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    Chemical Reactions & Balancing of Chemical Equations Equations

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    José Sierra
    The document discusses chemical reactions and balancing chemical equations. It defines chemical reactions as processes that transform one set of chemical substances into another through chemical change. A balanced chemical equation represents reactants and products with coefficients to show that the same number and type of atoms are on both sides. The document also categorizes different types of chemical reactions and provides examples to illustrate concepts like combination, decomposition, displacement and redox reactions.

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    Chemical Reactions & Balancing of Chemical Equations Equations

    Uploaded by

    José Sierra
    27 views47 pages
    The document discusses chemical reactions and balancing chemical equations. It defines chemical reactions as processes that transform one set of chemical substances into another through chemical change. A balanced chemical equation represents reactants and products with coefficients to show that the same number and type of atoms are on both sides. The document also categorizes different types of chemical reactions and provides examples to illustrate concepts like combination, decomposition, displacement and redox reactions.

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    The document discusses chemical reactions and balancing chemical equations. It defines chemical reactions as processes that transform one set of chemical substances into another through chemical change. A balanced chemical equation represents reactants and products with coefficients to show that the same number and type of atoms are on both sides. The document also categorizes different types of chemical reactions and provides examples to illustrate concepts like combination, decomposition, displacement and redox reactions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views47 pages

    Chemical Reactions & Balancing of Chemical Equations Equations

    Uploaded by

    José Sierra
    The document discusses chemical reactions and balancing chemical equations. It defines chemical reactions as processes that transform one set of chemical substances into another through chemical change. A balanced chemical equation represents reactants and products with coefficients to show that the same number and type of atoms are on both sides. The document also categorizes different types of chemical reactions and provides examples to illustrate concepts like combination, decomposition, displacement and redox reactions.

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    of 47

    CHEMICAL REACTIONS &

    BALANCING OF CHEMICAL
    EQUATIONS

    vikasana
    CHEMICAL REACTION
     Matter can combine or break apart to
    produce new types of matter.
     When this occurs it is said that matter
    has under gone a chemical reaction.

    vikasana
    Chemical Reactions - continued
     A chemical reaction is a process
    that leads to the transformation of
    one set of chemical substances to
    another.
     Chemical reactions are associated
    with chemical change.

    vikasana
    Chemical reactions- continued
     Whenever a chemical change
    occurs, chemical reaction is said to
    takes place.
     A chemical change is a permanent
    change in which the chemical
    composition of the substance
    changes.
    vikasana
    Evidence for chemical reactions
     If any one of these four things
    occur a chemical reaction has
    occurred.
    * Change in Color.
    * Evolution of Gas.
    * Change in Temperature.
    * Change in State.
    vikasana
    CHEMICAL EQUATION
     A chemical equation is a short
    scientific representation of a
    chemical reaction by using the
    Symbols or Formulae of the
    substances involved in the reaction.
     Chemical equation is the simplest
    form of description of a chemical
    reaction . vikasana
    Representation of chemical
    equations
     Reactants are written on the left side
    and products are written on the right
    side.

    vikasana
    * Reactants are the substances
    present before the chemical
    reaction.
    * Products are the substances
    formed after the chemical reaction.

    vikasana
     An arrow (→) is placed between
    them to show the direction of
    reaction.

     Coefficients indicates how many


    molecules participate in the
    reaction.
    vikasana
    Example
    Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to
    form water.
    Coefficients

    2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
    Reactants Product
    vikasana
    COMMON SYMBOLS USED
    IN CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

    vikasana
    SYMBOLS MEANING
    Read plus or and. Used between
    + two formulas to indicate reactants
    combined or products formed.
    → Read yields or produces. Used to
    separate reactants from products.
    Read solid.
    (s) Written after the symbol or formula
    to indicate that physical state of
    the substance is Solid.
    vikasana
    SYMBOLS MEANING
    Read liquid. Written after the symbol
    (l) or formula to indicate that physical
    state of the substance is liquid.
    Read gas. Written after the symbol or
    (g) formula to indicate that physical state
    of the substance is gaseous.
    Read aqueous. Written after the
    (aq) symbol or formula to indicate that the
    substance isvikasana
    dissolved in water.
    Example
    Magnesium reacts with oxygen to
    form Magnesium Oxide.

    2Mg (s) + O2 (g) → 2MgO (s)


    vikasana
    Burning of Magnesium ribbon in air

    vikasana
    Symbols used
    * The gaseous products are indicated
    by writing a vertical arrow mark
    pointing upward (↑) after its formula.
    * If a precipitate is formed in the
    reaction then it is indicated by writing
    a vertical arrow mark pointing
    downward (↓) after its formula.
    vikasana
    Example
     Limestone decomposes on heating
    to give Calcium oxide and Carbon
    dioxide gas.

    CaCO3(s)→ CaO (s) + CO2↑(g)


    Reactant Products
    vikasana
    Example
     When silver nitrate solution is added
    to sodium chloride solution, an
    insoluble silver chloride separates
    out.
    AgNO3(aq)+NaCl(aq)→AgCl↓(s)+NaNO3(aq)
    Reactants Products

    vikasana
    vikasana
    Balanced Chemical Equation
     According to the law of conservation
    of mass, in a chemical reaction, the
    mass of the products equals to the
    mass of the reactants.
     Total mass must be equal on both
    sides of the chemical equation. That
    type of equation is known as a
    Balanced equation.
    vikasana
    UNBALANCED EQUATION

    BALANCED EQUATION

    H=2
    2H2+O2→2H2O
    H=2 O=1
    O=2
    H=4 H=4
    O=2 O=2

    vikasana
    Balancing of Chemical Equation
     The process of equalizing the number of
    atoms present in the molecules of
    reactants & products is called Balancing
    of chemical equation.
     Different methods of balancing the
    equation:
    1. Trial & error method.
    2. Oxidation number method.
    vikasana
    Balancing of chemmical equations by
    Trial & Error method
     Write the unbalanced chemical
    equation.
     Count the number of atoms of the
    elements in the molecules of
    reactants and products.
    vikasana
     Start by balancing an element by writing a
    suitable number as coefficient of the formula
    of molecule, containing that element in
    reactants or products.
     Once one element is balanced, proceed to
    balance other elements with a suitable
    coefficient to the formula, until all the
    elements are balanced.

    vikasana
    Example 1
    Burning of Methane gas in air produce
    water and carbon dioxide.
     Chemical equation for this reaction is
    as follows:
    CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
    vikasana
     Count up the atoms in the
    reactants & products

    CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O


    C=1 C=1
    H=4 ≠ H=2
    O=2 O=3
    vikasana
     Double the number of water
    molecules in the product.
    CH4 + O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
    C=1 C=1
    H=4 H=4
    O=2 ≠ O=4
    . vikasana
     Balance oxygen atoms by doubling
    the number of oxygen molecules in
    reactants.
    CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
    C=1 C=1
    H=4 = H=4
    O=4 O=4
    It is a Balanced chemical equation.
    vikasana
    Example 2
    Potassium chlorate decomposes on
    heating to give potassium chloride
    and oxygen.
     Chemical equation for this
    reaction is:
    KClO3 → KCl + O2

    vikasana
     Count up the atoms in the
    reactants & products
    KClO3 → KCl + O2
    K=1 K=1
    Cl=1 Cl=1
    O=3 ≠ O=2
    vikasana
     Double the KClO3 in the reactant
    and triple the oxygen molecule in
    the product.

    2KClO3 → KCl + 3O2


    K=2 K=1
    Cl=2 Cl=1
    O=6 ≠ O=6
    vikasana
     Double the KCl molecule in the
    product.

    2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2


    K=2 K=2
    Cl=2 = Cl=2
    O=6 O=6
    It is a balanced chemical equation
    vikasana
    Example 3
    Zinc reacts with Conc. Sulphuric acid
    to form Zinc sulphate and water
    liberating sulphur dioxide gas.
     Chemical equation for this reaction is:

    Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + SO2 ↑+ H2O

    vikasana
     Count up the atoms in the
    reactants & products.

    Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + SO2+ H2O


    Zn=1 Zn=1
    H=2 H=2
    S=1 ≠ S=2
    O=4 O=7

    vikasana
     Write 2H2SO4 on the reactant side

    Zn + 2H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + SO2+ H2O


    Zn=1 Zn=1
    H=4 H=2
    S=2 ≠ S=2
    O=8 O=7
    vikasana
     Double the water molecules on the
    product side

    Zn +2H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O


    Zn=1 Zn=1
    H=4 H=4
    S=2 = S=2
    O=8 O=8
    vikasana
    TYPES OF CHEMICAL
    REACTIONS

    vikasana
    COMBINATION REACTION:
     In a combination reaction two or more
    substances combine to form new single
    substance.
    Example: When Aluminium reacts with
    Oxygen, Aluminium Oxide is formed.
    4Al(s) + 3O2 (g) → 2Al2O3 (s)

    vikasana
    DECOMPOSITION REACTION:
     In a decomposition reaction , a single
    substance breaks down to give two or
    more simpler substances.
    Example: Magnesium carbonate
    decomposes on heating to give
    Magnesum Oxide and Carbon dioxide.
    MgCO3(s) → MgO(s) + CO2↑(g)
    vikasana
    DISPLACEMENT REACTION:
     A reaction in which one element
    displaces another element from its
    compound.
    Example: Zinc displaces copper from
    cupric sulphate solution.
    Zn(s) +CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu↓(s)

    vikasana
    DOUBLE DISPPLACEMENT REACTION:
    A reaction in which two different
    atoms or groups of atoms (ions) are
    exchanged.
    Example: Sodium sulphate solution
    reacts with Barium chloride solution to
    form a precipitate of Barium sulphate
    and sodium chloride.
    Na2SO4(aq)+BaCl2(aq)→BaSO4↓(s)+2NaCl(aq)
    vikasana
    REDOX REACTIONS:
     A reaction in which oxidation and
    reduction takes place simultaneously
    OXIDATION: A reaction in which a
    substance gains oxygen or loses
    hydrogen.
    S (s) + O2 (g) → SO2↑(g)
    H2S (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl (g) + S↓(s)

    vikasana
    REDUCTION: A reaction in which
    substance gains hydrogen or loses
    oxygen .
    H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) → 2HCl(g)
    ZnO(s) + C (s) → Zn (s) + CO↑ (g)

    vikasana
    Examples
     Concentrated Sulphuric acid oxidizes
    carbon to carbon dioxide, getting
    itself reduced to Sulphur dioxide.

    2H2SO4 + C → 2SO2 ↑ + CO2 ↑+ 2H2O

    vikasana
     When copper metal is dipped in Silver
    nitrate solution, copper gets oxidized to
    copper nitrate and silver nitrate gets
    reduced to silver.

    Cu(s)+2AgNO3(aq)→Cu(NO3)2 (aq)+2Ag↓(s)

    vikasana
    vikasana
    Thank You

    vikasana

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