where:

P= Design Pressure, N/mm2

Rc = Crown Radius, m

Cs= Stress Concentration Factor for Torispherical Heads

D= Inside Diameter, mm

J= Joint Efficiency, 1.0 Technological Institute of the Philippines

837

F= Design Stress, N/mm2

C= Corrosion Allowance, mm

Crown Radius

RC = D i

RC =4.2916 m

Knuckle Radius

Rk =0.06 D i

Rk =0.06 ( 4.2916 m )

Rk =0.2575 m

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Stress Concentration

R
C s=
1
4( √ )
3+ C
Rk

1 4.2916 m
C s=
4( √
3+ )
0.2575 m

C s=1.7706

Computing for Head and Bottom Thickness

t =
( 0.1773
mm )
2
( 4291.6119 mm )( 1.7706 )
+4 mm
h
N
( mm )−(1.7706−0.2)
2 ( 1 ) 165 2

t h=8.0790 mm

Outside Tank Diameter

DO =Di+ 2t

D O =4.2916 m+2(0.0043)m

DO =4.3002 m

Height of Torispherical Head

H Head=3.5 t+ 0.1935 D o−0.455 t

(ref. Sinnot, R.K. (2005). Coulson & Richardson’s Chemical Engineering

Design, Volume 6, 4th Edition)

H Head=3.5( 8.0790 mm)+0.1935 (4300.225 8 mm)−0.455( 8.0790 mm)

H Head=856.6943 mm ≈ 0.856 7 m

Total Tank Height

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H Tank =H Cylinder + H Head + H Bottom

H Tank =8.5832 m+2 ( 0.8567 m )

H Tank =10.2966 m

Nozzle Design

General Guidelines

2 kg
 For inlet fluids (Liquid or Gas): ρ v ≤1000
m−s2
2 kg
 For outlet gas: ρ v ≤3600
m−s2
 For outlet liquids: v = 1 m/s

Nozzle Outlet Diameter

ṁ
Q̇= AV =
ρ

kg
1.0214
s
Q̇=
kg
773.3030 3
m

m3
Q̇=0.0009
s
2
m3 π d 0 m
0.0009 = ×1
s 4 s

d o =0.0410 m≈ 41.0097 mm

Wall Thickness of Nozzle Outlet

Pido
t no= +C
2 Jf −Pi

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t =
( 0.1773
mm )
( 41.0097 mm )
2
+ 4 mm
no
N N
( mm )−(0.1773 mm )
2 ( 1 ) 165 2 2

t no=4.0220 mm

Nozzle Inlet Diameter

kg
ρ v 2=1000
m−s2

kg

√
1000
m−s 2
v=
kg
773.3030 3
m

m
v=1.1372
s

Q= AV

2
m3 π d 0 m
0.0013 = ×1
s 4 s

d 1=0.0385m ≈ 38.4569 mm

Wall Thickness of Nozzle Inlet

t=
¿
( 0.1773
mm )
(38.4569 mm)
2

2(1)¿ ¿

t ¿=4.0207 mm

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Actual Design

Circumference of the Tank

C Tank =π D o

C Tank =π ( 4.3002 m)

C Tank =13.5096 m

Number of Plates for the Circumference

N Circumference =13.5096 m ( 3.2181

1
ft 1 plate
)( 20 ft )
N Circumference =2.1738 ≈ 3 plates

Actual Circumference of the Tank

C Tank ,act =3 plates ( 120plateft )( 13.281

m plate
ft )

C Tank ,act =18.2871m

Actual Tank Diameter

18.2871 m
D o , act=
π

Do , act=5.8210m

Actual Inside Diameter

D i , act=D o ,act −2 t

Di , act=5 .8210 m−2(0.0043 m)

D i , act=5.8124 m

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Actual Knuckle Radius

Rk , act =0.06 D i ,act

Rk , act =0.3487 m

Actual Crown Radius

Rc , act=D i , act

Rc , act=5.81 24 m

Volume of Shell

V Shell =V Tank −2(0.0809 × D 30 , act )

V Shell =136.9490 m 3−2 ¿

V Shell =131.4666 m 3

Height of the Cylinder

π 2
V Shell = D H
4 i ,act cylinders

H cylinders =4.9547 m

Number of Plates for the Height of Cylinder

3.281 ft 1 plate
N Cylinder =4.9547 m× ×
1m 6 ft

N Cylinder =2.7094 ≈ 3 plates

Height of the Cylinder Actual

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6 ft 1m
H Cylinder =3 plates × ×
1 plate 3.281 ft

H Cylinder =5.4861 m

Actual Height of the Tank

H Tank ,act =H Cylinder , act + H Head + H Bottom

H Tank ,act =5.4861 m+ 2(0.8567 m)

H Tank ,act =7.1995 m

Actual Surface Area of the Torispherical Head

A Head=0.264 π Di , act2

A Head=0.264 π ¿

A Head=28.0193m 2

Number of Plates for the Torispherical Head

1 plate
N Head=28.0193 m2 ×
(6.0957 ×1.8283) m2

N Head=2.5141 m≈ 3 Plates

Actual Surface Area of the Torispherical Bottom

A Bottom=0.264 π D i ,act2

A Bottom=0.264 π ¿

A Bottom=28.0193 m2

Number of Plates for the Torispherical Bottom

1 plate
N Bottom =28.0193 m2 × 2
(6.0957 ×1.8283)m

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N Bottom =2.5141≈ 3 plates

Total Number of Plates for the Shell

N Shell =N Circumference × N Cylinder

N Shell =3 ×3

N Shell =9 plates

Total Number of Plates for the Tank

N Total =N Shell + N Head + N Bottom

N Total =9+ 3+3

N Total =15 plates

Total Tank Volume

π 2
V Tank = D i , act H Cylinder ,act + 0.0809 D 3i , act
4

π
V Tank = ¿
4

V Tank =163.2378 m3

H/D Ratio of the Tank

ASSUMPTION: The optimum H/D ratio is 3; however, a range of 0.75 to 5 is

common. (ref. Branan, C. (2002). Rules of Thumb for Chemical Engineers,
3rdedition)

H 10.2966 m
= =2.3992
D 4.2916 m

Therefore, the tank dimensions are acceptable.

Tank Orientation

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ASSUMPTION: Vessels beyond 40m3 is vertical tank with L/D ratio of a

range 0.5 to 1.5 (ref. Branan, C. (2002). Rules of Thumb for Chemical
Engineers, 3rd edition).

Therefore, the tank orientation is vertical.

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