Chapter 7.

FLUID MECHANICS
A. Fluids at rest
1. All fluids are:
A. gases B. liquids C. gases or liquids D. non-metallic.
2. Three containers are filled with water to the same height and have
the same surface area at the base, but the total weight of water is
different for each (Fig. 9.1). In which container does the water exert
the greatest force on the bottom of the container?
(a) Container A. (b) Container B. Fig. 7.1 Problem 2
(c) Container C. (d) All three are equal.
3. One piston in a hydraulic lift has an area that is twice the area of the other. When the pressure
at the smaller piston is increased by ∆p the pressure at the larger piston:
A. increases by 2∆p B. increases by ∆p/2 C. increases by ∆p D. increases by 4∆p.
4. You hold a piece of wood in one hand and a piece of iron in the other. Both pieces have the
same volume, and you hold them fully under water at the same depth. At the moment you let go
of them, which one experiences the greater buoyancy force?
(a) The piece of wood.
(b) The piece of iron.
(c) They experience the same buoyancy force.
(d) More information is needed.
5. A hydraulic press has one piston of diameter 2.0 cm and the other piston of diameter 8.0 cm.
What force must be applied to the smaller piston to obtain a force of 1600 N at the larger piston:
A. 6.25 N B. 25 N C. 100 N D. 400 N.
6. Why does an ocean liner float?
(a) It is made of steel, which floats.
(b) Its very big size changes the way water supports it.
(c) It is held up in the water by large Styrofoam compartments.
(d) The average density of the ocean liner is less than that of seawater.
7. You put two ice cubes in a glass and fill the glass to the rim with water. As the ice melts, the
water level
(a) drops below the rim.
(b) rises and water spills out of the glass.
(c) remains the same.
(d) drops at first, then rises until a little water spills out.
8. Hot air is less dense than cold air. Could a hot-air balloon be flown on the Moon, where there
is no atmosphere?
(a) No, there is no cold air to displace, so no buoyancy force would exist.
(b) Yes, warm air always rises, especially in a weak gravitational field like that of the Moon.
(c) Yes, but the balloon would have to be filled with helium instead of hot air
(d) More information is needed
9. A piece of aluminum has density 2.70 g/cm 3 and mass 775 g. The aluminum is submerged in a
container of oil (oil’s density = 0.650 g/cm3). How much oil does the metal displace?
a. 287 cm3 b. 309 cm3 c. 232 cm3 d. 1125 cm3.
10. An open-ended U-tube of uniform cross-sectional area contains water
(density 1.0 gram/cm3) standing initially 20 cm from the bottom in each
arm. An immiscible liquid of density 4.0 gr/cm 3 is added to one arm until
a layer 5 cm high forms. What is the ratio h2/h1 of the heights of the liquid
in the two arms?
A. 3/1 B. 5/2
C. 2/1 D. 3/2
Fig. 7.2 Problem 10
B. Ideal fluid dynamics
1
11. The flow rate of a liquid through a 2.0-cm-radius pipe is 0.0080 m 3/s. The average fluid speed
in the pipe is:
a. 0.64 m/s b. 2.0 m/s c. 0.040 m/s d. 6.4 m/s.
12. An ideal fluid, of density 0.85×103 kg/m3, flows at 0.25 kg/s through a pipe of radius 0.010m.
What is the fluid speed?
a. 0.85 m/s b. 1.3 m/s c. 3.0 m/s d. 0.94 m/s.
13. As water flows from a low elevation to a higher elevation through a pipe that changes in
diameter,
(a) the water pressure will increase.
(b) the water pressure will decrease.
(c) the water pressure will stay the same.
(d) Need more information to determine how the water pressure changes.
14. Water is pumped into one end of a long pipe at the rate of 40 L/min. It emerges at the other
end at 24 L/min. A possible reason for this decrease in flow is:
A. the water is being pumped uphill
B. the water is being pumped downhill
C. the diameter of the pipe is not the same at the two ends
D. a leak in the pipe
15. Water flows in a horizontal pipe that is narrow but then widens and the speed of the water
becomes less. The pressure in the water moving in the pipe is
(a) greater in the wide part. (b) greater in the narrow part.
(c) the same in both parts. (d) greater where the speed is higher.
16. How is the smoke drawn up a chimney affected when a wind is blowing outside?
(a) Smoke rises more rapidly in the chimney. (b) Smoke rises more slowly in the chimney.
(c) Smoke is forced back down the chimney. (d) Smoke is unaffected
17. An ideal fluid flows through a pipe of circular cross section with
diameters 5 cm and 10 cm as shown. Te ratio of velocities of fluid at A
and B is
(a) 4 : 1 (b) 1 : 4 Fig. 7.3 Problem 17
(c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 2
18. Water flows from a 6.0-cm diameter pipe into an 8.0-cm diameter pipe. The speed in the 6.0-
cm pipe is 5.0 m/s. The speed in the 8-cm pipe is:
A. 2.8 m/s B. 3.7 m/s C. 6.6 m/s D. 8.8 m/s.
19. It takes 2.0 minutes to fill a gas tank with 40 liters of gasoline. If the pump nozzle is 1.0 cm in
radius, what is the average speed of the gasoline as it leaves the nozzle? (1 000 liters = one cubic
meter)
a. 0.27 m/s b. 1.1 m/s c. 11 m/s d. 64 m/s.
20. Water is being sprayed from a nozzle at the end of a garden hose of diameter 2.0 cm. If the
nozzle has an opening of diameter 0.50 cm, and if the water leaves the nozzle at a speed of 10 m/s,
what is the speed of the water inside the hose?
a. 0.63 m/s b. 0.80 m/s c. 2.5 m/s d. also 10 m/s.
21. If p, , g and h denote pressure, density, acceleration due to gravity and height, respectively.
p v2
In the case of flow of fluid,   h  u0 , where v denotes velocity. Mark the correct options
 g 2g
(a) The equation is dimensionally correct.
(b) If dimensions of u0 are [M0LT1], the equation is dimensionally correct.
p v2
(c) Dimensions of are same as that of .
g 2g
(d) None of the above.
22. Think of Bernoulli’s equation as it pertains to an ideal fluid flowing through a horizontal pipe.
Imagine that you take measurements along the pipe in the direction of fluid flow. What happens
2
to the sum of the pressure and energy per unit volume?
a. it increases as the pipe diameter increases
b. it decreases as the pipe diameter increases
c. it remains constant as the pipe diameter increases
d. no choices above are valid
23. Water (density = 1.0×103 kg/m3 ) flows through a horizontal tapered pipe. At the wide end its
speed is 4.0 m/s. The difference in pressure between the two ends is 4.5×10 3 Pa. The speed of the
water at the narrow end is
A. 2.6 m/s B. 3.4 m/s C. 4.0 m/s D. 5.0 m/s.
24. A person blows across the top of one arm of a U-tube partially filled with water. The water in
that arm:
A. rises slightly
B. drops slightly
C. remains at the same height
D. rises if the blowing is soft but drops if it is hard.
25. A fluid is drawn up through a tube as shown below. The atmospheric
pressure is the same at both ends. Use Bernoulli’s equation to determine
the speed of fluid flow out of the tank. If the height difference from the top
of the tank to the bottom of the siphon is 1.0 m, then the speed of outflow
is
a. 1.1 m/s b. 2.2 m/s
Fig. 7.4 Problem 25
c. 4.4 m/s d. 8.8 m/s.
26. A non-viscous incompressible fluid is pumped steadily into the narrow
end of a long tapered pipe and emerges from the wide end. The pressure at the input is greater than
at the output. A possible explanation is:
A. the fluid speed increases from input to output
B. the fluid speed is the same at the two ends
C. the fluid is flowing uphill
D. the fluid is flowing downhill

C. Real fluid dynamics

27. A system has basic dimensions as density [D], velocity [V] and area [A]. The dimensional
representation of force in this system is
(a) [AV2D] (b) [A2VD] (c) [AVD2] (d) [A0VD]
28. When a baseball curves to the right (a curveball), air is flowing
(a) faster over the left side than over the right side.
(b) faster over the right side than over the left side.
(c) faster over the top than underneath.
(d) at the same speed all around the baseball, but the ball curves as a result of the way the
wind is blowing on the field.