SECTION 2

STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Time—25 minutes
(including the reading of the directions)
Now set your clock for 25 minutes.
This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is
appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this
section, with special directions for each type.
Structure

Directions: These questions are incomplete sentences. Beneath each

sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D).
Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on
your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Look at the following examples.

Example 1 Sample Answer

The president ______ the election by a landslide.

(A) won
(B) he won
(C) yesterday
(D) fortunately

The sentence should read, “The president won the election by a landslide.”
Therefore, you should choose answer (A).

Example II Sample Answer

When _____ the conference?

(A) the doctor attended
(B) did the doctor attend
(C) the doctor will attend
(D) the doctor’s attendance

The sentence should read, “When did the doctor attend the conference?”
Therefore, you should choose answer (B). Now begin work on the questions.

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 1. In the early 1900s, Eastman 6. _____ in the United States
_____ inexpensive Brownie box spends 900 hours per year in
cameras. class and 1,170 hours in front of
(A) it developed the television.
(B) it was developed (A) The average third-grader
(C) developed (B) The third grade is average
(D) developing (C) There are three grades
(D) Three average grades
2. _____ the discovery of the
fossilized remnants of tides in 7. Researchers have begun
one-billion-year-old rocks. studying what _____ is on
(A) Geological reports human circadian rhythms.
(B) Geologists report (A) it is the effect of light
(C) The reports of geologists (B) the light affects
(D) Geologists’ reports (C) is affecting the light
(D) the effect of light
3. The Brooklyn Bridge _____ took
8. If calcium oxide remains
thirteen years to complete. exposed to air, _____ to calcium
(A) in New York carbonate.
(B) is in New York (A) turning
(C) it is in New York (B) turns
(D) which New York (C) it turns
(D) the turn
4. Genes control all of the physical
_____ we inherit. 9. Some early batteries used
(A) that traits concentrated nitric acid, ____
(B) that are traits gave off poisonous fumes.
(C) traits that (A) they
(D) traits are that (B) then they
(C) but they
5. Indigo can be extracted from a (D) but they had
plant, and then _____ to dye
cloth blue. 10.The sound produced by an
object ______ in a periodic way
(A) it
involves more than the simple
(B) using sine wave.
(C) using it (A) it vibrates
(D) it can be used (B) vibrating
(C) is vibrating
(D) vibrates

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11.Prior to the discovery of 15.A yacht is steered with a rudder,
anesthetics in 1846, surgery was _____ the flow of water that
done _____ was still conscious. passes the hull.
(A) while the patient (A) which deflecting
(B) the patient felt (B) deflects
(C) during the patient’s (C) it deflects
(D) while patiently (D) which deflects

12. The drastic decline of the beaver 16.For top speed and sudden
helps to illustrate what _____ to acceleration, the accelerator
the ecosystems of the North pump feeds additional gasoline
American continent. from the float chamber into
(A) happening _____ above the venturi tube.
(B) the happening (A) the air flows
(C) has happened (B) the air flow
(D) about happening (C) the air is flowing
(D) flows the aiR
13.The use of shorthand died out in
the Middle Ages because of
_____ with witchcraft.
(A) the association was
imagined
(B) associate the imagination
(C) imagine the association
(D) the imagined association

Written Expression

Directions: In these questions, each sentence has four underlined words or

phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and
(D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for
the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the
question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have
chosen.

Look at the following examples.

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 Example I Sample Answer

The four string on a violin are tuned in fifths.

A B C D

The sentence should read, “The four strings on a violin are tuned in fifths.”
Therefore, you should choose answer (B).

Example II Sample Answer

The research for the book Roots taking Alex Haley twelve years
A B C D

The sentence should read, “The research for the book Roots took Alex Haley twelve
years.” Therefore, you should choose answer (C).

16. In 1732, coach travelers could got from New York to Philadelphia in about
A B C
two days.
D

17. Some of the District of Columbia are on low-lying, marshy ground.

A B C D

18. Georgia’s economy is based main on agriculture.

A B C D

19. The Paul Revere House was built in 1676, and today its the oldest wooden
A B C D
building in Boston.

20. Conifers such as cedars, firs, and pines bear its seeds in cones.
A B C D

21. A dome is a semispherical structures on top of a building.

A B C D

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22. Succulents suck up water in just a few hour, but they can store it in
A B C
their stems for months.
D

23. Flying buttresses enabled builders to put up tall but thinnest stone walls.
A B C D

24. Weather forecasters monitor barometric pressures and record they on

A B C
charts as isobars.
D

25. In many languages the forms of a word varies to express such contrasts as
A B C
number, gender, and tense.
D

26. A Milky Way object that erupted in the constellation Scorpius has provides
A B
information to astronomers since July.
C D

27. Much fossils are found in coal-bearing rocks.

A B C D

28. When salt is added to ice, this mixture becomes coldly enough to freeze ice
A B C D
cream.

29. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Long Island was chiefly an
A B
agricultural region with fishing, whaling, and build ships as the important
C D
industries.

30. No one who has studied the Battle of Little Bighorn know the exact route
A B
that Custer and his detachment took.
C D

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31. The folktales which the brothers Grimm had collecting were translated into
A B C
English in 1823.
D

32. In our solar system, nine planets, fifty-seven moons, several dozen comets,
A B
several million asteroids, and billions of meteorites have so far been
C
discover.
D

33. From the 1 850s until after the turn of the century, many of America’s
A
super-rich families made Newport his favorite summer resort.
B C D

34. Mars may looks red because it is covered with a layer of soft red iron
A B C D
oxide.

35. The radioactive substances that pose the greatest harm to humanity have
A
neither very short or very long half lives.
B C D

36. A robin cocks its head to peer at a worm with one eyes and not to hear it, as
A B C
was once thought.
D

37. Film sound is often record by an analog system which like the compact disc,
A B C
uses light.
D

38. The scribes of the Middle Ages used quill pens to produce their high
A B C D
decorated manuscripts.

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39. The principles of physics described by Christian Doppler in 1842 for the
A
movement of stars has been adapted to evaluate the movement of blood
B C D
within the heart.

40. The Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft were the first vehicles of humankind to
A B
venture beyond the limits of ours solar system.
C D

This is the end of the Structure and Written Expression

If you finish in less than 25 minutes,

Check your work on Section 2 only.
Do NOT read or work on any other section of the test.

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