CHT-203 Momentum Transfer Operations (MTO)

Problem Sheet: 2 Course Coordinator: Dr. Manish Vashishtha

Problems on Continuity Equation

Q1. A 200 mm diameter pipe conveying water branches into two pipes of diameters
150 mm & 100 mm respectively. If the average velocity in the 200mm diameter pipe
and the 150 mm diameter pipe are respectively 3m/s and 1.8m/s. Determine the
velocity in the 10 0mm diameter pipe.

Fig : 1

Q.2. For the pipe shown in the Fig.2, the diameters of the pipe at the sections 1-1 and
2-2 are 100 mm and 50 mm respectively. If the discharge through the pipe is .008
cubic meter per second. Find the average velocities of the two sections.

Fig : 2

Q.3. In a natural gas pipeline at station 1, the pipe diameter is 2 feet, and the flow
conditions are 800Psia, 70 F
̊ and 50 ft/s velocity. At station 2, the pipe diameter is 3
feet and the flow conditions are 500Psia and 70 F ̊ . What is the velocity at station 2?
What is the mass flow rate?

Q.4.Water is flowing in a pipe. At point 1, the inside diameter is 0.25m and the
velocity is 2m/s. What are the mass flow rate and volumetric flow rate? What is the
velocity at point 2 where the inside diameter is .125 m?
 CHT-203 Momentum Transfer Operations (MTO)

Problem Sheet: 3 Course Coordinator: Dr. Manish Vashishtha

Problems on Bernoulli’s Theorem

Q1. A pipe of diameter 250 mm conveys a discharge of 2400 lts/min and has a pressure
of 20 KN/m2 at certain section. Find total energy head w.r.t datum 4m below pipe?

Q2. Oil of specific gravity 0.8 flows in a horizontal pipe at a height of 3 meters above the
datum plane, at a section of pipe diameter = 120 mm & pressure intensity 1.25 bar. If total
energy head at this section 25 m. Find flow rate (Q) of oil?

Q3. The velocity distribution for water flowing in a pipe follows the law

K
V= [R2 – r2]
4µ

Where, R is radius of pipe,

µ is viscosity of water.
K is a constant, Find the shear stress at pipe wall and at a distance R/2 from the axis of
the pipe, also find drag force on a pipe a length 1.

Q4. Water flows at 75 Lts/sec in a pipe whose diameter at section (1) and (2) are 300 mm
& 150 mm which are height 5m & 3m above datum. If the pressure at section (1) is 450
KPa find the pressure at section (2). Neglect loss of energy?

Q5. A pipe of diameter 200 mm converges to a diameter of 100 mm. The pipe conveys
water, pressure intensity is being 400 KPa & 250 KPa at large & small section, Find the
discharge (Q)?

Q6. A pipeline conveying oil has diameter 250 mm & 500 mm at section 1-1 &2-2. The
central line of pipe at section 2-2 is 5m above than that at section 1-1. If pressure
intensities at 1-1 & 2-2 are 125 Kpa & 75 Kpa respectively and discharge is 225 l/sec.
Find the loss of head & direction of flow?

Q7. Water flows up a vertical pipe of diameter 180 mm contracting to a diameter of 120
mm in a height of 0.25 mm. If the rate of flow is 80 l/sec, find the pressure fall across the
contraction equal to 0.27 times the kinetic head in the region of smaller diameter of the
pipe.

Q8. The top and bottom diameter of a 2 m long vertical tapering pipe are 100 mm and 50
mm respectively. Water flows down the pipe at 30 lt/sec. Find the pressure difference
between the two ends of the pipe.
 CHT-203 Momentum Transfer Operations (MTO)

Problem Sheet: 4 Course Coordinator: Dr. Manish Vashishtha

(A) Problems on Venturimeter

Q1. A horizontal venturimeter whose inlet and throat diameters are 400 mm and 150 mm respectively
is used to gauge the flow of water. The differential gauge connected to the inlet and the throat shows a
reading of 250 mm of mercury. Find the rate of flow. Take Cd=0.98.

Q2. A horizontal venturimeter is provided in a pipe 300 mm in diameter. If the pressure in the pipe is
160 kPa and the vaccum pressure at the throat is 350 m of mercury, find the rate of flow in the pipe.
Assume Cd=0.98.

Q3. The inlet and throat diameters of a horizontal venturimeter are 150 mm and 75 m and the meter is
used to measure the discharge of oil of specific gravity 0.80. if the discharge through the meter is 45
litres per second, find the reading of the mercury oil differential manometer. Take Cd=0.98.

Q4. A horizontal venturimeter has inlet and outlet diameter of 150 mm and 75 mm respectively. The
liquid flowing through the meter is kerosene of specific gravity 0.80. The differential manometer
connected to the inlet and throat of the meter records a difference of mercury level of 85 mm. If the
coefficient of the meter is 0.98. Find (1) the discharge and (2) the loss of energy head in the meter.

Q5. The inlet and throat diameters of a horizontal venturimeter are 300 mm and 100 mm respectively.
The liquid flowing through the meter is water. The pressure intensity at inlet is 140 kPa while the
vacuum pressure head at the throat is 370 mm of mercury. Find the rate of flow. Assume that 4 % of
the differential head is lost between the inlet and the throat. Find also the value of C d for the
venturimeter.

Q6. A 150 mm x 75 mm venturimeter vertically with the throat 225 mm above the inlet conveys oil of
specific gravity 0.78 at 29 litres per second. Calculate the difference of pressure between the inlet and
the throat. Take Cd=0.96.

Q7. A horizontal venturimeter measures the flow of oil of specific gravity 0.90 in a 75 mm diameter
pipe line. If the difference of pressure between the full bore and throat tapping is 35 kPa and the area
ratio is 5, calculate the rate of flow, assuming a coefficient of discharge of 0.97.

Q8. In a vertical pipe conveying oil of specific gravity 0.8, a 300 mm x 150 mm venturimeter is fitted
the direction of oil being upwards. The difference of levels between the throat section and the entrance
is 1 meter. The oil-mercury differential gauge shows a deflection of 370 mm of mercury. Find the rate
of flow of oil. Neglect losses.

Q9. A 300 mm x 150 mm venturimeter is provided in a vertical pipe line carrying oil of specific
gravity 0.9, the flow being upwards. The difference in elevation of the throat section of the
venturimeter is 300 mm. The differential U-tube mercury manometer shows a gauge deflection of 250
mm. Calculate:
(1) The discharge of the oil, and
(2) The pressure difference between the entrance section and the throat section. Take the coefficient of
the meter as 0.98 and specific gravity of mercury as 13.6.
 (B) Problems on Orificemeter

Q1. Water flows through an orifice of 25 mm diameter situated in a 75 mm diameter pipe, at

a rate of 300 cm3/s. What will be the difference in level on a water manometer connecter
across the meter? The viscosity of water is 1 mN s/m 2.
Q2. An orifice meter with orifice diameter 20 cm is used to measure the flow rate of water in
a pipe of 40 cm diameter. The pressure gauges fitted upstream and downstream of the orifice
meter indicate reading of 30 X 104 N/m2 and 20 X 104 N/m2. Coefficient of discharge for
meter is 0.60. Determine the discharge of water through pipe.
Q3. An orifice meter with orifice diameter 15 cm is used to measure the flow rate of water in
a pipe of 50 cm diameter. The reading of differential manometer is 40 cm of mercury under
water. Coefficient of discharge of orifice meter is 0.60.
Q4. A fluid of density 900 kg/m3 is flowing through a pipe 40 cm of diameter. An orifice
meter with orifice diameter of 10 cm is used to measure the flow rate of fluid. The difference
in pressure head across the orifice meter is 10 cm mercury under water. Coefficient of
discharge is 0.60.
Q5. Water is flowing through an orifice of 20 cm diameter situated in a 40 cm diameter pipe
at the rate of 0.003 m3/s.
Determine the difference in level on a water manometer connected across the meter.
Coefficient of discharge Cd= 0.60.
Density of water = 1000 kg/m3.
Q6. A fluid is flowing through a pipe at 20 cm diameter at the rate of 0.05 m 3/s. The
difference in pressure head across the orifice meter 0.5 m of water. Coefficient of discharge of
orifice meter is 0.60
Q7. Water is flowing through a pipe of 40 cm diameter at the rate of 0.1m 3/s. An orifice meter
of orifice diameter 20 cm is used to measure the flow rate of water. Coefficient of discharge
for orifice meter is 0.60. Determine the reading of differential manometer containing mercury
as manometer fluid.

(C) Problems on Rotameter

Q1. A rotameter tube is 0.3 m long with an internal diameter of 25 mm at the top and 20 mm
at the bottom. The diameter of the float is 20 mm, its density is 4800 Kg/m 3 and its volume is
6.0 cm3. If the coefficient of discharge is 0.7, what is the flow rate of water (density 1000
Kg/m3) when the float is halfway up the tube?

Q2. A rotameter tube with an internal diameter 30 mm at the top and 20 mm at the bottom.
The tube is 0.3 m long. The diameter of the float is 20 mm. The density of float is 6000 kg/m 3
and the volume of the float is 6 cm3. The coefficient of discharge Cd is 0.6.

Q3. A rotameter tube with an internal diameter 30 mm at the top and 20 mm at the bottom.
The tube is 0.3 m long. The diameter of the float is 20 mm. The density of the float is 5000
kg/m3 and the volume of the float is 6 cm3. The coefficient of discharge is 0.60