CLASS-XII

PROJECT TOPICS
Patuli
 PHYSICS
All students are required to complete their ISC project.
They may compile the required data, diagrams, pictures, graphs,
structure, pie charts, histograms etc. For the completion of the
suggested topics. The Project should include Title, theoretical
discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgement and Bibliography.
THE SUGGESTED TOPICS ARE:
1. Semiconductor,
2. Electromagnetic induction,
3. Robotics,
4. Laser,
5. Black hole,
6. Nanotechnology,
7. Communication system,
8. Generators,
9. Optical Telescope,
10. Astrophysics and cosmology,
11. Thermodynamics,
12. Photoelectric effect.
 CHEMISTRY
All student are required to complete their ISC project, They
may compile the required graphs, data, structure, pie charts,
histograms, diagrams etc for the completion of the suggested
topics. The projects should include Title, introduction/purpose,
contents, presentation, conclusion, acknowledgement and
Bibliography.
THE SUGGESTED TOPICS ARE:
i) Amino acids: Peptides, Structure and classification, proteins
structure and their role in the growth of living beings.
ii) Chemicals and chemical processes in forensic studies.
iii) Explosives - preparations and their uses.
iv) Chemicals in medicines: antiseptics, antibiotics, antacids etc.
and their uses.
v) Nucleic Acid: DNA and RNA – their structure. Unique
nature, Importance in evolution and their characteristic features.
vi) Types of dyes – methods of preparation, characteristics and
uses.
vii) Natural polymers (any five) - structure, characteristics, uses.
viii) Preparation of soap, nail polish, boot polish, varnish, nail
polish remover, shampoo and scents.
 BIOLOGY

All students may compile data, diagram, statistics,

newspaper cuttings (relevant), flowchart for completion of the
suggested topics for ISC biology. The projects should include
Title, introduction/purpose, contents, presentation, conclusion,
acknowledgement and Bibliography.

SUGGESTED TOPICS ARE:

1. Analysis of DNA fingerprinting

2. Gene therapy.
3. Phenylketoneuria
4. Legal aspects of biopiracy
5. Lac operon
6. Utility of Cryopreservation
7. Sex linked inheritance diseases
8. Mangrove Ecology
9. Assisted Reproductive Technology
10. Biotechnology in Agriculture
11. Mendelian inheritence
 ECONOMICS
PROJECT 1:
Prepare a report on the competition in the aviation sector in
India with reference to:
a. Performance of public sector and private sector
b. Operational strategies adopted by budget/ low cost carriers

DETAILS
I. Define aviation sector- its history and importance in
Indian economy, name of the aviation sectors
operating in India
II. Difference between public and private aviation sector-
its performance, priorities, facilities etc
III. Select any two public sector and three private airlines
and give details about each (1-2 pages each)- its
history, management, future prospects, economic
performance etc.
IV. Name the low cost carrier(airline) and discuss about
its operational strategies
V. Give a comparative analysis of all the 5 airlines
discussed above- say market share, no of airbuses etc
VI. Conclusion
 PROJECT 2:
Make a comparative analysis of lending performance of five
commercial banks in the past six years with reference to the
changing CRR and SLR.
Details
I. Define bank- its background
II. Explain central bank and commercial bank, differentiate
between them
III. Discuss functions of central bank
IV. Functions of commercial bank
V. Process of credit creation
VI. Discuss various methods through which RBI controls credit
creation
VII. Define CRR and SLR , give table showing these rates for
the last 10 years
VIII. Select any two public and three private commercial banks –
discuss about each and its lending performance for the last
6 years.
IX. Comparative analysis of all the 5 banks and its lending
performance
X. conclusion
 COMMERCE
Select any two projects
Mark allocation for each Project (10 marks)
1) Collect newspaper/magazine clippings of five cases filed by
consumers in the Consumer Court.
Find out the rights violated, and the redressal mechanism used.
What was the outcome of each case?

2) Visit a Commercial Bank. Find out the procedure to open a

savings account.
Find out the details of various Agency and General utility
services provided by the bank.

3) Select any business undertaking. Study the selected business

in terms of ownership, capital and profitability.
Make a S.W.O.T. analysis and present it in tabular form.
Hints / Guidelines For The Project Work :
1) - Consumer Protection Act 1986 – definition / meaning
- Consumer Court- meaning
- Rights of Consumers
- Consumer Redressal
 - Detail description about any five cases filed by the
consumers in the consumer court and compensation
given/outcome of each case.
- Conclusion
2) - Select any one bank. For example –State Bank of India
(SBI), Punjab National Bank (PNB), etc
- In brief about SBI - owner , founded , headquarter , number
of branches , merger of banks currently into SBI
- Savings Account – meaning
- Procedure of opening savings account – in detail- steps ;
documents required – address proof, pan card, Aadhar card
- Explain agency services
- Explain general utility services
- Conclusion
3) - Select any one sector.
Forexample – Communication- Micromax ,
Automobile – Maruti Suzuki , etc
- Ownership (Micromax) – name of the owner,
company founded, founder, headquarters , area served ,
products , services
- Capital – equity stake , valuation , revenue of the company
- Profitability – net profit for the past few years (analysis) ;
measures undertaken to enhance revenue
- SWOT – meaning
- Analysis of Micromax company
 Strengths -
Weaknesses -
Oppurtunities -
Threats –
- Conclusion
[Common - Bibliography, Acknowledgement]
Projects selected should be illustrated with black and white
or colour pictures, graphs, drawings, etc. should be
bordered and tagged neatly, each page - if possible.

Writing should be in black ink only. For headings use stencils

or calligraphy handwriting – if possible.
 BUSINESS STUDIES
Page 1- Name-
Class-
Section-
Subject-
UID No-
Page 2- Project I
Topic- Analyse the recruitment process in any two companies of
your choice. List the loopholes if any and give suggestions for
improving the process (You may also make a comparative study
of the recruitment process)
Page 3- Index
PROJECT I

Page 4 Company I- CADBURY (Introduction)

Page 5 Meaning and Definition of Recruitment
Page 6 Characteristics of Recruitment
Page 7 Sources of Recruitment
Page 8 Internal Sources-Promotion, Transfer etc.
External Sources- Advertisement, Campus
recruitment etc.
Page 9 Difference between Internal and External
Sources of recruitment
Page 10 Merits of recruitment
Page 11 Demerits of Recruitment
Page 12 E-Recruitment
Page13 Benefits and Limitations of E-Recruitment
Page 14 Sources of E-Recruitment
Page 15 Loopholes of Recruitment
Page 16 Conclusion
Page 17 Company II NESTLE (Introduction)
Page 18 Meaning and Definition
Page 19 Characteristics of Recruitment
Page 20 Sources of Recruitment
Internal Sources
External Sources
Page 21 Difference between Internal and External
Sources
Page 22 Merits
Page 23 Demerits
Page24 E-Recruitment
Page25 Benefits and Limitations of E-Recruitment
Page26 Sources of E-Recruitment
Page 27 Loopholes of Recruitment
Page 28 Comparative Study (CADBURY & NESTLE)
Page 29 Suggestions for Improving the Recruitment
Process of both the Companies
Page 30 Conclusion
Page31 PROJECT II
Make a comparative study of any two E-
Business in terms of their nature, size, product
and services offered, functioning and policies.
Page32 E-Business –Meaning and Definition0
Page33 E-Business I-FLIPKART(Introduction)
Page 34 Nature of Business
Page 35 Size of Business
Page 36 Products
Page 37 Services
Page 38 Functionary
Page 39 Policies
Page 40 Conclusion
Page 41 E-Business II-AMAZON(Introduction)
Page 41 Nature of Business
Page 42 Size of Business
Page 43 Products
Page 44 Services
Page 45 Functionary
Page 46 Policies
Page47 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BOTH
COMPANIES
(Flipkart & Amazon)
Page 48 Conclusion
Page 49 Bibliography
Page50 Acknowledgement
FEW LIST OF COMPANIES:

SBI AND ICICI

OIL &NATURAL GAS
AND BHARAT
PETROLEUM
CADBURY AND
NESTLE
FLIPKART AND
AMAZON
BMW AND BENTLEY

NOTE- The choice of companies for the Project is yours.

However, both the companies should be of same category given
above.
Eg- SBI AND ICICI (Correct)
SBI AND BMW (Incorrect)
 ACCOUNTS

Topic 1- Preparation of journal / sub-division of journal,

Ledger, Trial balance and Financial statements of a partnership
form of business on the basis of a case study.

(i) Develop a case study showing how two or more friends

decide to come together and start a business with a certain
amount of capital.

(ii) Prepare their partnership deed including interest on capital,

partner's salary, commission, interest on drawing, interest on
partner's loan and rent paid to partner.

(iii) Write in detail, their transactions during the year : purchases

- cash and credit, sales - cash and credit, expenses, purchase of
fixed assets and depreciation charged on them, any outstanding
expenses, prepaid expenses, accrued income, drawing bills of
exchange, accepting bills payable etc.

(iv) From this case study developed ( which should have at least
20 transactions), pass the journal entries, post them into the
Ledger, prepare a trial balance and the trading and profit and
Loss account, profit and loss appropriation account and Balance
sheet.

(v) The various expenses, for comparisons purpose, could be

depicted in the form of bar diagram, pie charts.
(vi) Calculate relevant accounting ratio like liquidity, solvency,
activity and profitability - giving their formulae and
computation.

(vii) The ratios could also be shown graphically and /or

pictorially (bar diagrams, pie Charts) and if possible, could be
compared with the ratios of the industry.

Topic 2 - Preparation of common size and comperative income

statement of profit and loss and balance sheet of a company by
taking into account its audited /unaudited /imaginery financial
results of two consecutive quarters of an accounting year or of
two consecutive accounting years.

(i)The comparison has to be made in the form of common size

and comparative income statement and Balance sheet.
(ii) The comparison could also be shown graphically and / or
pictorially (bar diagram, pie charts)