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Statistics Vocabulary List

This document provides a list of important vocabulary terms for introductory research and statistics. It is organized into categories including terms that must be known, are used often, and are good to know. Some key terms include level of measurement, independent and dependent variables, descriptive and inferential statistics, correlation, charts/graphs, measures of central tendency and variation, hypothesis testing, and probability.

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Marlon Olivo
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503 views1 page

Statistics Vocabulary List

This document provides a list of important vocabulary terms for introductory research and statistics. It is organized into categories including terms that must be known, are used often, and are good to know. Some key terms include level of measurement, independent and dependent variables, descriptive and inferential statistics, correlation, charts/graphs, measures of central tendency and variation, hypothesis testing, and probability.

Uploaded by

Marlon Olivo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vocabulary for Intro to Research & Statistics

Must Know Must Know for Analysis Used Often Good to Know
Measurement Unit [of measurement] Level of Measurement Factor (Variable)
Numeric | Quantitative Ordinal & Nominal Dichotomous / Binary Interval / Ratio / Scale
Categorical | Qualitative Levels | Categories Composite / Index Variable Discrete & Continuous
Construct & Concept Operational Definition / Scale & Scale items Reliability & Validity
Statistics, Descriptive Univariate & Bivariate Point & Interval Estimates Cumulative Frequency
Frequency & Multivariate Confidence Interval Cumulative Percent
Relative Frequency High & Low | Max & Min Margin of Error Ratio / Odds-Ratio
/ Proportion / Percentage Mean & Median & Mode Residuals & Fitted values Central Tendency/ Center
Distribution | Shape Standard Deviation Outliers & Skew[ness] Probability Distribution
Variation | Variance Symmetric | Symmetry Normal Distribution Standard Normal Distribution
| Spread | Dispersion Percentile / Quartile Z-Score / Location Standardized Values
Data Table | Dataset Unit of Analysis Syntax | Code Merge
Variable = Columns Valid & Missing Data Numeric / Integer Type Aggregate
Observation | Case = Rows Variable & Value Labels String | Character Type Dummy Code
Value = Cells Code / Coded & Recode Codebook Weight | Weighting
Relationship Independent Variable (IV) Effect & Effect Size Interaction
Causation | Causality Dependent Variable (DV) Predictor & Response Treatment & Outcome
Sample Random | Probability Sample Independent Samples Generalization
Population Representative Sample Paired | Dependent Samples Sampling Error
Inferential Statistics Statistic & Parameter Sampling Distribution Standard Error (s.e., SE)
Statistical Analysis [Statistically] Significant Null Hypothesis (H0) Critical Value
Correlation p-value Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) Type I & Type II Errors
Cross-tabulation Test statistic alpha (α) | Significance Level 1- & 2-Tailed Tests
Chart |Graph, Bar Scatterplot Line Graph Pivot Table
Histogram Contingency (2-way) Table Box [& whisker] plot Ogive
*Notation* x/y = Indep./Dep. Variable ŷ ‘y hat’ = Predicted value of y xi/yi = Each or any value of x/y
n/N = Sample/Population Size 𝑥̅ /𝑦̅ ‘x/y bar’ = Mean of x/y μ ‘mu’ = Population Mean p /  = Sample/Pop. Proportion
∑ = Sum for each value s/sd = Sample Standard Dev. σ ‘sigma’ = Population Std. Dev.
| = near synonyms / = related or similar & = often used together

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