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Lecture 9A Generation With Limited Energy Supply Part 1

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67 views19 pages

Lecture 9A Generation With Limited Energy Supply Part 1

Uploaded by

Dr. Moh Doshan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 9A

Generation with Limited Energy Supply: Part 1


Gas Take or Pay, Coal plant scheduling using LP

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 1


Incorporating generators with hydro units on
river networks and fuel delivery networks
Schedule oil usage so as to
not empty storage tank until
new supplies are available

Schedule hydro to
avoid overflow of
reservoirs
© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 2
Take or Pay Gas Contract
• Purchase a specific number of cubic feet of
gas for a fix price
• Contract specifies a time period for the gas to
be taken
• If buyer does not take all the gas purchased
the unused gas remains with the seller.
• There is no refund for the unused gas.
• Summary: Buyer pays fixed amount for gas
whether it uses the gas or not.
© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 3
Take or pay example
The T generator is supplied
By a take-or-pay gas contract
Generators 1 to N do not have
Fuel supply restrictions.

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 4


Problem variables
Pij =Δ power from i th unit in the j th time interval

Fij =Δ $ / h cost for i th unit during the j th time interval

qTj =Δ fuel input for unit T in j th time interval

FTj =Δ $ / h cost for unit T in j th time interval

Ploadj =Δ total load in the j th time interval

n j =Δ Number of hours in the j th time interval

What is new?
Time step variables j= 1 … jmax
is the quantity of gas used
qTj j
By generator T in time step

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 5


Load versus Time
Pload MW

J=1 J=2 J=3 J=4 ... J=11

Hours

η =1

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 6


Basic optimization blocks
jmax  N  jmax
min ∑ n

 j ∑ F +∑ n F
ij  j Tj Minimize total cost
 
=j 1 = i 1 = j 1

jmax
φ
= ∑n q
j =1
j Tj − qTOT
= 0 Meet the gas consumption requirement

N
ψ j = Ploadj − ∑ Pij − PTj = 0 for j= 1… jmax Meet the load each time step
i =1

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 7


LaGrange Function

∂L dFik
=
0=
nk − λk for i =
1…N
∂Pik dPik
∂L dqTk
− λ k + γ nk
= =
0
∂PTk dPTk
γ has the units $/ton or $/bbl or $/cuft and therefore serves as a fuel price

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 8


Solution flowchart

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 9


Example of Take or Pay contract
Gas-fired plant T
H T ( PT =) 300 + 6.0 PT + 0.0025 PT2 MBtu / h
Fuel cost for gas =
2.0 $ / ccf (where 1 ccf =
103 ft 3 )
The gas is rated at 1100 Btu / ft 3
50 ≤ PT ≤ 400
Composite of remaining plants 1 … N is plant s
H s ( Ps=) 200 + 8.5 Ps + 0.002 Ps2 MBtu / h
Equivalent fuel cost =
0.6 $ / MBtu
50 ≤ Ps ≤ 500
Gas contract calls for the T plant to burn 40 million cuft of gas
Gas contract cost = 2$/1000cuft x 40 million cuft = $ 80,000
Use use six 4 hour time periods for a 24 hour day

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 10


Solution to Sample
Load for each 4 hour time period
Time Period Load
1. 0000–0400 400 MW
2. 0400–0800 650 MW
3. 0800–1200 800 MW
4. 1200–1600 500 MW
5. 1600–2000 200 MW
6. 2000–2400 300 MW

Optimum Economic Schedule


Optimal Schedule (Gas Constraints Met)
(Gas Constraints Ignored)
Time Period Ps PT
Time Period Ps PT
1 350 50 1 197.3 202.6

2 500 150 2 353.2 296.8

3 500 300 3 446.7 353.3

4 450 50 4 259.7 240.3

5 150 50 5 72.6 127.4


6 250 50 6 135.0 165.0

Uses 21.8 million cuft of gas


© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 11
Fuel Scheduling by Linear
Programming
• Linear cost function for each generator
• Load curve in blocks
• Fuel delivery to generating plants meets
schedule
• Fuel Storage volume at each generation plant
• Volume of storage at beginning is specified,
volume can be specified at the end
• Volume is limited at each plant
© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 12
Coal delivered to two power plants

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 13


Problem parameters
Load Generation
Week Load (MW) Heat Input Heat Input
Min Max at Min at Max
1 1200
Unit (MW) (MW) (MBtu/h) (MBtu/h)
2 1500
1 150 600 1620 5340
3 800
2 400 1000 3850 8750

H1 ( P1 )= 380.0 + 8.267 P1
H 2 ( P2 =) 583.3 + 8.167 P2

F1 ( P1 ) = 83, 269.2 + 1811P1 $ / wk


F2 ( P2 )= 127, 814.4 + 1789 P2 $ / wk
q1 ( P=
1 ) 2775.4 + 60.4 P1 tons / wk

q2 ( P=
2 ) 4260.5 + 59.7 P2 tons / wk

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 14


Constraints

Pgen = Pload each hour


P1 (1) + P2 (1) =
1200 Volume plus delivery minus generation
P1 (2) + P2 (2) =
1500 Equals the volume at start of next hour
P1 (3) + P2 (3) =
800 V1 (1) + D1 (1) − q1 (1) =
V1 (2)
Coal delivery schedules V2 (1) + D2 (1) − q2 (1) =
V2 (2)
V1 (2) + D1 (2) − q1 (2) =
V1 (3)
D1 (1) + D2 (1) =
40, 000
V2 (2) + D2 (2) − q2 (2) =
V2 (3)
D1 (2) + D2 (2) =
40, 000
V1 (3) + D1 (3) − q1 (3) =
V1 (4)
D1 (3) + D2 (3) =
40, 000 V2 (3) + D2 (3) − q2 (3) =
V2 (4)

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 15


Final linear constraints

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 16


LP tableau

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 17


LP Solution
Time Period V1 D1 P1 V2 D2 P2
1 70000.0 0 200 70000.0 40000.0 1000
2 55144.6 0 500 46039.5 40000.0 1000
3 22169.2 19013.5 150 22079.0 20986.5 650
4 29347.3

Optimum cost =
6, 913, 450.8 $

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of Minnesota 18


THANK YOU

© Bruce F. Wollenberg, University of


19
Minnesota

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