Scribd
Upload
66 views3 pages

Objective: Theory:: Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing, Jabalpur (M.P.)

The document discusses servo motors and their operation. It explains that servo motors precisely control rotational movement through feedback and can position an output shaft at specific angles or distances. Servo motors consist of an AC or DC motor, position sensor, gear assembly, and controller circuit. The controller compares feedback on the motor's position to a reference command and adjusts the motor's power to minimize any error. Common applications of servo motors include machine tools, remote control systems, autofocus cameras, and hard disk drives.

Uploaded by

Ansh Narula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
66 views3 pages

Objective: Theory:: Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing, Jabalpur (M.P.)

The document discusses servo motors and their operation. It explains that servo motors precisely control rotational movement through feedback and can position an output shaft at specific angles or distances. Servo motors consist of an AC or DC motor, position sensor, gear assembly, and controller circuit. The controller compares feedback on the motor's position to a reference command and adjusts the motor's power to minimize any error. Common applications of servo motors include machine tools, remote control systems, autofocus cameras, and hard disk drives.

Uploaded by

Ansh Narula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

PDPM

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,


DESIGN & MANUFACTURING, JABALPUR (M.P.)
Lab Manual #6

EC5: Control Systems

Objective: To study the servo mechanism and AC/DC servo motor.


Theory:
A servo motor is a self-contained electrical device that rotates parts of a machine with high
efficiency and great precision. The output shaft of this motor can be moved to a particular
angle, position, and velocity that a regular motor does not have. Usually, this type of motor
consists of a control circuit that provides feedback on the current position of the motor shaft,
and this feedback allows the servo motors to rotate with great precision. The motor is
controlled with an electric signal, either analog or digital, which determines the amount of
movement which represents the final command position for the shaft. If you want to rotate an
object at some specific angles or distance, you use a servo motor. It is just made up of a simple
motor which runs through a servo mechanism. If a DC power supply powers the motor, then
it is called DC servo motor, and if it is an AC-powered motor, it is called AC servo motor.

Working principle:
The working principle of a servo motor is based on the construction of four major
components:
(1) DC/AC motor,
(2) A position sensing device,
(3) A gear assembly,
(4) Controller circuit

Fig. 1 Major components of the servo mechanism


PDPM

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,


DESIGN & MANUFACTURING, JABALPUR (M.P.)
The systematic arrangement of these components is presented in Fig. 1. The desired speed
of the motor is based on the applied voltage. In order to control the motor speed/position, a
potentiometer produces a voltage that is applied as one of the inputs to the error amplifier.

In some circuits, a control pulse is used to produce DC reference voltage


corresponding to desired position or speed of the motor and it is applied to a pulse width
voltage converter. The pulse length decides the voltage applied at the error amplifier as the
desired voltage to produce the desired speed or position. For digital control, a PLC or other
motion controller is used for generating the pulses in terms of duty cycles to produce more
accurate control. A typical example of applied pulse modulated signal and corresponding
angular rotation is shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 The PWM signals for different angular rotation of shaft. (Source: https://circuitdigest.com/)

The feedback signal sensor is normally a potentiometer that produces a voltage


corresponding to the absolute angle of the motor shaft through the gear mechanism. A
scenario of the gear mechanism system is presented in Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 Gear mechanism in servo motor (Source: https://allaboutelectricalworld.com/)


PDPM

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,


DESIGN & MANUFACTURING, JABALPUR (M.P.)
The amplifier compares the voltage generated from the current position of the motor
resulting from the potentiometer feedback and to the desired position of the motor producing
an error either of a positive or negative voltage. This error voltage is applied to the armature
of the motor. As the error increases, so does the output voltage applied to the motor armature.
As long as an error exists, the comparator amplifier amplifies the error voltage and
correspondingly powers the armature. The motor rotates until the error becomes zero. If the
error is negative, the armature voltage reverses, and hence the armature rotates in the
opposite direction.

Applications:
1. servomechanisms are used in automatic machine tools, satellite-tracking antennas,
remote control airplanes, automatic navigation systems on boats and planes,
and antiaircraft-gun control systems.
2. The fly-by-wire systems in aircraft which use servos to actuate the aircraft's control
surfaces, and radio-controlled models which use RC servos for the same purpose.
3. Many autofocus cameras also use a servomechanism to move the lens accurately.
4. A hard disk drive has a magnetic servo system with sub-micrometer positioning
accuracy. In industrial machines, servos are used to perform complex motion in many
applications.

Observation Table:

S No. Set position in Set position Measured Measured Error Error


(0-360 degrees) in volts position in Position in degrees in volts
(0-360 degrees) in volts
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Comments on the observations:

You might also like