Rosemarie M.

Aguilar July 11, 2021

EM 205-Financial Management

Assignment

Question: What is the implication of enhancing the Philippine Basic Education System relative to?

1. Fund allocation 2. No. of years 3.Learners’ preparedness

I. INTRODUCTION

The Philippine education system has evolved over hundreds of years of colonial occupation, first
by Spain and then by the US, through martial law and the people’s power revolution that brought
democracy to the sprawling archipelago. The education sector’s development has mirrored the changes
in the country’s administration. Today the focus is on expanding access and ensuring more Filipinos
receive a decent basic education, as a means of reducing poverty and improving national
competitiveness. The World Bank notes that in other countries such initiatives have brought “large
economic benefits”. The K-12 reform was introduced in 2016 and funding was increased, easing
concerns that its implementation would be hindered by limited resources and winning over new
President Rodrigo Duterte, who was initially skeptical about the plan.

Despite these successes and President Duterte’s commitment to socio-economic issues as his policy
priorities, the education system continues to struggle with deep inequalities. Quality also remains a
concern. Addressing these problems will require a continued commitment to increased funding for
education, and an efficient mechanism to ensure the money is spent in the most effective manner.

From the Department of Budget and Management

In response to the country’s growing population of students, the Department of Budget and
Management (DBM) has released P31.8 billion to the Department of Public Works and Highways
(DPWH) for the proposed construction or rehabilitation of 22,325 classrooms nationwide as determined
by the Department of Education (DepEd) to ultimately bolster the K-12 program. The amount of P31.8
billion will be charged against the DepEd’s Provision and Maintenance of Basic Educational Facilities—
also known as the Basic Educational Facilities Fund (BEFF)— in their FY 2014 Budget (RA 10633,
Continuing Appropriations) and FY 2015 Budget (Republic Act 10651).

“Every year, we face the need to build more classrooms due to the growing number of public school
students. Fortunately, we’re able to keep pace by allotting yearly increases in budgetary support for
quality classrooms. With enough public funds for our education system, we can construct new school
buildings or rehabilitate damaged classrooms,” said Budget Secretary Florencio “Butch” Abad.

“This takes time as the process of determining the number of targets is very exhaustive, with DepEd
giving us a list of classrooms only after a thorough assessment. But we’re confident of achieving these
requirements as the success of the Administration’s K-to-12 school program depends on our efforts,”
Abad added.

Of the total P31.8 billion, P3.47 billion has been charged against the P44.6-billion FY 2014 GAA BEFF. The
P3.47 billion is specifically allocated to the BEFF for the “construction, replacement, and completion of
kindergarten, elementary, and secondary school buildings and the construction of water and sanitation
facilities,” as stated in the GAA. Likewise, this is supposed to “address remaining shortages and meet the
requirements of the K-12 Basic Education Program.”

In relation to number of years and learners preparedness the K to 12 Program covers

Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High
School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and
skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills
development, employment, and entrepreneurship.

Every Filipino child now has access to early childhood education through Universal Kindergarten. At 5
years old, children start schooling and are given the means to slowly adjust to formal education.

Research shows that children who underwent Kindergarten have better completion rates than those
who did not. Children who complete a standards-based Kindergarten program are better prepared, for
primary education.

Education for children in the early years lays the foundation for lifelong learning and for the total
development of a child. The early years of a human being, from 0 to 6 years, are the most critical period
when the brain grows to at least 60-70 percent of adult size.

In Kindergarten, students learn the alphabet, numbers, shapes, and colors through games, songs, and
dances, in their Mother Tongue.

Students are able to learn best through their first language, their Mother Tongue (MT). Twelve (12) MT
languages have been introduced for SY 2012-2013: Bahasa Sug, Bikol, Cebuano, Chabacano, Hiligaynon,
Iloko, Kapampangan, Maguindanaoan, Meranao, Pangasinense, Tagalog, and Waray. Other local
languages will be added in succeeding school years .Aside from the Mother Tongue, English and Filipino
are taught as subjects starting Grade 1, with a focus on oral fluency. From Grades 4 to 6, English and
Filipino are gradually introduced as languages of instruction. Both will become primary languages of
instruction in Junior High School (JHS) and Senior High School (SHS).After Grade 1, every student can
read in his or her Mother Tongue. Learning in Mother Tongue also serves as the foundation for students
to learn Filipino and English easily.

Subjects are taught from the simplest concepts to more complicated concepts through grade levels in
spiral progression. As early as elementary, students gain knowledge in areas such as Biology, Geometry,
Earth Science, Chemistry, and Algebra. This ensures a mastery of knowledge and skills after each level.

For example, currently in High School, Biology is taught in 2nd Year, Chemistry in 3rd Year, and Physics in
4th Year. In K to 12, these subjects are connected and integrated from Grades 7 to 10. This same
method is used in other Learning Areas like Math.

Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary education; students may choose a
specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school capacity. The choice of career track will define the
content of the subjects a student will take in Grades 11 and 12. SHS subjects fall under either the Core
Curriculum or specific Tracks.

II. REACTION
 When people used the word curriculum, it is usually referring to the content chosen to be
taught – the official curriculum. In the K to 12 Basic Education Program of the Department of Education,
a new curriculum was designed to develop a learner who possess a healthy mind and body; has a solid
moral and spiritual grounding; has essential knowledge and skills for lifelong learning and self-
actualization; engages in critical thinking and creative problem solving; contributes to the development
of a progressive, just, and humane society; is proud to be a Filipino; and appreciates the beauty around
him/her and cares for the environment for a sustainable future. This enhanced curriculum from the
Kindergarten to the senior high school aims to produce holistically developed learners with the 21st
century skills. How can all these mission and vision of the K to 12 programs be attained? It can be
attained through the child centered or learner centered curriculum that high lights the said program of
the Department of Education. Body As I was looking at the new curriculum of the K to 12 Basic
Education Program of the Department of Education, I am beginning to appreciate the effort made by the
government to uplift the kind of education in our country. The Curriculum that was made for the
Kindergarten until the senior high school was quite satisfying for me because it is really the product of
different researches to make the education system in our country a better one. The teaching of MTB-
MLE as one of the subjects from Grade 1 to Grade 3 and as the medium of instruction from kinder to
Grade 3 was implemented to develop well-rounded and life-long learners under the K to 12 basic
education reform program. The given competencies for the Mother Tongue in the Grade 1 to Grade 3
comprises with the oral language, phonological skills, book and print knowledge, alphabet knowledge,
word recognition, fluency, spelling, handwriting, composing, grammar awareness, vocabulary, activating
schema and prior knowledge, comprehension of literary text, comprehension of informational text and
Attitude toward Language, Literacy and Literature. With this new curriculum, I am anticipating to have a
competitive Grade 2 pupil because even handwriting was given emphasis as part of the competencies.
As I observed, when I was a grade 6 teacher, almost half of my pupils have a worst kind of penmanship.
Even how much I tried to repair and correct their way of writing, they still follow what they were used
to. But now, as it is already part of the competencies, improved handwriting from the pupils and
improved comprehension levels were one of the good products of the K to 12 programs. In the
Edukasyon sa Pagpapakatao, as I have seen it, the given competencies were suitable for each of the
grade level. What only concern me were the materials available for the said competencies to be fully
given to the pupils, because in reality right now, we do not have a textbook or a reference book for the
character education subject. We teachers used our initiative to look for a book from the different
bookstores that would suit to the given competencies under the character education subject. I just hope
and pray that this entire curriculum would be fully implemented with all the given resources from the
government or other civic minded citizens to make this K to 12 program of the Department of Education
a successful one. Conclusion The K to 12 Basic Education Program of the Department of Education aims
to have globally competitive graduate and holistically developed learners in the 21st century skills. And
so a new curriculum was developed with the new teaching strategies that would suit to the given
curriculum. The core objectives of these said program was a positive and effective graduates that makes
them a potential human resource of our country and help alleviate the poverty that was experienced by
most of the Filipino people right now. And so, I am very optimistic with these changes in our education
system. I just hope and pray that the government together with the parents, teachers and the
stakeholders would go hand in hand in the implementation of this K to 12 Basic Education Program in
our Department of Education. Bravo for these new challenges for the good of our country.
III. APPLICATION

The K-12 curriculum have many advantage to every Filipino students. One of this is enhancing
our minds and skills, it may helps us to decide what will be the course that we want and this may lead us
to a successful life. Preparedness in stepping into tertiary learning is also an advantage, the students will
be more furnished to deal with much higher level of mastering as they step in college. Another
advantage of K-12 curriculum is being ready to join the workforce, the Senior High School graduates will
be trained that will make them compensable at certain track.
Question: Why is it important for the government agency like DepEd to consider the guidelines stated in
the implementing regulation of RA 9184 in conducting all their procurement activities?

I. INTRODUCTION

This 2016 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations, hereinafter called the IRR, is
promulgated pursuant to Section 75 of Republic Act No. (R.A.) 9184, otherwise known as the
“Government Procurement Reform Act,” for the purpose of prescribing the necessary rules and
regulations for the modernization, standardization, and regulation of the procurement activities of the
Government of the Philippines (GoP).

Procurement refers to techniques, structured methods, and means used to streamline an

organization’s procurement process and achieve desired results while saving cost, reducing time, and
building win-win supplier relationships. Procurement can be direct, indirect, reactive, or proactive in
nature.

II.REACTION

Procurement planning is the process of deciding what to buy, when and from what source.
During the procurement planning process, the procurement method is assigned and the expectations for
the fulfillment of procurement requirements determined. The Procurement Management Plan is a part
of the overall Project Management Plan. The following areas are described in the plan or are the
requirements necessary to manage procurement. This process should include, initiating a request,
development of requirements (technical, timing, quality, constraints), request approval, purchasing
authority, bid /proposal review, contract management responsibility, contract closure requirements,
and procurement process flowchart.

The Benefits of Effective Procurement Planning is that it is an effective plan saves time and
money. Also an effective plan serves as a conduit to achieving entity's objectives and effective plan
ensures compliance with regulatory policies. Lastly an effective plan provides a framework to guide
procurement officers in the achievement of their tasks and duties.

III. APPLICATION

The purpose of the Procurement Management Plan is to define the procurement requirements for the
project and how it will be managed from developing procurement documentation through contract
closure. The Procurement Management Plan defines the following: Items to be procured with
justification statements and timelines.

Procurement planning is important for the following reasons:

• It is one of the pre-requisites for successful implementation of projects;

• Limits scope on non-compliance with agreed procurement procedures;

• Enhances transparency and predictability;

• Provides a good basis for monitoring; and

• Facilitates efficient and effective treasury management by spreading out annual procurement
activities consistent with the needs and resources available.