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Home / Tutorials / AVR/ 8051 / How to interface computers Serial Port Tutorial by
(RS232) with Atmel AT89S51/89S52 Microcontroller? Mepits

How to interface computers Serial Port (RS232) with Atmel

AT89S51/89S52 Microcontroller?

 20 April 2015  AVR/ 8051  Comments 1 likes 0 Follow 1 Shares

How to interface computers Sections

Serial Port (RS232) with

How to interface

computers Serial

Atmel AT89S51/89S52 Port (RS232) with

Microcontroller? Atmel

AT89S51/89S52
Atmel AT89S51/52 microcontroller has an integrated UART module for carrying serial
Microcontroller?
communication. Serial communication makes use of asynchronous mode of
operation. Serial port is defined as an interface between the PC and a device for
 Tags

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 transfer of data. AT89S51/52 with a serial port will allow reading and writing values to
UART
and from computer. Also note that the transfer of data through a serial port is bit by
bit. serial
communication

How to interface computers Serial Port (RS232) with Atmel 8051

AT89S51/89S52 Microcontroller? microcontroller
programming

Block Diagram serial reception

serial transmission

interfacing with
8051

microcontroller
8051

RS-232 8051

microcontroller

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                                                                                                             Block diagram showing Interfacing of 8051

Microcontroller with Serial Port

The block diagram consists of:

1. RS232
2. MAX232
3. AT89S51/52

RS232

DB-9 RS-232 is a serial I/O standard, used commonly in PCs and other devices.

                                   

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 MAX232

The output of RS232 is not compatible with the TTL. Inorder to connect RS232 to
AT89S51/52 microcontroller, a converter is required. Here we make use of MAX232.
This can convert the output of the microcontroller to the RS232 output level and vice
versa.  Usually, MAX232 consists of two line drivers for the transmission and reception
of data.

Atmel Microcontroller

AT89s51/52 uses SCON and SBUF registers for serial communication. SBUF is
basically a 8-bit serial communication register. For serial transmission of datas, the
data is first placed in SBUF . Also when a data is received serially, it comes in the SBUF
register.

Program

1. Serial Transmission

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                        Program to transmit the character 'B' serially

2. Serial Reception

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             Program to receive the character 'B' serially

Program Description
Serial communication between the computer and the microcontroller follows the
below steps:

Step1: Set the serial port mode.

Step2: Set the serial port baud rate.

Step3: Write and read serial port.

Step1

Inorder to configure the serial port, AT89S51/52 uses the SCON register. The SCON
register consists of the following registers as in the figure: In the program for serial
transmission and reception, SCON is entered with the value 0x40.

                              

BIT NAME EXPLANATION

7 SM0 Serial port mode bit0

6 SM1 Serial port mode bit1

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 5 SM2 Multiprocessor Communication Enable

4 REN Receiver Enable

3 TB8 Transmit Bit

2 RB8 Receiver Bit

1 TI Transmit Flag

0 RI Receive Flag

 
 

The bits SM0 and SM1 will determine the baud rate to be selected. Table below shows
how the baud rate is selected.

SM0 SM1 BAUD RATE EXPLANATION

0 0 8-bit shift register Oscillator Frequency/12

0 1 9 bit UART Set by Timer1

1 0 9 bit UART Oscillator Frequency/64

1 1 9 bit UART Set by Timer1

Step2

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 Baud Rate

Baud rate is defined as the rate at which the data is transferred in bits per second.
Usually for serial communication the baud rate is set according to SM0 and SM1. If the
value of SM0 and SM1 are “00” or “10”, then baud rate depends upon the oscillator
frequency. In other cases, the baud rate depends upon the Timer 1 of the
microcontroller.

The value that has to be placed in TH1 to generate the required baud rate depends
upon the following equation.

TH1 = 256 - ((Crystal / 384) / Baud)

In the program, TH1 is set to the value, 0xFD such that the baud rate is 9600bps
according to the above equation for a crystal frequency of 11.059MHz.

Step3

After step 1 and 2, the serial port can be used for transmission and reception of data.
Hyper terminal is used for the reception and transmission of data through RS232.

To open Hyper Terminal, go to Start Menu, Programs and Accessories.

Click Communications.
Select Hyper Terminal.
Go to File.
Click new connection.
Give name to connection.
Select Baud rate 9600bps.
Parity as none, Data bits 8, Flow control none Stop bit 1.

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 In the program of serial transmission, the letter ‘B’ is transmitted through SBUF of the
controller and is displayed on the hyper terminal of PC. While, in case of serial
reception, data is entered on the hyper terminal and it is serially received through the
SBUF of microcontroller. Inorder to view the output on the microcontroller, in case of
serial reception, LCD interfacing has to be done.

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