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1. The document discusses the design of beams for combined bending, shear, and torsion loading according to the Indian Standard Code IS 456. 2. It provides equations to calculate equivalent shear and bending moments based on actual shear, torsion, and bending to design the total reinforcement. 3. The reinforcement includes both longitudinal reinforcement designed for equivalent bending moments and transverse reinforcement designed as closed loops around longitudinal bars based on an equation involving torsional moment, shear, and geometry.

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Amal Zakir
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50 views18 pages

Upload 7 - M3

1. The document discusses the design of beams for combined bending, shear, and torsion loading according to the Indian Standard Code IS 456. 2. It provides equations to calculate equivalent shear and bending moments based on actual shear, torsion, and bending to design the total reinforcement. 3. The reinforcement includes both longitudinal reinforcement designed for equivalent bending moments and transverse reinforcement designed as closed loops around longitudinal bars based on an equation involving torsional moment, shear, and geometry.

Uploaded by

Amal Zakir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DESIGN OF BEAMS

Module III
Problem 1
Determine the ultimate moment of resistance of isolated T-
beam of span 6 m shown in figure for the following two cases
I. M15 concrete and Fe250 steel
II. M20 concrete and Fe250 steel
Case II
1. Calculation of effective flange width
As per IS456 pg 37 cl 23.1.2
Design for Torsion –IS approach
On several situations beams and slabs are subjected to
torsion in addition to bending moment and shear force.

Loads acting normal to the plane of bending will cause


bending moment and shear force. However, loads away
from the plane of bending will induce torsional moment
along with bending moment and shear.

Skew bending theory, space-truss analogy are some of the


theories developed to understand the behavior of
reinforced concrete under torsion combined with bending
moment and shear.
Torsional moments are of two types
(i) Primary or equilibrium torsion
(ii) Secondary or compatibility torsion

The primary torsion is required for the basic static equilibrium of


most of the statically determinate structures. This torsional
moment must be considered in the design as it is a major
component.

The secondary torsion is required to satisfy the compatibility


condition between members. However, statically indeterminate
structures may have any of the two types of torsions

Torsion must be considered in structures subjected to


unsymmetrical loadings about axes.
Approach of Design for Combined Bending,
Shear and Torsion as per IS 456

As per the stipulations of IS 456, the longitudinal and transverse


reinforcements are determined taking into account the
combined effects of bending moment, shear force and torsional
moment.

Two empirical relations of equivalent shear (Ve) and equivalent


bending moment (Me1 & Me2) are given

Equivalent shear and equivalent bending moment, are separate


functions of actual shear and torsion, and actual bending
moment and torsion, respectively.
The total vertical reinforcement is designed to resist the
equivalent shear Ve and the longitudinal reinforcement is
designed to resist the equivalent bending moment Me1 and
Me2

As per IS 456 Cl 41 pg 74 member is designed for torsion

Critical Section (As per IS 456 cl. 41.2 pg 75)


Sections located less than a distance d from the face of the support
is to be designed for the same torsion as computed at a distance d,
where d is the effective depth of the beam.
Shear and Torsion (As per IS 456 cl. 41.3 pg 75)
As per IS 456 cl. 41.3.1 pg 75
Equivalent shear
The equivalent shear, a function of the actual shear and
torsional moment is determined from the following empirical
relation:
Ve = Vu + 1.6(Tu/b)
Ve = equivalent shear
Vu = actual shear
Tu = actual torsional moment
b = breadth of beam.
The equivalent nominal shear stress τve is determined from
τve=(Ve/bd)

However, τve shall not exceed τ c max given in Table 20 of IS 456


If τve < τc given in Table 19 of IS 456
Minimum shear reinforcement is to be provided as per cl.
26.5.1.6 of IS 456, For this equivalent nominal shear stress
shear reinforcement is designed

If τve > τc given in Table 19 of IS 456


Both longitudinal and transverse reinforcement shall be
provided as per cl. 41.4 of IS 456
Reinforcement in Members subjected to Torsion (As per IS 456
cl. 41.4 pg 75)
Reinforcement for torsion shall consist of longitudinal and
transverse reinforcement
The longitudinal flexural tension reinforcement shall be
determined to resist an equivalent bending moment Me1
Me1 = Mu + Mt
Mu = bending moment at the cross-section
Mt = (Tu/1.7) {1 + (D/b)}
where Tu = torsional moment
D = overall depth of the beam
b = breadth of the beam.
If ,Mt > Mu
The longitudinal flexural compression reinforcement shall be
provided (doubly reinforced section).

Such compression reinforcement should be able to resist an


equivalent bending moment Me2

Me2 = Mt - Mu
The transverse reinforcement consisting of two legged closed
loops enclosing the corner longitudinal bars shall be
provided having an area of cross-section Asv given below:

However, the total transverse reinforcement shall not be less


than the following
Tu = torsional moment
Vu = shear force
sv = spacing of the stirrup reinforcement
b1 = centre to centre distance between corner bars in the
direction of the width
d1 = centre to centre distance between corner bars
b = breadth of the member
fy = characteristic strength of the stirrup reinforcement

After finding longitudinal and transverse reinforcement it


should be checked for maximum ,minimum reinforcement
requirement and maximum spacing of shear reinforcement

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