Multiple Choice Questions

Q.No Questions
A1 (i) As a result of aircraft pressurisation, the aircraft's hull will start to lengthen and expand similar to a
blown-up balloon. This is called longitudinal and hoop stresses respectively. State True or False.
a. True
b. False
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(ii) Which one of the following is not a part of wing loads?
a. Fuel and structural load
b. Loads from control surfaces
c. Loads due to pitching moment
d. Loads due to pressure distribution
e. Loads due to hoop stress
f. Concentrated shear load from engine mounts
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(iii) Which of the following is correct?
a. Factor of safety is provided to improve safety of an aircraft
b. Lift is always same as weight
c. Weight is never same as lift
d. Thrust required is same as weight always
e. Control surface induces different kind of loads and does not changes the magnitude and
position of existing loads
f. Load carried by landing gear is a part of air loads.
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(iv) Assertion (A) : The fuselage of an aircraft is subjected to hoop stress
Reason (R) : The cabin of aircrafts are pressurized to fly at high altitudes
a. Both A (Assertion) and R (Reason) are individually true and R is the correct
explanation of A
b. Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true
e. Both A and R are false
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])

Page 1 of 12
(v) The left engine of the aircraft shown in figure below is
failed in mid air and the thrust produced in the right
engine creates a greater yawing moment to the left. To
balance this effect the pilot controls the rudder to
maintain the direction of the flight. In this scenario, the
fuselage of the aircraft will be subjected to
a. axial loads
b. torsional loads
c. shear loads
d. bending loads
e. local pressure loads due to pressure distribution
in the wing
f. no additional loads
(1 Mark – [An/C,1])
(vi) Match the following.
S. Wind turbine Description Construction
No. type (B) (C)
(A)

Resists bending and

axial loads along with
1 Spars
the skin and available in
monocoque structures

Provides structural
2 Stringers
ingegrity for the fuselage

Forms the wing box for

3 Frames stable tortional
resistance

a. A1B2C3: A2B1C1: A3B3C2

b. A1B1C3: A2B3C2: A3B2C1
c. A1B3C2: A2B1C3: A3B2C1

Page 2 of 12
 d. A1B1C1: A2B2C2: A3B3C3
e. A1B3C1: A2B2C2: A3B1C3
f. A1B2C2: A2B1C3: A3B3C1
(3 Marks – [U/C,1])
(vii) Choose an appropriate incorrect option
a. At cruise, lift will be same as weight
b. Aerodynamic centre is located at quarter chord point for typical subsonic a/c
c. Lift is an example of Aerodynamic force
d. Air loads are the resultant of the pressure distribution over the surfaces
e. At any given time, an aircraft can only experience any one type of load
f. Wings, fuselage and tail plane are each subjected to bending, torsion and direct loads
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(viii) Aircraft wings are subjected to fluttering (oscillating) at cruise speeds and this problem has been of
great interest since early years of flight. It will lead to aerodynamic instability and life reduction of an
aircraft wing and its components. Which one of the following is correct to reduce the flutter
problem.
a. Increasing the wing span
b. Making the wing stiffer and lighter
c. Moving the center of cravity of the wing away from the center of the twist
d. Increasing the mass of the wing
e. Making the wing surface as highly smooth
f. Increasing the sweep angle of the wing
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])

Q.No Questions
A2 (i) A bending moment M is applied in a beam along in its plane of bending. As a result of the applied
moment, the top layer is compressed and the bottom layer is stretched as shown in figure 1. The
neutral layer is subjected to _________

Figure 1 Symmetrical bending

a. Tension
b. Compression
c. Either tension or compression
d. Neither tension nor compression
e. Axial pull

Page 3 of 12
 f. Shear force
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(ii) For the beam shown in figure 1, the position of the neutral axis will be ______
a. at the top layer
b. at the top layer
c. at the mid point of the cross section
d. above the mid point of the cross section
e. below the mid point of the cross section
f. either above or below the mid point of the cross section
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(iii) Neutral axis of a beam always coincides with _____ for any cross section.
a. axis passing through the bottom of the beam
b. axis passing through the mid point of the height
c. axis passing through centriod of the cross section
d. axis passing through the top of the beam
rd
e. axis passing through 1/3 of the height
rd
f. axis passing through 2/3 of the height
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(iv) Assertion (A) : By the changing the magnitude of the bending moment (in figure 1) the position of
the neutral axis shifts upward or downwards.
Reason (R) : The position of the neutral axis for symmetrical bending depends on the cross section
shape of the beam
a. Both A (Assertion) and R (Reason) are individually true and R is the correct explanation of
A
b. Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true
e. Both A and R are false
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(v) A rectangular beam is subjected to a negative bending moment (as shown in figure 1) along its
2
plane of bending and the bending stress developed on the top surface is 20 N/mm . What will be
the bending stress on the bottom surface
2
a. 20 N/mm
2
b. - 20 N/mm
c. 0
2
d. 40 N/mm
2
e. - 40 N/mm
f. infinity
(1 Mark – [An/C,1])
(vi) Two rectangular beams have same cross sectional shape, same material, same width and height.
But the span of the second beam is twice of the first beam. If both the beams are simply supported

Page 4 of 12
 and a point load of W is applied at the mid span, which one of the following remains same for both
beams?
a. Position of the neutral axis
b. Bending moment
c. Bending stress at the top surface
d. Bending stress at the bottom surface
e. Reaction forces at the two supports
f. Deflection of the beam
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(vii) Two rectangular beams have same cross sectional shape, same material, and same length. But the
height of the second beam is twice of the first beam. If both the beams are simply supported and a
point load of W is applied at the mid span, which one of the following remains same for both
beams?
a. Bending stress at the top surface
b. Bending stress at the bottom surface
c. Moment of inertia
d. Deflection of the beam
e. Bending moment
f. Section modulus
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(viii) Assertion (A) : For the beam shown in figure 1 and subjected to a bending moment M, the bending
stress at the neutral axis is zero
Reason (R) : Neutral axis neither contracts nor extends due to applied bending moment
a. Both A (Assertion) and R (Reason) are individually true and R is the correct
explanation of A
b. Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true
e. Both A and R are false
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(ix) For the beam shown in figure 1, if the direction of the applied bending moment is reversed, what
will be the effect of bending stresses in each point of the section comparing to the previous bending
moment?
a. Remains same in mantitude and direction
b. Magnitude changes with no change in sign
c. Changes its sign with no change in magnitude
d. Changes its both sign and magnitude
e. Becomes zero
f. Remains same in all points of the beam
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(x) When a beam is subjected to simple bending, the modulus of elasticity is in both tension and
compression for the material. State True or False.

Page 5 of 12
 a. True
b. False
1 Mark – [U/C,1])

Q.No Questions
A3 (i) Which one of the following configuration and loading condition produces unsymmetrical bending?

Figure 1 Bending of beams

a. Figure (a)
b. Figure (b)
c. Figure (c)
d. Figure (d)
e. Figure (e)
f. Figure (f)
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(ii) Doubly symmetrical sections like I-Section, rectangular sections and circular section will also
produce unsymmetrical bending if the load line is inclined to both the axes. State True or False.
a. True
b. False
False (1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(iii) The lift distribution for an aircraft wing is the resultant of pressure variation between the upper and
lower surface of the wing and it is shown in figure below. Due to this the wing is subjected to
__________

Page 6 of 12
 Figure 2. Lift distribution for a wing
a. Positive bending about about lateral axis
b. Negative bending about about lateral axis
c. Positive bending about about longitudinal axis
d. Negative bending about about longitudinal axis
e. Positive bending about about vertical axis
f. Negative bending about about vertical axis
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(iv) Assume that the wing spar is made up of I-section and it is subjected to bending on a vertical plane
2
due to lift as shown in figure 2. The maximum bending stress developed is 78 N/mm . Which one of
the following bending stress distribution diagrams is the best match for the above condition?

a. Figure (a)
b. Figure (b)
c. Figure (c)
d. Figure (d)
e. Figure (e)
f. Figure (f)
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(v) Due to sudden gust loads, the aircraft wing tends to bend downwards. Assume that the wing spar is
made up of I-section and it is subjected to bending on a vertical plane. The maximum bending
2
stress developed is assumed as 78 N/mm . Which one of the following bending stress distribution
diagrams is the best match for the above condition?

Page 7 of 12
 a. Figure (a)
b. Figure (b)
c. Figure (c)
d. Figure (d)
e. Figure (e)
f. Figure (f)
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(vi) Which one of the following figures is correct in positive directions and senses for the loads and
moments applied externally to a beam?

a. Figure (a)
b. Figure (b)
c. Figure (c)
d. Figure (d)
e. Figure (e)
f. Figure (f)
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(vii) Match the following.
S. Wind turbine Description Significance
No. type (B) (C)

Page 8 of 12
 (A)

It may be positive, negative or

Moment of Moment of inertia about zero depending upon the section
1
inertia principal axis and coordinate axis. For
symmetrical sections it is zero
It describes how difficult Calculated for unsymmetrical
Principal
the object change its sections in such a way that the
2 moment of
angular motion about an product of inertia is zero
inertia
axis
It has been measured in
Product of It is a measure of horizontal and vertical axis
3
inertia symmetry passing through the centroid and
the will never be zero

a. A1B2C3: A2B1C1: A3B3C2

b. A1B1C3: A2B3C2: A3B2C1
c. A1B3C2: A2B1C3: A3B2C1
d. A1B1C1: A2B2C2: A3B3C3
e. A1B2C3: A2B1C2: A3B3C1
f. A1B3C2: A2B1C1: A3B2C3
(3 Marks – [U/C,1])
(viii) Assertion (A) : For unsymmetrical beam sections, the simple bending formula could not be used.
Reason (R) : For unsymmetrical beam section product of inertia is not zero.
a. Both A (Assertion) and R (Reason) are individually true and R is the correct explanation of
A
b. Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true
e. Both A and R are false
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])

Q.No Questions
A4 (i) Figure 1 (a) shows the bending stress distribution for an angle section. For this case, for which type
of loading in figure 1(b) the beam will undergo bending stresses as shown in figure 1(a).

Page 9 of 12
 Figure 1a - Channel section

a. Figure (a)
b. Figure (b)
c. Figure (c)
d. Figure (d)
e. Figure (e)
f. Figure (f)
(1 Mark – [An/C,1])
(ii) For the angle section shown in figure 1(a), simple bending formula for symmetrical section can be
used for finding the bending stress distribution. State True or False.
a. True
b. False
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])

Page 10 of 12
(iii) For the angle section shown in figure 1(a), which method is employed to draw the shear stress
distribution?
a. Simple bending equation
b. Neutral axis method
c. Principal axes method
d. K - method
e. Gerard method
f. Castigliano’s method
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(iv) For the section shown in figure 1 (a), the axis U-U and V-V denotes _______
a. Neutral axis
b. Coordinate axis
c. Centroidal axis
d. Principal axes
e. Symmetrical axis
f. Flexural axis
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(v) If the direction of the applied bending moment in figure 1 (a) is reversed
a. The position of principal axes changes
b. The moment of inertia about coordinates axis (Ixx and Iyy) changes its sign
c. The bending stress changes its sign
d. The principal moment of inertia changes its sign
e. The principal moment of inertia changes its sign and magnitude
f. The moment of inertia about coordinates axis changes its sign and magnitude
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(vi) The beam in figure 1 (a) is subjected to a positive bending moment of My acting on the horizontal
plane and the bending moment on the vertical plane Mx = 0. For this condition which one of the
following statement is false?
a. The product of inertia about the coordinate axes (Ixy) will not be zero
b. The bending moment along U-U or V-V axis is zero
c. The product of inertia about the principal axis (Iuv) will be zero
d. Sum of moment of inertia along coordinate axes (Ixx + Iyy) is equal to Sum of moment of
inertia along principal axes (Iuu + Ivv)
e. The bending moments along the principal axes will not be zero
f. The principal axes wil not coincide with the centroidal coordinate axis
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(vii) Assume that the angle of inclination of principal axes relative to the X-X axis is – 60 degree and 30
degree. This angle could be varied by changing ____
a. The dimensions of the flange
b. The magnitude of the applied bending moment
c. The direction of the applied bending moment

Page 11 of 12
 d. The material of the object
e. The magnitude of applied load
f. The direction of applied load
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(viii) The product of inertia about the U-U and V-V axis in figure 1(a) is ____
a. zero
b. unity
c. positive
d. negative
e. either positive or negative
f. infinity
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])
(ix) The beam shown in figure 1 (a) fails at a parlicular loading condition. Which one of the following is
not a possible way to increase the strength of the beam without changing the material?
a. Changing the length of the angle sections
b. Changing the height of the angle sections
c. Changing the thickness of the angle sections
d. Changing the direction of loading
e. Increasing the area of weaker zones
f. changing the cross sectional area of the beam
(1 Mark – [An/C,1])
(x) Assume that the bending stress for the beam shown in figure 1 (a) is found by using neutral axis
method. The inclination of neutral axis change with the magnitude of applied load. State true or
false
a. True
b. False
(1 Mark – [U/C,1])

Page 12 of 12