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Fuzzy Relation and Composition

This document discusses fuzzy relations and composition. It begins by outlining key topics like crisp vs fuzzy relations, composition and decomposition of relations, projection and cylindrical extension of relations, and extension of fuzzy sets and relations. It then provides examples and explanations of different representation methods for fuzzy relations using matrices, bipartite graphs and digraphs. It also explains operations on fuzzy relations like union, intersection, complement and max-min composition. Finally, it covers the projection, cylindrical extension and decomposition of relations as well as the extension of fuzzy sets.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
310 views66 pages

Fuzzy Relation and Composition

This document discusses fuzzy relations and composition. It begins by outlining key topics like crisp vs fuzzy relations, composition and decomposition of relations, projection and cylindrical extension of relations, and extension of fuzzy sets and relations. It then provides examples and explanations of different representation methods for fuzzy relations using matrices, bipartite graphs and digraphs. It also explains operations on fuzzy relations like union, intersection, complement and max-min composition. Finally, it covers the projection, cylindrical extension and decomposition of relations as well as the extension of fuzzy sets.

Uploaded by

ljjb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FUZZY RELATION AND

COMPOSITION
Outline
• Product set
• Crisp / fuzzy relations
• Composition / decomposition
• Projection / cylindrical extension
• Extension of fuzzy set / fuzzy relation
• Fuzzy distance between fuzzy sets

2
Product set

3
Product set

4
Product set
• A={a1,a2} B={b1,b2} C={c1,c2}

• AxBxC =
{(a1,b1,c1),(a1,b1,c2),(a1,b2,c1),(a1,b2,c2),(a
2,b1,c1),(a2,b1,c2),(a2,b2,c1), (a2,b2,c2)}

5
Crisp relation
• A relation among crisp sets A1 , A2 , , An is a
subset of the Cartesian product. It is denoted
by R .
R  A1  A2   An

• Using the membership function defines the


crisp relation R :
1 iff (x1 , x2 , ..., xn )  R,
 R ( x1 , x2 , ,xn ) = 
0 otherwise
where x1  A1 , x2  A2 ,..., xn  An 6
Fuzzy relation
• A fuzzy relation is a fuzzy set defined on the
Cartesian product of crisp sets A1, A2, ..., An
where tuples (x1, x2, ..., xn) may have varying
degrees of membership within the relation.
• The membership grade indicates the strength
of the relation present between the elements of
the tuple.
 R : A1  A2  ...  An → [0,1]
R = (( x1 , x2 ,..., xn ),  R ) |  R ( x1 , x2 ,..., xn )  0, x1  A1 , x2  A2 ,..., xn  An 
7
Representation methods
• Bipartigraph

(Crisp) (Fuzzy)

8
Representation methods
• Matrix

B B
y1 y2 y3 y4 y1 y2 y3 y4
x1 x1
x2 x2
x3 x3
x4 x4
(Crisp) (Fuzzy)

9
Representation methods
• Digraph

(Crisp) (Fuzzy)

10
Domain and range of fuzzy relation
• Domain: dom ( R ) ( x) = max
yB
 R ( x, y )
• Range : ran ( R ) ( y ) = max  R ( x, y )
xA

domain range 11
Domain and range of fuzzy relation
• Fuzzy matrix

dom ( R ) ( x1 ) = 1.0
dom ( R ) ( x2 ) = 0.4
dom ( R ) ( x3 ) = 1.0
dom ( R ) ( x4 ) = 1.0
dom ( R ) ( x5 ) = 0.5
dom ( R ) ( x6 ) = 0.2

12
Operations on fuzzy matrices
• Sum: A + B = max[aij , bij ]

• Example

13
Operations on fuzzy matrices
• Max product: C = A・B=AB=
• Example

C12 = ?
14
Max product
• Example

C12 = 0.1
15
Max product
• Example

C13 = 0.5
16
Max product
• Example

C=

17
Operations on fuzzy matrices
• Scalar product:  A where 0    1

• Example

a b c
a 0.1 0.25 0.0
0.5 A = b 0.2 0.5 0.05
c 0.0 0.5 0.0 18
Operations on fuzzy relations
• Union relation
( x, y )  A  B
 R S ( x, y ) = max(  R ( x, y ),  s ( x, y ))
=  R ( x, y )   s ( x, y )

• For n relations
( x, y )  A  B
 R  R ... R ( x, y) =   R ( x, y)
1 2 n i
Ri

19
Union relation
• Example

20
Operations on fuzzy relations
• Intersection relation
( x, y )  A  B
 R S ( x, y ) = min(  R ( x, y ),  s ( x, y ))
=  R ( x, y )   s ( x, y )

• For n relations
( x, y )  A  B
 R  R ... R ( x, y) =   R ( x, y)
1 2 n i
Ri

21
Intersection relation
• Example

22
Operations on fuzzy relations
• Complement relation:
( x, y )  A  B
 R ( x, y ) = 1 −  R ( x, y )

• Example

23
Composition of fuzzy relations
• Max-min composition
( x, y )  A  B, ( y, z )  B  C
 S R ( x, z ) = max[min(  R ( x, y ),  S ( y, z ))]
y

= [  R ( x, y )   S ( y, z )]
y

• Example

24
Composition of fuzzy relations

25
Composition of fuzzy relations
• Example

S R (1,  ) = max[min(0.1, 0.9), min(0.2, 0.2), min(0.0, 0.8), min(1.0, 0.4)]


= max[0.1, 0.2, 0.0, 0.4] = 0.4

26
Composition of fuzzy relations
• Example

S R (1,  ) = max[min(0.1, 0.0), min(0.2,1.0), min(0.0, 0.0), min(1.0, 0.2)]


= max[0.0, 0.2, 0.0, 0.2] = 0.2

27
Composition of fuzzy relations

28
α-cut of fuzzy relation

• Example

29
α-cut of fuzzy relation

30
Decomposition of relation

31
Decomposition of relation

0.9 0.4 0.0


0.0 1.0 0.4
MR =
0.0 0.7 1.0
0.4 0.0 0.0 32
Decomposition of relation

0.9 0.4 0.0

MR =
0.0 1.0 0.4

0.0 0.7 1.0
0.4 0.0 0.0

33
Projection / cylindrical extension

34
Projection / cylindrical extension

dom ( R ) ( x) = max  R ( x, y )
yB

ran ( R ) ( y ) = max  R ( x, y )
xA 35
Projection in n dimension

36
Projection

37
Projection

38
Projection

max(0.4, 0.5) = 0.5

max(0.2, 0.1) = 0.2

39
Projection

40
Projection / cylindrical extension

41
Cylindrical extension

42
Cylindrical extension

C ( R ) ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) =  R ( x3 )
3

C ( R ) (0, 0, 0) =  R (0) = 1.0


3

C ( R ) (0,1, 0) =  R (0) = 1.0


3

C ( R ) (1, 0, 0) =  R (0) = 1.0


3

C ( R ) (1,1, 0) =  R (0) = 1.0


3

43
Cylindrical extension

• x1 = 0 : x,x1 = 1 : y
• x2 = 0 : a, x2 = 1 : b
• x3 = 0 : α, x3 = 1 : β

44
Cylindrical extension
(x1 x2 x3) R123 R12 R23 R123' R123'' R123'''
000 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9
001 0.0 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7
010 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
011 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0
100 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
101 0.7 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.7
110 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0
111 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

• Join(R123’,R123’’) = C(R123’)∩C(R123’’)
= Min(R123’,R123’’)
= R123’’’

45
Extension of fuzzy set
A crisp function f : X → Y
f ( A) = { y | y = f ( x), x  A}
f ( B ) = {x | f ( x)  B}

Let A = {a1, a 2, a 3} B = {b1, b 2} then


f : a1 → b1
f : a 2 → b2
f : a 3 → b3
46
Extension of fuzzy set
There are two universal sets
X = {x1, x 2,..., xn}
Y = { y1, y 2,..., yn}
And A  X , B  Y
A = {( x1,1), ( x 2,1), ( x3,1)}
R = {(( x1, y1),1), (( x 2, y 2),1), (( x 3, y 2),1)}
We can obtain B by A and R, use
 ( y ) = Max[min(  ( x), R ( x, y ))], x  A, y  B
47
Extension of fuzzy set
By  ( y ) = Max[min(  ( x), R ( x, y ))], x  A, y  B

 ( y1) = Max[min(  ( x1), R ( x1, y1))] = max[min(1,1)] = 1

 ( y 2) = Max[min(  ( x 2), R ( x 2, y 2)), min(  ( x3), R ( x3, y 2))]


= max[min(1,1), min(1,1)] = 1

get B = {( y1,1), ( y 2,1)}

48
Extension of fuzzy set
If A is a fuzzy set A = {( x1,0.2), ( x 2,0.7), ( x3,0.6)}
and R is R = {(( x1, y1),1), (( x 2, y 2),1), (( x3, y 2),1)}

We can also get B by A an R, use


 ( y ) = Max[min(  ( x), R ( x, y ))], x  X , y  Y

49
Extension of fuzzy set
By use
 ( y ) = Max[min(  ( x), R ( x, y ))], x  X , y  Y
 ( y1) = Max[min(  ( x1), R ( x1, y1))] = Max[min(0.2,1)] = 0.2

 ( y 2) = Max[min(  ( x 2), R ( x 2, y 2)), min(  ( x3), R ( x3, y 2))]


= Max[min(0.7,1), min( 0.6,1)] = 0.7

so we can get B = {( y1,0.2), ( y 2,0.7)}

50
Extension of fuzzy set
If A is a fuzzy set A = {( x1,0.2), ( x 2,0.7), ( x3,0.6)}
and R is a fuzzy relation
R = {(( x1, y1),0.5), (( x 2, y 2),0.4), (( x 3, y 2),0.9)}

We can get B by using


 ( y ) = Max[min(  ( x), R ( x, y ))], x  X , y  Y

51
Extension of fuzzy set
By  ( y ) = Max[min(  ( x), R ( x, y ))], x  X , y  Y

 ( y1) = Max[min(  ( x1), R ( x1, y1))] = Max[min(0.2,0.5)] = 0.2

 ( y 2) = Max[min(  ( x 2), R ( x 2, y 2)), min(  ( x3), R ( x3, y 2))]


= Max[min(0.7,0.4), min( 0.6,0.9)] = 0.6

so we can get B = {( y1,0.2), ( y 2,0.6)}

52
Extension of fuzzy set

Extension of a crisp relation 53


Extension of fuzzy set

54
Extension by fuzzy relation

55
Extension by fuzzy relation

56
Extension by fuzzy relation

MR2

57
Extension by fuzzy relation

MR2

 B ' (b1 ) = max[min(0.8, 0.3), min(0.3, 0.8)] = 0.3


 B ' (b2 ) = max[min(0.8,1.0), min(0.3, 0.0)] = 0.8
 B ' (b3 ) = max[min(0.8, 0.0), min(0.3, 0.0)] = 0.0 58
Extension by fuzzy relation

B ' = {(b1 , 0.3), (b2 , 0.8), (b3 , 0.0)}

MR2

C ' (c1 ) = max[min(0.3, 0.7), min(0.8, 0.2), min(0.0, 0.0)] = 0.3


C ' (c2 ) = max[min(0.3, 0.4), min(0.8, 0.0), min(0.0, 0.3)] = 0.3
C ' (c3 ) = max[min(0.3,1.0), min(0.8, 0.3), min(0.0, 0.9)] = 0.8
59
Extension by fuzzy relation

60
Fuzzy distance between fuzzy sets

nonnegative

61
Fuzzy distance between fuzzy sets

62
Fuzzy distance between fuzzy sets

63
Fuzzy distance between fuzzy sets

64
Fuzzy distance between fuzzy sets

65
Thanks for your attention!

66

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