Master of Arts in Economics

RANI CHANNAMMA UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI
DEPARTMENT OF STUDIES IN ECONOMICS
M.A. IN ECONOMICS
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
COURSE STRUCTURE (SCHEME), SYLLABUS,
DISSERTATION GUIDELINES,
REGULATIONS FOR POST-GRADUATE PROGRAMME
&
MODEL QUESTION PAPER
IMPLEMENTED FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR
2020-21 AND ONWARDS
1
M.A. IN ECONOMICS
COURSE STRUCTURE (SCHEME) AS PER
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) – July 2020 Onwards
I Semester II Semester
Paper No. Title of the Paper Paper No. Title of the Paper
I Compulsory Papers ( Hard Core)

1.1 Advanced Micro Economics 2.1 Welfare Economics
1.2 Advanced Macro Economics 2.2 Monetary Economics
1.3 Public Economics 2.3 Indian Public Finance
1.4 International Trade 2.4 International Finance
II Soft Core/ Specialization / optional (any one)

1.5.1 Financial Economics 2.5.1 India Financial System
1.5.2 Agricultural Economics 2.5.2 Agri-Business
1.5.3 Industrial Economics 2.5.3 Economics of Labour
1.5.4 Regional Economics 2.5.4 Urban Economics
III Open Elective (any one)

1.6 Rural Development 2.6.1 Indian Economy
2.6.2 Business Economics
III Semester IV Semester

Paper No. Title of the Paper Paper No. Title of the Paper

3.1 Economics of Development 4.1 Economics of Growth
3.2 Statistics for Economics 4.2 Mathematics for Economics
Research Methodology and Data
3.3 Analysis 4.3 Economics of Environment
3.4 Economics of Entrepreneurship 4.4 Human Resource Management
II Soft Core/ Specialization / optional (any one)

3.5.1 Cooperative Management 4.5.1 Indian Economic Policy
3.5.2 Economics of Education 4.5.2 Economics of Health
Economics of Gender and
3.5.3 Demography 4.5.3 Development
3.5.4 Economics of Infrastructure 4.5.4 Economics of Energy

3.6.1 Karnataka Economy 4.6 Research Project (Dissertation)
3.6.2 Rural Development
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M.A. ECONOMICS
Syllabus
I SEMESTER
Examination
Teaching
Hours per Sem End Total
Paper No. Title of the Paper week Credit IA Marks Marks Marks
I - Compulsory Papers ( Hard Core)
1.1 Advanced Micro Economic 4 4 20 80 100
1.2 Advanced Macro Economic 4 4 20 80 100
1.3 Public Economics 4 4 20 80 100
1.4 International Trade 4 4 20 80 100
II – Soft Core/ Specialization / optional

(any one)
1.5.1 Financial Economics 4 4 20 80 100
1.5.2 Agricultural Economics 4 4 20 80 100
1.5.3 Industrial Economics 4 4 20 80 100
1.5.4 Regional Economics 4 4 20 80 100
1.6 Rural Development 4 4 20 80 100
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M.A. ECONOMICS
Syllabus
I SEMESTER
Paper No: 1.1 ADVANCED MICRO ECONOMICS (Compulsory/Hard Core)
Objectives:
1) To familiarize the students with the economic behaviour of individuals, firms and markets.
2) To analyze the various aspects of demand theory, theory of production price and output
determination and the alternative theories of the firm.
3) To teach the basic tools and techniques for micro economic analysis.
Module 1: Introduction and Basic Concepts

Basic Economic Problems; Choice and Scarcity; Economic Models; Characteristics of Equilibrium
and Disequilibrium Systems.
Module 2 : Demand Analysis

Theories of Demand; Utility Analysis; Indifference Curves and Their Applications; Revealed
Preference Theory; Revision of Demand Theory by Hicks; Lancaster‘s Approach to Demand
Theory; Bandwagon, Snob and Veblen Effects; Elasticities of Demand (Price, Cross, Income);
Duality in consumption : Indirect Utility function and Expenditure function; Roy‘s Identity and
Shepherds Lemma, Empirical evidences of demand analysis.
Module 3 : Theory of Production and Costs

Production Function; Short-run and Long-run; Law of Variable Proportions; Isoquants; Returns to
Scale; Multi-Product Firm; Technical Progress and Production Function; Cobb-Douglass.
Production function; Theory costs: concepts; Traditional and Modern Theories of Costs; Least
Cost Combination of Inputs; Empirical evidences of Production and Costs.
Module 4 : Price and Output Determination

Perfect Competition; Short and Long-run Equilibrium of the Firm and Industry; Monopoly; Short
and Long-run Equilibrium; Price Discrimination; Monopolistic Competition; Equilibrium of the
Firm and the Group with Product Differentiation and Selling Costs; Excess Capacity Under
Monopolistic and Imperfect Competition; Oligopoly; Non-Collusive (Cournot, Bertrand,
Edgeworth, Chamberlain, Kinked Demand Curve and Stackelberg‘s Solution) and Collusive
(Cartels and Mergers, Price Leadership) Models, Empirical evidences of different market models.
Module 5 : Alternative Theories of the Firm

Baumol‘s Sales Revenue Maximisation Model; Williamson‘s Model of Managerial Discretion;
Marris‘ Model of Managerial Enterprise; Bain‘s Limit Pricing Theory and Recent Developments
including Sylos-Labini‘s Model.
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Skill Development Activities:
1. Prepare table for demand and draw the law of demand curve for commodities.
2. Prepare empirical evidences of demand for commodities in India.
3. Prepare an assignment for inputs used (i.e. Labour, capital, raw-materials) and cost of product
from one of the nearest firm.
4. Prepare note on monopoly market for a commodity from nearby market.
5. List the product of monopolistic market and features of products like brand, design, colour,
package etc.
6. Take few commodities of product differentiation and prepare list of firms producing the same
product with different features.
Reading List :
1. Salvatore, Dominick (2003) : Micro Economic Theory and Applications, Oxford
University Press, New York.
2. Baumol, W.J. (1982): Economic Theory and Operations Analysis, Prentice Hall of India,
New Delhi.
3. Dacosta, G.C. (1980): Production, Prices and Distribution, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
4. Hirshleifer J.A.Glazer (1997): Price Theory and Applications, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi.
5. Kreps, David .M. (1990): A Course in Micro Economic Theory, University Press
Princeton.
6. Koutsoyiannis, A. (1979): Modern Micro Economics, Macmillan Press, London.
7. Layard.P.R.G.and A.W.Walters (1978): Micro Economic Theory, McGraw Hill New
York.
8. Stigler.G. (1996): Theory of Price (4th Edition), Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
9. Sen., Anindya (1999): Micro Economic Theory and Applications, Oxford University Press,
New Delhi.
10. Varian,H. (2000) Micro Economic Analysis, W.W.Norton, New York.
11. Pindyt, Roberts, Damiel L. Rubinfielld and Prem Mehta (2009) : Micro Economics
(Seventh Edition), Perron Education, New Delhi.
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Paper No: 1.2: ADVANCED MACRO ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
(Compulsory/Hard Core)
Objectives:
1) To familiarize the students with the behavior of the aggregate variables at national level.
2) To provide an indepth understanding of national income accounts, classical macro economics, the
Keynesian economics and different types of consumption and investment functions.
3) To Highlight the practical applications like concepts, measures and theories of macroeconomics.
Module 1: Macro Economics Concepts and National Income Accounts.

Major issues of Marco Economics, Circular flow of income, Measurement of National income,
Difficulties in measurement of National income, Concepts of National income - GNP, NNP, GDP,
NI, PI, DPI - Real GDP Versus Nominal GDP - GDP Deflator, Green GNP, National income
Accounting:- Social Accounting, Input-output Accounting, Flow of funds Accounting and Balance
of payments Accounting, Importance of National income Analysis.
Module 2 : Classical Macro Model.

Classical theory of employment, Basic Assumptions of Classical School, Say‘s Law of markets,
Wage – Price flexibility and employment, capital market equilibrium, quantity theory of money,
full employment equilibrium, A critique of the Classical theory of employment and income.
Module 3 : Keynesian Macro Economics.

Principle of Effective Demand; Determinants of effective demand - Aggregate Demand Function
and Aggregate Supply Function, Determination of the level of employment, under employment
equilibrium, unemployment - Keynes money - wage Regidity model –Keynes view on Involuntary
unemployment.
Module 4 : Theories of Consumption Function.

Concept of Consumption Function, Keynes Psychological Law of Consumption, Technical
Attributes of Consumption Function – APC, MPC, Saving function:–APS, MPS, Determents of
Consumption Function, Empirical evidence of consumption function: Absolute income, Relative
income, Life Cycle and Permanent income Hypothesis.
Module 5 : The Investment Function and Multiplier:

Types of Investment - Autonomous Investment and Induced Investment, Investment Function-
Determinants – MEC and Rate of interest: Factors Affecting the Investment Function: Theory of
Multiplier, Leakages in Multiplier The Keynesian Explanation of Great Depression: The impact of
multiplier: Relevance of multiplier for Developing countries, Principle of Acceleration, Impact of
Inflation on Investment, Monetary and Fiscal policy measures and Investment.
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1. Calculation of National Income such as GNP, GDP & NNP.
2. Prepare the input - output accounting.
3. List the various types of unemployment.
4. Calculate the APC, MPC, APS and MPS.
Reading List :
1. Ackeley G. (1978): Macro Economics: Theory and Policy, McMillan, New York.
2. Blackhouse, R and A. Salansi (Eds) (2000): Macro Economics and the Real World, OUP,
London.
3. Branson, W.A. (1989): Macro Economic Theory and Policy, Harper and Row, New York.
4. Dornbusch, R and F. Stanley (1997): Macro Economics, McGraw Hill, New York.
5. Edward Shapiro (1996): Macro Economic Analysis, Galgotia Publications, New Delhi.
6. Frisch, H. (1983): Theories of Inflation CUP, Cambridge.
7. Gupta R.D.and Rana A.S. (1998): Post-Keynesian Economics, Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana.
8. Hudson, J. (1982): Inflation: A Theoretical Survey and Synthesis George Allen and
Unwin, London.
9. Hall.R.E. and J.B.Taylor. (1986): Macro Economics, W W Norton, New York.
10. Jha.R. (1999): Contemporary Macro Economic Theory and Policy, New Age International,
New Delhi.
11. Romer, D.L. (1996): Advanced Macro Economics, McGraw Hill, New York.
12. Sheffrin, S.M. (1996): Rational Expectations CUP, Cambridge.
13. Taylor.K. (1983): Structuralist Macro Economics Basic Books, New Longman
14. H L Ahuja (2017): Macroeconomics theory and policy, New Delhi
15. D N Dwivedi (2012): Macroeconomics, New Delhi.
16. (M L. Jhingan (2017): Macro Economic Theory, Delhi.
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Paper No: 1.3: PUBLIC ECONOMICS (Compulsory/ Hard Core)
Objectives:
1) The purpose of this course is to learn about the market failure in provision of public goods and
nature and types of government interventions for provision of public goods and thereby attaining
maximum social advantage.
2) It also aims at understanding the public choice and policy, theories of public expenditure, public
revenue mobilization and public debt and its management.
Module 1 : Introduction
Public Economics-Nature, Scope, Meaning and Evolution; Government -Powers, Fiscal Functions-
Allocation, Distribution and Stabilisation and Role of Government in a Mixed Economy; Theory
of Public Goods- Private Goods, Public Goods, Club Goods, Commons, Merit Goods and Demerit
Goods; Public Goods and Market Failure; Public Goods as a Special case of Externalities and
Market Failure; Principle of Maximum Social Advantage.
Module 2 : Public Choice and Policy

Voting and Public Choice- Majority Voting rule, Problems in Allocating Resources and
Aggregation of Preference Revelation; Alternative to Majority Voting Systems; Arrow‘s
Impossibility Theorem ; Sen‘s Theory of Social Choice; Economic Theory of democracy; Rent
Seeking and Directly Unproductive Activities; Public Policy for Allocation of Resource -;
Voluntary Exchange Model; Samuelson and Musgrave; Johansen Model; Clarke, Grooves and
Ledyard Model; Tiebout Model- Theory of Club Goods.
Module 3 : Theories of Public Expenditure

General Theories of Public Expenditure: Wagner‘s Hypothesis; Peacock- Wiseman Hypothesis;
Colin Clark Hypothesis; Expenditure Evaluation- Criteria for Public Investment - Social cost-
Benefit Analysis; Reforms in Expenditure Budgeting System- Zero Based Budgeting.
Module 4 : Public Revenue and Taxation

Public Revenue: Sources and Classification, Taxation, Tax Elasticity and Buoyancy, Taxable
Capacity and Tax Effort, Theory of Incidence; Different Concepts of Incidence, Benefits and
Ability to Pay Approaches, Taxation and Dead Weight Loss, Theory of Optimal Taxation, Equity
in Taxation, Direct and Indirect Taxes, Effect of Taxation on Production and Distribution.
Module 5 : Public Debt and Its Management

Public Debt-Concept, Sources of Public Debt - Internal and External , Objectives, Reasons for
Growing Public Debt; Classical and Modern Views on Public Debt , Burden of Public Debt; Public
Borrowings and Price Level- Crowding out of Private Investment and Activity ; Principles of Debt
Management and Repayment.
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1. Prepare and collect information about the trend and growth of Public Revenue in India.
2. Identify the day to day used goods under the categories of goods and provide explanation.
3. Distinguish the goods under the types of externalities and discuss the reasons for market
failure.
4. Use voting system rule in the context to Indian Economy.
5. Comparative analysis of VAT and GST by collecting information from different vendors.
6. Analysis the trends and growth of Indian public debt.
Reading List:
1. Anderson, John E. (2002): Public Finance: Principles and Policy, Houghton Mifflin
Company, Boston.
2. Bagchi A. (2005) : Readings in Public Finance, Cambridge University Press, New Delhi
3. Bhatia, H. L. (2015): Public Finance, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
4. Chand, S. N. (2013): Public Finance, Atlantic Publishers and Distributors (P) Ltd., New
Delhi.
5. Hugh Dalton (1997): Principles of Public Finance, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
6. Hyman David N. (2012): Public Finance- A Contemporary Application of Theory to Policy
, Thomson South – Western Ohio, USA.
7. Jha, Rajesh K. (2012): Public Finance, Perason, Delhi.
8. Lekhi, R.K. and Joginder Singh (2015): Public Finance, Kalyani Publishers, NewDelhi.
9. Musgrave R.A and Musgrave P.A. (2009): Public Finance in Theory and Practice,
McGraw- Hill Kogakusha, Tokyo.
10. Om Prakash (2016): Public Economics: Theory and Practice, Vishal Publishing Co.
Jalandhar- Delhi.
11. Rao, Govind (2010): Public Finance: Theory and Practice Essay in Honour of A.Bagchi ,
Sage Publications, New Delhi.
12. Rosen, Harvey S. and Ted Gayer (2012): Public Finance, 8th Edition, MaGraw Hill
Education Private Limited, New Delhi.
13. Singh, S.K. (2015): Public Economics: Theory and Practice S. Chand and Co., New Delhi.
14. Tyagi B.P. and H. P. Singh (2016): Public Finance, Jayaprakashnath and Company,
Meerut, India.
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Paper No: 1.4: INTERNATIONAL TRADE (Compulsory/ Hard Core)
Objectives:
1. To enable the Students to understand theories of International trading system.

2. To familiarize the Students about the various aspects of trade policy.
Module 1 : Theories of International Trade

The Pure Theory of International Trade–Theories of Absolute Advantage, Comparative Advantage
and Opportunity Costs; Empirical Testing of Absolute Cost and Comparative Cost – Heckscher –
Ohlin Theory of Trade –A Model of Two Factor Economy; Leontieff Paradox. Theorems of Factor
Price Equalizations; Stopler-Samuelson Theorem- Rybczynski Theorem;
Module 2 : Neo- Technological Trade Theories

Neo- Technological Trade Theories- Kravis, Posner, Linder and Vernon; Intra-Industry Trade
Model, Krugman and Lancaster; Strategic Trade Policy Model-Krugman -Brander and Spencer,
Intra-Industry Trade- Trade Based on Dynamic Technological Differences- Costs of
Transportation, Environmental Standards, Industry Location, and International Trade.
Module 3 : Terms of Trade and Gains from Trade

Terms of Trade as an Index of Gains from Trade; Equilibrium in Terms of Community
Indifference Curves and Terms of Trade; Equilibrium in Terms of Trade – Offer Curves; Different
Concepts of Terms of Trade; Factors Affecting Terms of Trade; Measurement of Terms of Trade;
Gains From Trade.
Module 4 : Balance of Payments

Meaning and Components of Balance of Payments; Equilibrium and Disequilibrium in the Balance
of Payments (BOP); Adjustment Mechanism of BOP, Causes for Disequilibrium; Removal of
Disequilibrium.
Module 5 : Exchange Rate Determination

Determination of Foreign Exchange Rate; Demand for and Supply of Foreign Exchange Markets;
Mint Parity Theory and Purchasing Power Parity Theory; Fixed and Flexible Foreign Exchange
Rate; Spot and Forward Exchange Rate; Objectives and Methods of Exchange control.

1. Practical implications of Opportunity cost in International trade.
2. Empirical testing of Absolute Cost and Comparative Cost theory of International trade.
3. Prepare India‘s Balance of payment trends during the last 10 year.
4. Prepare data base of Foreign Exchange Market.
5. Impact of Technology on International trade.
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Reading List :
1. Soderstein, B (1993): International Economics, MacMillan, London.
2. Kindleberger, C.P. (1976): International Economics, R.D.Irwin Homewood.
3. Salvatore (1990): International Economics, MacMillan Publ.
4. Metzler: Readings in International Economics, American Economic Series.
5. Jagadish N. Bhagwati (1983): Dependence and Interdependence (Ed) by Gane Grossman,
Vol.2, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
6. Vaish, M. C. and Sudama Singh (1980): International Economics, (3rd Edition), Oxford
and IBH Publication, New Delhi.
7. Carbough, R.J. (1999): International Economics, International Thompson Publishing, New
York.
8. Dana, M.S. (2000): International Economics: Study, Guide and Work Book, (5th Edition),
Rutledge Publishers, London.
9. Kenen, P.B. (1994): The International Economy, Cambridge University Press, London.
10. Krugman, P.R. and M. Obstfield (1994): International Economics: Theory and Policy,
Addison-Wesley Publications.
11. Jackson, J. (1998): The World Trading System, Cambridge University Press, Mass.
Paper No: 1.5.1 : FINANCIAL ECONOMICS

(Soft Core /Specialization/Optional)
Objectives:
1) To provide theoretical knowledge in Financial Institutions and Markets with reference to India.
2) To equip the students to understand the behavior of Development banking and new instruments of
finance.
Module 1: Introduction to Financial Economics

Components of formal financial system; Functions, Key elements of well-functioning system;
Nature and role of financial institutions and financial markets, primary and secondary markets,
depositories and custodians; Debt markets & equity markets; Time Value of Money, Present and
Future Values
Module 2 : Financial Market and Financial Instruments

Money Market- Meaning, Constituents, Functions Of Money Markets; Money Market Instruments
- Call Money, Treasury Bills, Certificates Of Deposits, Commercial Bills, Digital money.
Commercial papers and Collateralized Borrowing and Lending Obligation (CBLO) - Recent
Trends In Indian Money Market - Capital Market - Primary And Secondary Markets; Stock
Exchanges - Over The Counter Exchanges - Recent Developments In Financial Market.
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Module 3 : Derivatives Market and Debt Market
Derivatives Market: Introduction - Forwards and Futures - Futures Trading Strategies; Options -
Trading Strategies - Derivatives Market in India - Derivatives Trading in India. Debt Market:
Introduction - Private Corporate Debt Market - Public Sector Undertaking Bond Market;
Government Securities Market.
Module 4 : Development Banking

Nature of Development Banking; Financial Appraisal; Liquidity Ratios; Capital Ratio, Break-Even
Point; Technical Appraisal; Economic Appraisal; Guidelines for Financing, Term Lending from
Development Banks; Development Financial Institution; SEBI; Guideline for Financial
Institutions.
Module 5 : New Financial Instruments

Meaning - Floating Rate Bonds - Zero Interest Bonds - Deep Discount Bonds - Revolving
Underwriting Finance Facility (RUFF) - Auction Rated Debentures (ARD) - Secured Premium
Notes (SPNs) with Detachable Warrants - Non-Convertible Debentures (NCDs) with Detachable
Equity Warrants - Tradable Warrants - Fully Convertible Debentures - Domestic Convertible
Bonds - Differential Shares - Securitized Paper - Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDO) - Inverse
Float and Perpetual Bonds - Municipal Bonds.

1. List the famous stock exchange markets and their functions at international level.
2. Prepare practical functioning of call money, treasury bills, certificates of deposits,
commercial bills.
3. Prepare an assignment on derivatives market in India.
4. Prepare a note on history, functioning and impact of SEBI with empirical evidences.
5. Visit share market branches in your city and collect information on debentures, bonds,
shares etc.
6. Prepare data base on debentures, bonds, shares etc in India.
Reading List :
1. Bhole,L.M.(1999): Financial Institutions and Markets, Tata McGraw Hill Company Ltd.,
New Delhi.
2. Bhole,L.M.(2000): Indian Financial System, Chugh Publications. Allahabad.
3. Edminster, R.O.(1986): Financial Institutions: Markets and Development, Yale, London.
4. Goldsmith, R.W.(1969): Financial Structure and Development, Yale, London.
5. Hanson, J.A.and S.Kathuria (Eds.)(1999): India: A Financial Sector for the Twenty First
Century, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
6. Harker, P.T.and S.A.Zenios (2000) (Ed.): Performance of Financial Institutions, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge.
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7. Johnson, J.J. (1993): Financial Institutions and Markets, McGraw Hill, New York.
8. Khan, M.Y. (1996): Indian Financial System, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
9. Machiraju, M.R. (1999): Indian Financial Systems, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
10. Ohlson, J.A. (1987): The Theory of Financial Markets and Institution, North Holland,
Amsterdam.
11. Prasad, K.N.: Development of India‘s Financial System, Sarup & Sons, New Delhi.
12. Robinson, R.I.and D.Wrightman (1981): Financial Markets, McGraw Hill, London
Paper No: 1.5.2: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

Objectives:
1) To provide theoretical knowledge in Agricultural Economics with reference to Indian Agriculture.
2) To equip the students to understand the problems and prospects of Indian Agriculture.
Module 1 : Agriculture in Economic Development

Nature and Scope of agricultural economics; Role of Agriculture in Economic Development;
Agriculture and industry; Agricultural Surplus and Economic Development; Schultz and Mellor‘s
theories of Agricultural Development.
Module 2 : Agricultural Production and Productivity

Agricultural production — Resource use and efficiency; Production function analyses in
agriculture; Factor combination and resource substitution; Cost and supply curves; Size of farm
and laws of returns —Farm budgeting and cost concepts; Supply response of individual crops and
aggregate supply; Technical change, labour absorption and gender issues in agricultural serv ices
Module 3 : Agricultural Growth in India

Agricultural Production under Five Year Plans - Recent Trends in Agricultural Growth in India -
Cropping Pattern Shifts - Impact of Agriculture on Industry - Role of Public Investment and
Capital Formation in Indian Agriculture - Strategy of Agricultural Development and Technological
Progress - Sustainable Agriculture in India - Food Security: Nature of Food Problem.
Module 4 :Institutional and Technological Change in Indian Agriculture

Land Reforms - Achievements and failures of Land Reforms - Problems of Marginal and Small
Farmers – Technical change in Indian Agriculture – Expansion of irrigation, use of HYV seeds,
fertilizers, plant protection measures, Machinery and electricity in agriculture - Soil Conservation,
Dry Farming, Land Reclamation and Development.
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Module 5 : Agricultural Marketing and Prices
Nature of Demand for Farm Products; Structure of Agricultural Product Markets; Marketing
Functions; Channels of Agriculture Marketing; Marketing Efficiency; Input Supply and
Distribution in India-Seeds and Fertilizers, Terms of trade between agricultural and non-
agricultural prices, Agricultural price policy.
Reading List :
1. Acharya, S.S. and N.L.Agarwal (1987): Agricultural Marketing in India, Oxford & IBH,
New Delhi.
2. Dantawala,M.L. (Ed) (1991): Indian Agricultural Development Since Independence,
Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
3. Eicher, C and L Witt (Eds)(1970): Agriculture in Economic Development, Vora & Co,
Bombay.
4. Heady, E.O. (1964): Agricultural Production Economics and Resource Use, PHI New
Delhi.
5. Mellor, J.W. (1969): Economics of Agriculture Vora & Co. Bombay.
6. Sadhu, A.N. and A.Singh (1985): Fundamentals of Agricultural Economics, Himalaya
Publication House, Bombay.
7. Soni, R.N Leading Issues in Agricultural Economics, Arihant publishers, Jalandhar.
8. Bilgrami, S.A.R. (1996): Agricultural Economics, Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi
9. Lekhi, R.K. and Joginder Singh. (2015): Agricultural Economics, Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
10. Rudra, A. (1982): Indian Agricultural Economics: Myths and Reality, Allied Publishers,
New Delhi.
11. Saini, G.R. (1979): Farm Size, Resource Use Efficiency and Income Distribution, Allied
Publishers, New Delhi.
12. Sankaran, S. (1973): Agricultural Economy of India, Progressive Corporation Private Ltd.,
Bombay.
Paper No: 1.5.3: INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS

Objectives:
1. To understand the various problems confronting the entrepreneurs in the process of
industrialization.
2. To study the significance of Industrialization for a developing country for its survival in the highly
challenging, complicated and dynamic competitive economic systems.
3. To examine the impact of rationalization in the process of development and expansion of major and
small-scale industries.
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Module 1 : Framework and Problems of Industrial Economics
Concepts and Organization of Firm; Ownership, Control and Objectives of the Firm; Passive and
Active Behaviour of the Firm; Market Structure; Product Differentiation; Entry Conditions;
Economies of Scale; Market Structure and Profitability; Theories of Industrial Location; Weber
and Sargent Florence; Factors Affecting Location.
Module 2 : Market Conduct and Performance

Product Pricing; Marginal Costing; Administered Pricing; Theories and Evidence; Investment;
Expenditure; Theories and Empirical Evidence on Mergers and Acquisitions; Diversification, Size
and Growth of a Firm; Growth and Profitability of a Firm; Constraints on Growth, Productivity,
Efficiency and Capacity Utilization; Concept and Measurement.
Module 3 : Indian Industrial Growth and Pattern

Classification of Industries; Industrial Policy in India; Role of Public and Private Sector; Recent
Trends; Multinational Corporations and Transfer of Technology. Liberalisation and Privatization,
Regional Industrial Growth in India; Industrial Concentration and Remedial Measures; Issues in
Industrial Pollution and Environmental Preservation, Pollution Control Policies; Industrial
Sickness
Module 4 : Industrial Finance

Role, Nature, Value and Types of Institutional Finance; IDBI, IFCI, ICICI, SFCs, SIDBI, and
Commercial Banks, Profit and Loss Account; Assessment of Financial Soundness and Ratio
Analysis.
Module 5 : Current Problems of Selected Industries

Iron and Steel, Cotton Textiles, Sugar, Cement, IT and Engineering Goods Industries;
Development of Small Scale and Cottage Industries in India: Current issues: Make-in-India and
Skill development.
Reading List :
1. Ahluwalia, I.J. (1985): Industrial Growth in India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
2. Barthwal, R.R. (1985): Industrial Economics, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Cherunilam, F. (1994): Industrial Economics: Indian Perspective (3rd Edition), Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbai.
4. Dasai, B. (1999): Industrial Economy in India (3rd Edition), Himalaya Publishing House,
Mumbai.
5. Divine, P.J. and R.M.Jones et.al. (1976): An Introduction to Industrial Economics, George
Allen and Unwin Ltd., London
6. Government of India: Economic Survey (Annual).
7. Hay,D.and D.J.Morris(1979): Industrial Economics:Theory and Evidence, Oxford
University Press, New Delhi.
8. Kuchhal, S.C. (1980): Industrial Economy of India (5th Edition), Chaitanya Publishing
House, Allahabad.
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9. Reserve Bank of India: Report on Currency and Finance (Annual).
10. Singh, A. and A.N. Sadhu (1988): Industrial Economics, Himalaya Publishing House,
Bombay.
Paper No: 1.5.4 : REGIONAL ECONOMICS

Objectives:
1) To enable the students to gain the indepth knowledge of regional economics.
2) To acquaint the students with the comprehensive understanding of the Regional imbalances in
India and Karnataka.
3) To enable the students to understand the techniques of Regional Economics.
Definition and Scope of Regional Economics - Regional Economics as an Independent Field of
Academic Enquiry; Region-Concept, Types of Region, Importance of Regionalization,
Approaches to Regionalization, Globalization and Regionalization and Indicators of Regional
Development.
Module 2 : Regional Growth

Neo-Classical Growth Models; Cumulative Causation Model; Center-Periphery Model; Growth
Pole Analysis; Convergence and Divergence of Disparities in Per Capita Regional Income;
Techniques of Regional Analysis.
Module 3 : Inter-regional Differentials in India's Development

Regional Characteristics in India and Imbalances; Agriculture; Industry; Physical Infrastructure:
Social Sector; Role of Planning Commission and Finance Commission in reducing regional
imbalances. Liberalization and regional imbalances.
Module 4 : Regional Economic policy and planning

Importance and Objectives of Regional Economic Policy - Formulation of Regional Economic
Policy; Tools and Techniques - Implementation Mechanism and Limitations; Regional Planning -
Backward Area Development Programmes - Institutional and Policy Framework for Removal of
Regional Disparities - New Economic Policy and Regional Disparities.
Module 5 : Regional Disparities in Karnataka

Trends in the Level of Development and State Income; Inter-District Variations in the Rate of
Development and Per Capita Income; Regional Disparities in Agriculture and Irrigation
Development; Regional Disparities in Industrial Development and Industrial Dispersal Policies;
Incentives for Development of Industries in Backward Areas; Banking and Regional Development;
Economic Infrastructure and Regional Development.
16
Reading List :
1. Beckman.M. (1969): Location Theory, Random House, London.
2. Bhalla, G.S.and Y.K.Alagh (1989): Performance of Indian Agriculture: A District-wise
Study, Sterling, New Delhi.
3. Brahmananda, P.R.and V.R.Panchamukhi (Eds.)(2001): Development Experience in the
Indian Economy. Inter-State Perspectives, Bookwell, Delhi.
4. Dholakia, R.H. (1985): Regional Disparity in Economic Growth in India, Himalaya
Publishing House, Bombay.
5. Hansen, N.M. (1974): Public Policy and Regional Economic Development: The Experience
in Nine Western Countries, Ballinger, Massachusetts.
6. Hooverm E.N. (1974), An Introduction to Regional Economics, Alfred.A.Knopf, New
York.
7. Isard, W. (1960): Methods of Regional Analysis, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
8. Mayer (1980): Regional Development Planning in India.
9. Nair, KR.G. (1982): Regional Experience in a Developing Economy, Wiley; Eastern, New
Delhi.
10. Rao, H. (1984): Regional Disparities and Development in India, Ashish Publishing House,
New Delhi.
11. Richardson, H.N. (1969): Regional Economics, Weidenfield & Nicolson, London.
12. Richardson (1973): Elements of Regional Economics, MacMillan London.
Paper No: 1.6 - RURAL DEVELOPMENT (Compulsory/ Hard Core)
Objectives:
1. To understand the basics of rural development, including characteristics, problems, theories

and programmes of rural redevelopment
2. To study the trends and patterns of economic diversification in rural areas;
3. To study the role of infrastructural facilities and governance in rural development and
4. To enable the students to know about significance of rural enterprises and agricultural allied
activities.
Rural Development- Meaning, Objectives and Characteristics of Rural Economy of India;
Approaches to Rural Development Programmes-Gandhian Model, Community Development
Approach, Minimum Needs Approach, Integrated Rural Development and Inclusive Growth
Approach.
17
Module 2 : Poverty and Unemployment in Rural India
Poverty-Meaning, Measurement, Causes, Trends in Poverty; Unemployment- Meaning, types,
Measurement, Causes and Consequences, Status ofUnemployment and Unemployment in Major
States; Review of Swaran Jayanti Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) and Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS).
Module 3 : Rural Enterprises and Development
MSMEs- Meaning, Importance, Classification, Progress and Problems; Rural Non- Agricultural
Employment in India- Importance, Growth, Regional Pattern and Determinants; Rural
Industrialisation- Importance, Programmes, Progress and Problems of Small- Scale Industries
(SSI) and Remedial Measures; Agriculture allied activities (Dairy farming, fishery).
Module 4 : Rural Credit and Agriculture Markets

Rural Credit- Sources, Credit Co-operative Societies (PACs and PCARDBs); Regional Rural
Banks; Rural Markets- Meaning, Types and Defects and Government Measures for Removal of
Defects; Co-operative Marketing Societies-Meaning, Structure, Importance, Achievements,
Problems and Remedial Measures; Regulated Markets- Meaning, Structure, Importance,
Achievements, Problems and Remedial Measures.
Module 5 : Rural Governance and Infrastructure

Panchayat Raj Institutions Legislations powers, Functions and sources of revenue- Role of N.G.Os
in rural development; Rural Infrastructure- Educational and Health infrastructure; Housing and
Sanitation; Drinking Water Supply; Rural Transport and Communication; Rural Energy; Rural
Electrification.

1. List the Rural development and employment generation programmes in India.
2. Undertake evaluation study on rural development programmes and prepare an assignment.
3. Undertake evaluation study on employment generation programmes and prepare an
assignment.
4. Interview Gram Panchayat members and prepare brief note on their participation in rural
development.
5. Prepare an assignments on rural cooperative credit banks/ cooperative markets/ regulated
markets.
Reading List :
1. Chambers, R. (1983): Rural Development: Putting the Last First, Longman, Harlow.
2. Dandekar, V.M. and N. Rath (1971): Poverty in India, GIPE, Pune.
3. Dantwala, M. L. (1973): Poverty in India: Then and Now, 1870-1970, Macmillan, Bombay.
4. Gupta. K .R. (Ed) (2003): Rural Development in India, Atlantic Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi.
18
5. Jain, Gopal Lal (1997): Rural Development, Mangal Deep Publications, Jaipur,
6. Singh, Katar (1986): Rural Development: Principles, Polices and Management, Sage
Publications, New Delhi, (Second Edition).
7. Karalay, G. N. (2005): Integrated Approach to Rural Development: Polices, Programmes
and Strategies, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.
8. Maheshwari, S. R. (1985): Rural Development in India, Sage, Publications New Delhi.
9. Satya Sundaram, I. (1997): Rural Development, Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi.
10. Mehta, Shiv R. (1984): Rural Development Polices and Programmes, Sage Publications,
New Delhi.
11. Tyagi, B. P. (1998): Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Jai Prakash Math
and Co., Meerut.
19
M.A. ECONOMICS
Syllabus
II SEMESTER
Examination
Teaching
Hours per Sem End Total
Paper No. Title of the Paper week Credit IA Marks Marks Marks
2.1 Welfare Economics 4 4 20 80 100

2.2 Monetary Economics 4 4 20 80 100
2.3 Indian Public Finance 4 4 20 80 100
2.4 International Finance 4 4 20 80 100
II Soft Core/ Specialization / optional

(any one)
2.5.1 Indian Financial System 4 4 20 80 100

2.5.2 Agri-Business 4 4 20 80 100
2.5.3 Economics of Labour 4 4 20 80 100
2.5.4 Urban Economics 4 4 20 80 100
2.6.1 Indian Economy 4 4 20 80 100

2.6.2 Business Economics 4 4 20 80 100
20
M.A. ECONOMICS
II SEMESTER
Paper No: 2.1: WELFARE ECONOMICS (Compulsory/ Hard Core)
Objectives:
1. To enable the students to understand the theories of Distribution with reference to rent, wages,
interest and social welfare function.
2. To explain the fundamentals of Welfare economics.
3. To analyze the working of General and partial equilibrium Theories.
4. To help Students to understand the in theory of risk and uncertainly.
Module 1 : Welfare Economics

Pigovian Welfare Economics; Pareto Optimality Conditions; Value Judgment; Social Welfare
Function; Compensation Principle; Theory of Second Best; Arrow‘s Impossibility Theorem;
Rawl‘s Theory of Justice, Maximisation of Social Welfare; Derivation of Grand Utility Frontier;
Module 2 : Distribution
Neoclassical Approach-Marginal Productivity Theory; Product Exhaustion Theorem; Theory of
Distribution in Imperfect Product and Factor Markets; Determination of Rent, Wages, Interest and
Profit; Macro-Theories of Distribution-Marx, Kalecki and Kaldor.
Module 3 : General Equilibrium

Partial and General Equilibrium; Inter-dependence in the economy: Walrasian Excess Demand and
Input-Output Approaches to General Equilibrium; Existence, Stability and Uniqueness of
Equilibrium, General Equilibrium and Allocation of Resources - Prices of Commodities and
Factors - Factor Ownership and Income Distribution.
Module 4 : Economics of Uncertainty

Individual Behaviors Towards Risk; Expected Utility and Uncertainty; Equivalence Approaches;
Risk and Risk Aversion; Gambling and Insurance; Economics of Insurance; Cost and Risk; Risk
Pooling and Risk Spreading; Uncertainty;
Module 5 : Economics of Information

Economics of Search—Different Models; Efficient Market Hypothesis; Stochastic Models of
Inventory Demand; Markets with Asymmetric Information; Incomplete Information; Search and
Transaction Costs; Economics of Information.

1. Prepare note on 10 years profit of firms.
2. Prepare an assignment on risk coverage by insurance companies based on empirical
evidences.
3. List examples of commodities in asymmetric markets and their functioning.
21
4. Take any source of information and prepare detailed note on impact of sources on
consumer behavior.
5. List ways and means of search for information.
Reading List :
1. Broadway R.W.and N.Bruce, (1984): Welfare Economics, Basil Blackwell, London.
2. Brofen Brenner, M. (1979): Income Distribution Theory, Macmillan, London.
3. Dacosta, G.C. (1980): Production Prices and Distribution, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
4. Diamond and Rothschild (Eds) (1978): Uncertainty in Economics, Academic Press, New
York.
5. Hirshelifer J and A. Glazer (1997): Price Theory and Applications, Prentice Hall of India.
6. Koutsoyiannis. A. (1979): Modern Micro Economics, Macmillan Press, London.
7. Mishan.E.J. (1969): Welfare Economics: An assessment, North Holland., Amsterdam.
8. Qurk,J.and R Saponnik (1968): Introduction to General Equilibrium and Welfare
Economics, McGraw Hill, New York.
9. R.S.Pindyck and D.Rubenfeld, (1995): Micro Economics, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi.
10. Sen,Anindya (1999): Micro Economics: Theory and Applications, Oxford University Press,
New Delhi.
11. Weintrub.E.R. (1974) General Equilibrium Theory, McMillan, London.
12. Borch K. H (1968) : The Economics of Uncertainty, Princeton University Press, ,
Princeton.
Paper No: 2.2: MONETARY ECONOMICS (Compulsory/ Hard Core)
Objectives:
1. To highlight the fundamentals of demand and supply of money.
2. To provide comprehensive understanding of modern quantity theory of money, theories of inflation,

Business Cycles and their policy implications.
3. To enhance students ability to understand and interpret the behavior of the aggregate variables at
global and national level.
Module 1 : Theory of Money Supply

Forms of money - Modern Monetary System - Concepts of money supply and main components,
Measures of money supply, Determinants of money supply, High powered money and Money
multiplier, Money and Near money assets, RBI Approach to money supply, Budget Deficits and
money Supply, money supply and open economy, Control over money supply.
22
Module 2 : Theory of Money Value and Demand for money
Classical Quantity theory of money, meaning of value of money, Fisher‘s equation, Cambridge
equation, Keynesian theory of demand for money, Tobin‘s Portfolio approach to demand for
money, Baumol‘s Inventory Approach to Transactions demand for money, Friedman‘s
Restatement of the Quantity theory of money, Theories of interest - Classical, Neo-Classical and
Keynes views on interest, IS-LM model, Explaining roles of Fiscal and monetary policies.
Module 3 : Theory of Inflation and Stagflation

Theories of Inflation:- The Demand - Pull Inflation, Cost - Push Inflation, Monetarist theory of
inflation, the Structural Hypothesis, inflation - unemployment Trade-off: Phillips curve, Collapse
of Phillips curve, Natural rate of Hypothesis, Short - run and Long-run Phillips curve, Tobin‘s
modified Phillips curve, Concept of Stagflation, Causes of Stagflation - empirical evidence,
Polices to control inflation and stagflation.
Module 4 : Economic Fluctuation and Global Recession

Concepts and Phases of Business cycles, Monetary theory of the business cycles, Hansen theory of
business cycles, Hicks theory of business cycles, Schumpeter‘s Innovation theory of business
cycle, Real Business cycle theory, The global recession; Policy measures to control business cycle.
Module 5 : Macro Economic Policy and Open Economy.

Meaning and objectives of macro economic policy; conflicts or Trade-off in policy objectives, The
Swan model - Mundellian model, Lags in effects of Economic policy -monetarism v/s
Keynesianism, Balance of payments, International capital movements.

1. List the stock of money in India.
2. Collect the data of price fluctuation in India.
3. Prepare the Balance of payment accounts of the India.
4. Collect the data of inflow of FDI in India.
Reading List :
1. Ackeley G. (1978): Macro Economics: Theory and Policy, McMillan, New York.
2. Blackhouse, R and A. Salansi (Eds) (2000): Macro Economics and the Real World, OUP,
London.
3. Branson, W.A. (1989): Macro Economic Theory and Policy, Harper and Row, New York.
4. Dornbusch, R and F. Stanley (1997): Macro Economics, McGraw Hill, New York.
5. Edward Shapiro (1996): Macro Economic Analysis, Galgotia Publications, New Delhi.
6. Gupta R.D.and Rana A.S. (1998): Post-Keynesian Economics, Kalyani Publishers,
Ludhiana.
7. Hall.R.E. and J.B.Taylor. (1986): Macro Economics, W W Norton, New York.
8. Jha.R. (1999): Contemporary Macro Economic Theory and Policy, New Age International,
New Delhi.
23
9. Laidler, D.F.W. (1977): Demand for Money: Theory and Evidence Dum-Don Valley, New
York.
10. Reddy.Y.V. (2000): A Review of Monetary and Financial Sector Reforms in India UBSPD,
New Delhi.
11. Romer, D.L. (1996): Advanced Macro Economics, McGraw Hill, New York.
12. Taylor.K. (1983): Structuralist Macro Economics Basic Books, New Longman.
13. H L Ahuja (2017): Macroeconomics theory and policy, New Delhi.
14. D N Dwivedi (2012): Macroeconomics, New Delhi.
15. M L. Jhingan (2017): Macro Economic Theory, Delhi.
Paper No: 2.3: INDIAN PUBLIC FINANCE (Compulsory/ Hard Core)
Objectives:
Managing the public finance in most of the developing economies like India is becoming
more complex in the market-driven economy, but it has to be efficiently managed. The
purpose of this paper is to equip the students with the trends and patterns of public revenue
mobilization, public expenditure, fiscal deficits , public debt and its management. It also
aims at understanding the public policy and fiscal situation of India in changing global
environment.
Module 1 : Public Revenue

Sources of Revenue-Tax and Non-Tax Revenue; Trends and Patterns of Tax Revenue– Direct and
Indirect Taxes; Direct Tax Code; Indirect Taxes – Goods and Services Tax (GST)-Objectives,
Scope Classification of GST, Tax Rates, Trends and Patterns of GST and Impact of GST on Indian
Economy; Tax Reforms in India-Review of Earlier Committees and Evaluation of Kelkar and
Chellaiah Committees.
Module 2 : Public Expenditure and Debt

Structure and Trends in Public Expenditure of Central and State Governments, Causes for Increase
in Public Expenditure; Expenditure Control and Accountability – Fiscal Responsibility and Budget
Management (FRBM) Act; Issues in Public Expenditure- Equity, Efficiency, Welfare and Social
Security; Impact of Public Expenditure on Indian Economy; Recommendations of Expenditure
Reforms Commission (ERC) in India.
Sources of Public Debt - Internal and External - Burden of Public Debt- Public Borrowings and
Crowding out of Private Investment ; Trends, Structure and Redemption of Public Debt in India.
24
Module 3 : Budget and Fiscal Policy
Classification of Budgets and Budget Preparation - Budgetary Deficits: Concepts, Significance and
Estimation; Deficit Financing – Methods and Implications; Government Accounting – Techniques
of Budgetary Control ; Analysis of Current Budget; Fiscal Policy –Objectives, Techniques and
Targets of Fiscal Policy, Interdependence between Fiscal and Monetary Policies ,Fiscal Policy and
Stabilisation; Automatic and Discretionary Stabilisation - Long term Fiscal Policy.
Module 4 : Fiscal Federalism
Principles of Federal Finance- Fiscal Federalism in India- Assignment of Functions and Sources of
Revenue – Constitutional Provisions ; Finance Commissions and Devolution of Resources- Grants
–in- aid- Resource Transfer from Union to States and Local Bodies - Criteria NITI Ayoga for
Transfer of Resources ; Centre – State Financial Relations in India –14th Finance Commission
Recommendations. Problems of States Resources and Indebtedness.
Module 5 : State and Local Finances

State Finance-Introduction, Source of State Finance- Revenue and Capital Account; Financial
Trends and Fiscal Consolidation; Local Finance- Introduction, Multi -level Governance-Local
Bodies and their Functions - Finances of Local Bodies - Local Taxation, Criteria for Resource
allocation to the local bodies, 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments.

1. Prepare data base for direct taxes.
2. Prepare data base of GST since its inception.
3. Working of GST in the context of India Prepare a report.
4. Interact with retail sellers and consumers and prepare assignment on impact of GST on
them.
5. Prepare trends in Public expenditure of India with empirical evidence.
6. Compare and analyse the previous and current union Budget in India.
7. Contributions of NITI Ayoga in Indian Public Finance.
Reading List:
1. Annigeri, V. B., R. S. Deshpande and Ravindra Dholakia (Eds.) (2018): Issues in Indian
Public Policy, Springer, Singapore.
2. Bagchi A. (2005) : Readings in Public Finance, Cambridge University Press, New Delhi
3. Bhatia, H. L. (2015): Public Finance, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Chand, S. N. (2013): Public Finance, Atlantic Publishers and Distributors (P) Ltd., New
Delhi.
5. Government of India: Annual Budget Reports, Ministry of Finance, New Delhi.
6. Jha, Rajesh K. (2012): Public Finance, Pearson Education House Ltd., Delhi.
7. Lekhi, R.K. and Joginder Singh (2015): Public Finance, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
8. Malhotra, Rajeev (2014): India Public Policy Report 2014, Oxford University Press, New
Delhi.
25
9. Om Prakash (2016): Public Economics: Theory and Practice, Vishal Publishing Co.
Jalandhar- Delhi.
10. Rao, Govind (2010): Public Finance: Theory and Practice Essay in Honour of A.Bagchi ,
11. Ray, Partha (2013): Monetary Policy, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
12. Singh, S.K. (2015): Public Economics: Theory and Practice S. Chand and Co., New Delhi.
13. Tyagi B.P. and H. P. Singh (2016): Public Finance, Jayaprakashnath and Company,
Meerut, India.
Paper No: 2.4: INTERNATIONAL FINANCE (Compulsory/ Hard Core)
Objectives:
1. To enrich the knowledge of working of International monetary system.
2. To equip the students to understand the problems and prospects of International Financial
Institutions.
3. To understand the international resources and MNCs.
Module 1 : World Trade Organization

Brief History of General Agreement on Trade and Tariff (GATT); Achievements of GATT;
Superiority of World Trade Organisation (WTO) over GATT; WTO: Functions, Objectives,
Agreements, TRIPS, TRIMS; WTO and LDC, Trade and Environment; Doha Development
Rounds- Recent Developments in WTO, Regionalism vs Multilateralism; India`s foreign trade
before and during the WTO regime; Trade Reforms in India.
Module 2 : Economic Integration and Forms of Integration

Theory of Economic Integration- Types of Economic Integration - Static and dynamic effects of a
customs union - South cooperation - Rationale and economic progress of SAARC, SAPTA and
ASEAN regions - Problems and prospects of forming a customs union in the Asian region -
Regionalism (EU, EFTA, NAFTA) - Indian trade integration with other countries, CECA, CEPA
etc.
Module 3 : The International Monetary System:
The Gold Standard and the Interwar Experience-The Bretton Woods System; The Gold- Exchange
Standard; Borrowing from the International Monetary Fund; Operation of the Bretton Woods
System; Evolution of the Bretton Woods System; U.S. Balance-of-Payments Deficits and Collapse
of the Bretton Woods System.
Module 4 : International Financial Institutions

IMF, IBRD, IDA and ADB – Purpose, Organisation and Functions, Lending Operations and
Technical Assistance. Problems with Present Exchange Rate Arrangements; Proposals for
Reforming Present Exchange Rate Arrangements; Financial Crises in Emerging Market
Economies; Other Current International Economic Problems.
26
Module 5 : International Resource Movements and Multinational Corporations
Introduction; International Capital Flows; Conceptual framework—Types, The theory of
transnational corporations and foreign direct investment; Competitive advantages, drivers and
motives; Sources of competitive advantages; Drivers to internationalization; Home country drivers
(push factors); Host country drivers (pull factors); Motives and Welfare Effects of International
Capital Flows; Multinational Corporations – Effects on the Investing and Host Countries; Labour
Migration - Motives and Effects of International Labour Migration.

1. Prepare note on Recent development in WTO.
2. Prepare database for India‘s foreign trade.
3. Data base for India‘s borrowings from IMF.
4. Data base for FDI in India.
5. Prepare list of MNCs in India.
Reading List:
1. Sodersten, B. (1993): International Economics, Macmillan, London
2. Kindleberger, C.P. (1976): International Economics, R.D. Irwin Homewood.
3. Salvatore (1990): International Economics, Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
4. Vaish, M. C. and Sudama Singh (1980): International Economics, (3rd Edition), Oxford
and IBH Publication, New Delhi.
5. Peter B. Kenen (1994): The International Economics, Cambridge Edition.
6. Krugman, Paul R. and Maurice Obstfield (2000): International Economics, Theory and
Policy, Addison–Wesley.
7. Grable, J.O. (1996): International Financial Markets, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New
York.
8. Soloman, R. (1982): The International Monetary System 1945-1981, Harper and Row
Publishers, New York.
9. Carbough, R.J. (2017): International Economics, (16th Edition) International Thompson
Publishing, New York.
10. Dana, M.S. (2017): International Economics: Study, Guide and Workbook, (5th dition),
Rutledge Publishers, London.
11. Gita Gopinatha, Elhanan, Helpman Kenneth and Regoff (2014): Handbook of International
Economics, Elsevier Publications
12. Jackson, J. (1998): The World Trading System, Cambridge University Press, Mass.
13. Jagadish, N. Bhagwati (1983): Dependence and Interdependence (Ed.) by Gane Grossman,
Vol.2, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
14. World Investment Report (2006): FDI from Developing and Transition Economies:
27
Paper No: 2.5.1: - INDIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM
(Soft Core/Specialization /Optional)
Objectives :
1. To understand the Indian financial system, Non - Bank Financial Institutions, Insurance, Investment
Banking, Merchant Banking, Mutual Funds Insurance, Foreign Exchange Market and Financial
Sector Reforms.
2. It also aims at familiarizing the students fully with the changing role of financial institutions in the
process of economic growth and development in India .
Module 1 : Financial Systems in India

Financial System: Significance and Definition - Purpose and Organization. Financial System and
Economic Development; Financial Intermediation and Economic Development in India.
Module 2 : Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFIs)

The Fundamental aspects of NBFIs - New Theory of Finance - Role and Significance of NBFIs
and Monetary Theory in Developed Countries and Developing Countries - The Structure and
Growth of NBFIs in India - Financial Sector Reforms - Liberalization Measures for NBFIs (1996)
- Capital Issues of Finance Companies - assets of NBFIs - Leasing Companies.
Module 3 : Insurance, Investment Banking, Merchant Banking & Mutual Funds

Insurance: Growth and Structure of Insurance Companies - Life Insurance Corporation and its
Progress - General Insurance Companies and their Functions - Reforms in the Insurance Sector
.Investment banking: Investment Banks- Introduction, Functions, Types - Investment Banking
Services and Commercial Banks - Their Activities. NABARD, IDBI, FFCI, FDBI, ICICI, SIDBI,
SFC‘s, NSDL, CSDL. Mutual Funds: Introduction - Mutual Funds in India - Types of Mutual
Funds - Return from Mutual Funds - SEBIs Directives - Private Mutual Funds - Asset
Management Company - Unit Trust of India - Components of investment Performance - Money
Market Mutual Funds - RBI Guidelines.
Module 4 : Financial Regulations:

Central Bank-bank regulations; Non-banking regulations-SEBI, FEMA, IRAI-Market regulation;
Forex market; Transmission mechanism; Interest rate: nominal and real interest rate; Indian State;
Shadow banking; Role of money lender-Financial Inclusion; Role of capital in financial
intermediation; Basel rules and their implementation in India; Financial sector reforms in India.
Module 5 :Issues in India’s Financial system

High levels of NPA- historical and current; Recovery and asset reconstruction ecosystem;
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016; Under-penetration of credit in SME sector; Role of
frauds; Consumer protection: mis-selling of MFs/ insurance policies.
28
1. Prepare detailed profile of different insurance companies in India.
2. Collect information on deposits and lending of NBFIs in India.
3. Visit Insurance office (like LIC) and collect information on policies, amount insured and
problems.
4. Visit ICICI bank, Commercial banks, Financial societies, KSFC office, VTI and Prepare
profile on their functioning.
5. Visit private banks and interact with manager/s and other staff and prepare an assignment
on their functioning.
6. Prepare note on NPA of different banks in India with 10 years empirical evidences.
7. Refer RBI bulletin and prepare date base for Indian banks.
Reading List:
1. Pathak, B. V., ―The Indian Financial System: Markets, Institutions and Services‖, Pearson
Education, 2nd Edition, 2010.
2. Bhole, L. M. and Mahukud, J., ―Financial Institutions and Markets‖, Tata McGraw-Hill,
5th Edition, 2011.
3. Khan, M. Y., ―Indian Financial System‖, Tata McGraw-Hill, 7th Edition, 2011.
4. Bhole, L. M. (2000): Indian Financial System, Chugh Publications, Allahabad.
5. Khan, M. Y. (2009): Indian Financial System, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, New Delhi.
6. Machiraju, H.R. (2019): Indian Financial System, Fifth Edition, Vikas Publishing House
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
7. Nirmala, Prasad and Chandradass J. (2016): Banking and Financial System, Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbai
8. Pathak, Bharati V. (2011): The Indian Financial System: Markets, Institutions and Services
, Pearson Education, New Delhi, India.
9. Reserve Bank of India: Report on Currency and Finance (latest edition).
10. Vasant, Desai (2017): The Indian Financial System and Development, Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbai
Paper No: 2.5.2: AGRI-BUSINESS (Soft Core/Specialization /Optional)
Objectives:
1. To understand the present status and features of agri-business in India
2. To study the trends and patterns of agro-processing, marketing, pricing of agricultural

products.
3. To prepare the students to manage and promote the growth of agri-business by providing
necessary information.
4. To enable the students to understand the impact of WTO on Indian agri-business.
29
Module 1 : Introduction to Agri-Business
Meaning of Agri-business; Need for Agri-Business; Characteristics of Agri-Business in India;
Commercialization of Agriculture leading to Agri-Business; Trends and Pattern and Factors
Module 2 : Agro-Processing in India

Agro- Processing- Structure and Classification; Agro-Food Processing-Structure, Size and Growth;
Features and Classification-Foodgrains/Pulse Milling, Milk and Milk Products, Fish and Poultry;
Horticulture and Plantation- Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers; Coffee, Tea and Rubber and Spices;
Oil Seed Processing ; Sugar Production; Agro-Non-food Processing-Textiles (Cotton, Silk and
Jute).
Module 3 : Agricultural Marketing

Concept, Structure, Importance, Defects of Agricultural Markets in India; Functions of
Agricultural Marketing- Packaging, Transportation, Grading and Standardization, and Storage and
Warehousing; Role of Government in Promoting Agricultural Marketing in India; Promotion of
Regulated Markets (APMCs)-Importance, Functions, Problems and Remedial Measures
Module 4 : Agricultural Prices

Instability in Agricultural Prices- Causes and Effects and Fluctuations; Need for Stabilization in
Agricultural Prices; Cobweb Model; Agricultural Price Policy in India-Need, Objectives, Origin
and Development, Instruments, Limitations and Suggestions.
Module 5 : WTO and Agri-Exports

International Trade in Agri-business- WTO and Agreement on Agriculture (AOA), Trends in
Import and Export of Agricultural Commodities, Role of Multinational Corporations in Agri-
exports; Agri- Export Zones in India-Importance, Functions, Progress, Problems and Prospects.
Reading List :
1. Acharya, S. S. and Agarwal N. L. (1994): Agricultural Marketing in India (Second
Edition), Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
2. Bhalla, G.S. (1994): Economic Liberalisation and Indian Agriculture, Institute for Studies
in Industrial Development, New Delhi.
3. Dandekar, V. M. (1994): The Indian Economy: 1947-92,Vol.I, Agriculture, Sage, New
Delhi.
4. Dantawala M.L. (1991): Indian Agricultural Development since Independence (Second
Edition), Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
5. Gulati, A. and T. Kelly, (1997): Trade Liberalisation and Indian Agriculture, Oxford
6. Hansra, B. S. and Vijayaragavan, K (2003): Agribusiness and Extension Management,
Concept Publishing company, New Delhi.
7. Kahlon A. S.and Tyagi D.S. (1983): Agricultural Price Policy in India; Allied Publishers,
New Delhi.
30
8. Lekhi, R. K. and Joginder Singh (1999): Agricultural Economics, Kalyani Publishers, New
Delhi.
9. Mamoria, C. B. (1999): Agricultural Problems of India, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad.
10. Omvi Rawling: Introduction to Agri-Business PHI, New Jersey.
11. Raj. K.N.et.al (1988): Essays in Commercialization of Indian Agriculture, Oxford
12. Soni, R.N. (1995): Leading Issues in Agricultural Economics, Arihant Press, Jalandhar.
13. Vaidhyanathan.A. (1989): Livestock Economy of India, Oxford & IBH, New Delhi.
Paper No: 2.5.3: ECONOMICS OF LABOUR

Objectives:
1. To know the problems in the area of human and industrial relations.
2. To analyze the role of officials, managers executives, labor-leaders, workers off in

industrial undertakings.
3. To know the policy measures undertaken by the Government. of India in promoting the
interests of labour class.
Module 1 : Labour Markets

Nature and Characteristics of Labour Market; Paradigms of Labour Market Analysis; Classical,
Neo-Classical and Modern Analysis of Demand and Supply Forces; Demand For Labour in
Relation to Size and Pattern of Investment; Supply of Labour in Relation to Growth of Labour
Force; Methods of Recruitment and Placement; Globalization and Labour Market, Labour market
polices.
Module 2 : Employment
Employment and Development Relationship; Unemployment-Concept, Types and Measurement
(with reference to India); Impact of Rationalization; Technological Change and Modernization of
Employment in Organised Private Industry; Employment in Public Sector Industry; Analysis of
Educated Unemployment; Employment Policies in Five-Year Plans and Evaluation.
Module 3 : Wage determination

Neo-Classical and Bargaining Theories of Wage Determination; Concepts of Minimum Wage,
Living Wage and Fair Wage in Theory and Practice; Productivity and Wage Policy; Wage Boards
in India; Bonus System and Profit Sharing.
31
Module 4 : Industrial Relations
Growth and Structure of Labour Unions in India; Causes of Industrial Disputes; their Settlement
and Prevention Mechanism; Role of tri-partitism; Current Trends in Collective Bargaining; Labour
Legislation in India; Labour Management Relations.
Module 5 : State and Labour

State and Social Security of Labour; Concepts of Social Security and its Evaluation; Labour
Welfare in India; Child Labour; Female Labour and Gender Bias in Payment of Wages; Exit
Policy; National Commission on Labour; Globalisation and Labour market.
Reading List :
1. Datt.G. (1996): Bargaining Power, Wages and Employment: An Analysis of Agricultural
Labour Markets in India, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
2. Hajela, P.D. (1998): Labour Restructuring in India: A Critique of the New Economic
Policies, Commonwealth Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Jhabvala, R.and R.K.Subrahmanya (Eds.)(2000): The Unorganised Sector: Work Security
and Social Protection, Sage Publication, New Delhi.
4. Lester, R.A. (1964): Economics of Labour, (2nd Ed).Macmillan, NewYork.
5. McConnell, C.R.and S.L.Brue: Contemporary Labour Economics, McGraw;Hill, New
York.
6. Papola,T.S., P.P.Ghosh an A.N.Sharma (Eds.)(1993): Labour Employment and
7. Rosenberg M.R. (1998): ―Labour Markets in Low Income Countries‖ in Chenery, H.B. and
T.N.Srinivasan, (Eds.).The Handbook of Development Economics, North;Holland, New
York.
8. Venkata Ratnam, C.S. (2001): Globalization and Labour: Management Relations:
Dynamics of Change, Sage Publications/ Response Books, New Delhi.
Paper 2.5.4 : URBAN ECONOMICS (Soft Core/Specialization /Optional)
Objectives:
1) Introduce the Students to the different dimensions of urban economics.
2) To understand the theories of urban growth.
3) To create awareness in Students regarding the urban problems, planning and its governance
India.
32
Module 1 : Introduction to Urban Economics
Nature and Scope - Process of Urbanization-Factors initiating Urbanization process –City Stages-
The Economic Theory of Urban Spatial Structures –Urban Land-use: Models of Household
Residential Locational Decision -Land-use Framework–Von Thunen:
Module 2 : Urbanization in India

Urbanization – Definition and Basic Concepts, Factors Influencing Urbanization, Process of
Urbanization-Different Stages of Urbanisation, Indicators of Urbanization – Level of
Urbanization-Size of Million Plus Cities, Urbanization in India, Extent of Urban sprawls
Module 3 : Labour Market, Migration and Urbanization

Urban Labour Market- Urban Migration – Urban Informal Sector - Slums and Poverty- Theories of
Migration - Revenstein, Everest, Todaro and Lee‘s Theories of Migration. Contribution of
Migration in Urban Growth in India- Problem of Urban Unemployment in India.
Module 4 : Theories of Urban Growth

Christaller‘s Central Place Theory, Urban Spatial Structure – Urban Economic Base and Urban
Growth – Agglomeration Economics – Rank Size Distribution of Cities – Richard Muth, Burgess
Theories of Urban Growth.
Module 5 : Urban Problems and Planning

Urban Housing Problem- Urban Transport – Urban Environment, Problem of Pollutions and its
Management – Urban Poverty, Water Supply and Sanitation- Urban Solid Waste Management –
Need for Urban Planning – Objectives and Techniques – Emerging Planning Process – Strategies
and Issues.
Reading List :
1. Kanhaya Gupta : Urban Development-Debates in the New Millennium (2008), Atlantic

Publishers
2. Arthur O‘Sullivan : Urban Economics 8th Edition, McGraw-Hill
3. Isher Judge Ahluwalia, Ravi Kanbur, D K Mohanty (UBSPD) : Urbanisation in India:
Challenges, Opportunities and the Way Forward(2014).
4. P.Rao : Urban Planning: Theory and Practice
5. Sivaramakrishnan K C, Kundu Amitabh and Singh B N (2010), Handbook of Urbanisation
in India, Second Edition, Oxford University Press
6. Shukla V, Urbanization and Economic Growth, Himalaya Publishers Pvt, LTD
7. Ramachandran R, Urban Economics and Urban Systems in India.
8. Todaro Michael P, Internal Migration in Developing Countries- A Review of Theory,
evidence, methodology and research priorities, ILO Geneva.
9. Bose A. N (1980) : India;s Urbanisation 1991-2001, Tata McGraw-Hill.
10. Button K.J (1977) : Urban Economics, Richard D. Irwin, Homehood, Illionis.
11. Sundarm K.V. (1977) : Urban and Regional Planing in India, Vikas publiing house, New
Delhi.
33
Paper No. 2.6.1: INDIAN ECONOMY (Open Elective)
Objectives:
1. To know the structure of Indian Economy.
2. To study the impact of economic reforms on various sectors of the economy.
3. To analyze the programmes /policies /strategies undertaken by the Govt. of India to

address the economic evils.
Module 1 : Features of Indian Economy and Planning.\

Characteristics of Indian Economy-Mixed Economy Structures and Growth of NI –Objectives,
Strategies and advisements of NITI Ayoga, Regional imbalances
Module 2 : Demographic Features and Infrastructure.

Broad demographic features of Indian population –Rural–Urban migration-Urbanization –Poverty
and inequality-Anti- Poverty Programmes –Physical and Social infrastructure
Module 3 : Agriculture and Industrial Development.

Agricultural Production and Productivity: Institutional Factors in Agricultural Growth –
Agricultural Credit-Marketing –Pricing- Agricultural-Policy-Technological change in agriculture-
Structure and Growth of Industrial Development –Small and Large Industries-Industrial Policy-
Privatization and Disinvestment
Module 4 : Financial Sector and Economic Reforms.

Commercial Banking System-Money and Capital Markets –Non-Banking Financial
Intermediaries; Price trends in India- Demonetization Monetary Policy of RBI Banking Sector
Reforms
Module 5 : Government Finances and Trade

Tax revenue and Non-Tax revenue GST, Objectives, classification, Tax Rates, Impacting GST.
Recent trends in taxation–Pattern of Public Expenditure –Public debt-Fiscal reforms, Foreign
Trade – Composition, Volume and Direction of India as foreign trade reforms –WTO and India
Reading list :
1. A.N. Agarawal (2006):Indian Economy: Problems of Development and Planning (2006): A

Division of New Age International (P) :Limited, New Delhi.
2. Government of India, Economic Survey (Amual), Ministry of Finance, New Delhi.
3. I C Dhingra (2006) :Indian Economy: S. Chand and Company, New Delhi.
4. R. Dutt and KPM Sundharam (2007): Indian Economy: S. Chand and Company, New
Delhi.
5. S.K. Mishra and V.K. Puri (2006): Indian Economy, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
6. Uma Kapila (2006): Indian Economy-Since Independence-17th Edition, Academic
Foundation, New Delhi.
34
Paper No. 2.6.2: BUSINESS ECONOMICS (Open Elective)
Objective:
1) To introduce the students to the basic concepts of Business Economics.
2) To explain the behaviour of the business firms.
3) To analyze the decision making process in business firms.
Module 1 : Nature, Scope and Significance of Business Economics

Nature, Scope and Significance of Business Economics-Scarcity, choice and allocatiof problems in
business, Basic factors in business decision making.
Module 2 : Demand Analysis

Demand theory —Types of demand, Law and Demand; Elasticity of demand, Types of elasticity,
Supply-Supply elasticity, Types, Uses of elasticity, concept in business decision making.
Module 3 : Production Analysis

Production functions with one-variable and two variable inputs, Total, Average sad Marginal
Product, Returns to a factor and returns to scale, Isoquants, Isocost curve; Optimum production,
Forms of Production function, Optimum product mix of a multi-product firm.
Module 4 : Cost and Revenue analysis

Cost theory and its applications, Short-run and long-run cost curves, Derivation of cost functions
from production functions, Modern theory of cost; Reserve capacity.
Module 5 : Market Structure and Product Pricing

Features and Price determination under Perfect Competition, monopoly and monopolistic
competition, Oligopoly: Meaning and types, Cartels.
Reading List:
1. Atmanand, Managerial Economics, EB.
2. Chirstopher Thomas and Charies Maurice, Managerial Economics, TMH.
3. D.M.Mithani: Managerial Economics Theory and Application Himalayan Publications,
2nel 2005.
4. D.N. Dwivedi, Managerial Economics, 6th Edutuib, Vikas Publication, 2005.
5. Damodaran, Managerial Economics, Oxford.
6. Koutsoyiannis A., Modem Micro Economics, Macmill and Press, London.
7. Mankar, Business Economics, McMillan.
8. Varshney and Maheshwari, Managerial Economics, Sultanchand, 2
35
M.A. ECONOMICS
Syllabus
III SEMESTER
Examination
Teaching
Paper Hours per Sem End Total
No. Title of the Paper week Credit IA Marks Marks Marks
3.1 Economics of Development 4 4 20 80 100
3.2 Statistics for Economics 4 4 20 80 100

Research Methodology and Data
3.3 Analysis 4 4 20 80 100
3.4 Economics of Entrepreneurship 4 4 20 80 100
II - Soft Core / Specialization / optional (any one)
3.5.1 Cooperative Management 4 4 20 80 100
3.5.2 Economics of Education 4 4 20 80 100
3.5.3 Demography 4 4 20 80 100
3.5.4 Economics of Infrastructure 4 4 20 80 100
3.6.1 Karnataka Economy 4 4 20 80 100
3.6.2 Rural Development 4 4 20 80 100
36
M.A. ECONOMICS
III SEMESTER
Paper No: 3.1: ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT (Compulsory/ Hard Core)
Objectives:
1. To Study the various development Models.
2. To analyze the impact of development Models on output, income and employment both in
Developed and Developing Countries.
3. To give a knowledge on financing for economic development.
Module 1 : Economic Development

Meaning-Importance- - Measurement of Economic Development- Sustainable Development
Concept of Human Development-Human Development Index-Human Poverty index-Human
Capability Approach to Development-Development as Freedom - Development Gap.
Module 2 : Economic Growth and Social Justice

Kuznets Hypothesis-Growth and Distribution Justice-Production Versus employment-Basic Needs
Approach-Hunger Entitlement and Capability-Poverty and its measurement; Poverty, inequality
and Social welfare-Sen vs. Bhagawati: Debate on Growth and Distribution.
Module 3 : Grand Theories of Economic Development

Classical theory of Economic Development and its features-Adam Smith‘s and David Recardo‘s
theory of Development, Karlmarx - Theory of Social change, Surplus value theory, Development
and crisis in capitalism, Schumpeter and Capitalist Development - Innovations, Degeneration of
Capitalism.
Module 4 : Partial Theories of Economic Development

Features of Partial Theories, Vicious circle of poverty concepts - Balanced Growth theory-
Unbalanced growth theory-critical minimum effort the Dry-Dependency theory of Development -
Lewis model of Unlimited supply of labour, Renis - Fei model of Economic Growth – Theory of
Dualism – Social Dualism and Technological Dualism.
Module 5 : Financing Economic Development

Role of Monetary policy and Fiscal policies in Economic Development; Domestic Financing of
Development inflation and growth-empirical evidence; Foreign trade; Foreign Direct Investment,
MNC‘s and Developing countries.
37
1. Collect the Data and Construct the HDI.
2. Collect the Data about Inflow of FDI in India.
3. Review the recent Developments in monetary policy.
Reading List:
1. Adelman, Irma (1961): Theories of Economic Growth and Development, Stanford

university Press, Stanford, USA.
2. Branko, Milanovic (2016): Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of
Globalization, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
3. Higgins, Benjamin (1968): Economic Development: Theory, Principles and History, W. W.
Norton, New York, USA.
4. Meier Gerald M. (2005): Leading Issues in Economic Development, Oxford University
Press, New York, USA.
5. Ray, Debraj (1998): Development Economics, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
6. Rogers, Peter P. and K. F. Jalal and J. A. Boyd (2005): Sustainable Development, The
Continuing Education Division, Harvard University and Glen Educational Foundation,
Harvard.
7. Srivastava, O. S. (1996): Economics of Growth, Development and Planning, Vikas
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Thrilwal, A. P. (2006): Growth and Development, 6th Edition, West Press Ltd., New Delhi.
9. Todaro, Michael. P. (1989): Economic Development in the Third World, 4th Edition,
Orient and Longman, London.
Paper No: 3.2: STATISTICS FOR ECONOMICS (Compulsory/Hard Core)

Objectives:
1. To provide basic inputs of applied statistics.
2. Application of statistical tools in applied economics.
3. The course is designed to aim at imparting a basic level knowledge of computers for
students.
Module 1 : Introduction:
Meaning and Scope Sources of Data - Primary and Secondary Data - Schedules and
Questionnaires - Meaning of Sampling and Sampling Techniques - Simple Random, Stratified and
Systematic Random Sampling Methods - Tabulation and Frequency Distribution, Measures of
Central Tendency and Dispersion - Skewness -Probability and its Applications.
38
Module 2 : Correlation and Regression Analysis
Partial and Multiple Correlations - Measurement of Correlation - Rank Correlation – Regression
Analysis - Formulation and Testing of Hypotheses - Type I and Type II Errors - Tests of
Significance - Z, T and F Tests and their Applications.
Module 3 : Analysis of Time Series and Index Numbers

Components of Time Series - Trend, Seasonal, Cyclical and Irregular Variations - Estimation of
Trend Values –Problems in the Construction of Index Numbers - Laspayers‘, Paasche‘s and
Fisher‘s Ideal Index Numbers - Wholesale Price Index Numbers and Cost of Living Index
Numbers.
Module 4 : Fundamental of Computers

Computer - an Overview, Operating System (Windows), Characteristics of a Computer,
Components of a Computer, Input units, Output units, Processing units, Storage, Networking,
Software and Installation, MS Office: Introduction to Word Processing, Introduction to
Spreadsheet (MS excel), power point and Internet, email.
Module 5 : An overview of SPSS for windows:

Advantages of SPSS- Importance of SPSS windows process –Creating and Editing Data file-
Exporting and Importing Data- Managing Data- Graphs-Charts- Diagrams- Frequencies-
Descriptive of Statistics- Measures of Central Tendency, Variability.

1. Exposure to statistical packages, R/Python/E-Views/STATA/ Demonstrate models and
their interpretation.
2. Conduct a pilot survey on the topic of your choice and represent the result on the graph
using excel worksheet.
3. Practice the working of SPSS software.
4. Compute the 2011 population census using regression analysis.
5. Forecast the macroeconomic indicators using SPSS.
6. Predict some economic indicators using Time-series models
Reading List :
1. S.C.Gupta (1982): Fundamentals of Statistics, Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay.
2. S.P.Gupta (2004): Statistical Methods, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi.
3. B. N. Gupta, (1992): Statistics Theory and Practice. Sahitya Bhavan, Agra.
4. Nagar, A. L. and R. K. Das: Basic Statistics, Oxford University Press, New Delhi. Latest
Edition.
5. Douglas A Lind (1990): Statistical Techniques in Business and Economics, Mc Graw Hill
6. Goel Anita(2015): Computer fundamentals , Pearson publication house.
39
7. Murthy.C.S.V.(2014): Fundamentals of Computers, Himalaya publishing house.
8. Balagurusamy(2014): Fundamentals of Computers, Tata mc-graw hill education pvt. India.
9. Rajaraman (2012): Fundamentals of Computers ,Pratince Hall of India.
10. Morga G. S (2015) : Mathematics and Statistics for Economics, Second Revised Edition,
Vokas Publishing House, New Delhi.
11. Veerachamy R. (2005) : Quantatives methods for economics, New Age International (P0
Ltd. New Delhi.
Paper No: 3.3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DATA ANALYSIS

(Compulsory/ Hard Core)
Objectives:
1. To impart adequate knowledge of research methodology and project designing.
2. To understand data collection methods, sampling and data processing.
3. To develop original thinking and report writing skills.
Module 1 : Foundations of Research

Scientific and Social Science Research-nature, objectives and limitations; Types and methods of
research; Review of literature- Need for reviewing literature-sources of literature; Research Design
Identification and conceptualization of a research problem-objectives and hypotheses.
Module 2 : Data Sources and Methods of Data Collection

Primary and Secondary Sources of Data; Quantitative Data - Sources - Time Series Data -
Observation - Interview Method, Schedules and Questionnaires - Questionnaire Designing
Procedure –Participatory Techniques- Case Study, Projective Methods - Simulation - Merits and
Demerits.
Module 3 : Sampling Considerations

Sampling Considerations: Concepts - Principles of Sampling Design & Process - Types of Sample
Design: Probability Sampling Techniques: Simple Random, Stratified Random, Cluster and Multi -
Stage Sampling. Non-Probability Sampling Techniques: Quota Sampling, Convenient Sampling,
Purposive Sampling, Judgment Sampling and other Methods- Determination of Sample Size -
Advantages and Disadvantages.
Module 4 : Data Processing and Hypothesis testing

Data Processing: Processing and Distribution - Field Work Validation - Tabulation - Editing –
Coding, computer compilation - Classification and Tabulation of Data - Presentation - Graphical
Representation; Hypothesis: Meaning, types, characteristics, source, formulation of hypothesis,
errors in hypothesis testing.
40
Module 5 : Report Writing and Presentation of Results
Importance of Report Writing - Report Preparation - Report Structure: Preliminary Section, Main
Report - Interpretations of Results - Research Findings, Presenting Tabular Data, Visual
Representations: Tables, Graphs, Charts and Suggested Recommendations - Limitations of the
Study, Presenting Footnotes and Bibliography.

1. Prepare research design and statement of problem of one research problem.
2. Collect and review relevant literature of research problem.
3. Prepare questionnaire/interview schedule of research problem.
4. Interview respondents and collect primary information/data.
5. Prepare tables of your study findings.
Reading List :
1. Goode, William J and Hatt, Paul K (1952) ―Methods in Social Research‖ McGraw-Hill
Book co. New York.
2. Sharma, B A V and others (Ed) (1984) ―Research Methods in Social Sciences‖ Sterling
Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Cochran, W G (1963) ―Sampling Techniques‖ John Wiley & Sons, New York
4. Krishnaswmy, O.R. and Ranganathan, M. (2005) Methodology of Research in Social
Sciences, Himalaya Publishing House, Bangalore.
5. Wilkinson, S. and Bhandarkar, P.L. (1977) ―Methodology and Techniques in Social
Research‖, Himalaya Publishing House, Bombay.
6. Thanulingom, N. (2000), ―Research Methodology‖ Himalaya Publishing House Bangalore.
7. Sadhu, A.N. and Singh, Amarjit –(1983), ―Research Methodology in Social Sciences‖
Himalaya Publishing House Mumbai.
8. Ahnja Ram (2011) : Research Methodology, Rawat publications, New Delhi.
9. Dash, Priyaranjan (2013) : Research Methodology, ( with SPss), Vinod Publications (P)
Ltd, New Delhi.
10. Kotari C.R (2018) : : Research Methodology, New Age International Publication, New
Delhi.
41
Paper No.3.4 : ECONOMICS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Objectives:
1. This paper aims to understand the entrepreneurship and its benefits.
2. To inculcate the characteristics of an entrepreneur.
3. To make the students aware of the latest developments in the field of entrepreneurs.
4. To make the student familiar with the industries and enable the students to prepare a
project.
Entrepreneurship- Meaning and Importance, Evolution of term ‗Entrepreneurship, Factors
Influencing Entrepreneurship- Psychological Factors-Social, Economic and Environmental
Factors; Characteristics of an entrepreneur, Types of entrepreneur; and Barriers to
Entrepreneurship, process of entrepreneurial development. Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic
Development.
Module 2 : Entrepreneurial Motivation and Creativity

Entrepreneurial Motivation, Maslow‘s theory, Herjburg‘s theory, McGragor‘s Theory,
McClelland‘s Need– Achievement Theory; Creativity and entrepreneurship, Steps in Creativity,
Innovation and inventions, Skills of an entrepreneur, Decision making and Problem Solving (steps
indecision making) Entrepreneurial competencies, Entrepreneurial Training Mathods.
Module 3 : Organisation Assistance

Assistance to an entrepreneur, Financial, Physical and Human; Financial assistance Debt Vs
Equity, Venture capital market; Angel Financing and alternative Sources of finance for
entrepreneurship; Financial assistance to MSMEs, The Small Industries Development Bank of
India(SIDBI); The State Small Industries Development Corporation(SSIDC); Incentives and
facilities to exports entrepreneurs
Module 4 : Entrepreneurial Environment :

Entrepreneurship Environment, Business climate in India, Environmental factors affecting
entrepreneurial growth, Creating a Favorable Environment for entrepreneurship, Doing Business in
India, Entrepreneurial Life Cycle.
Module 5 : Entrepreneurial Venture Plan

Creation of Business Idea, methods and process of business ideas; preparation of business plan;
Marketing Plan or Marketing Research; Challenges of Entrepreneurial Growth, Emerging trends in
technology, Entrepreneurial Opportunities and Entrepreneurial Mindset.
42
1. Visit any local enterprise. Interview the entrepreneur; study his entrepreneurial journey,
and prepare the profile of the entrepreneur.
2. Interview an entrepreneur in your region and make a list of the factors that motivated the
entrepreneur to start an enterprise.
3. Presentation and Discussion on stories of Successful Entrepreneurs.
4. Visit a Small Scale unit and identify the traits and also problems faced by the entrepreneur
and present it in the class.
Reading List :
1. Anil Kumar, S. (2003): Entrepreneurship Development (Paperback), New Age
International Publishers, New Delhi.
2. Desai, Vasant (2009): Dynamics of Entrepreneurship Development and Management,
Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
3. Gordon, E and Natarajan K.(2014): Entrepreneurship Development (Paperback), Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbai.
4. Howard H. Frederick, Donald F. Kuratko and Richard M. Hodgetts (2007):
Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process and Practice, South Melbourne: Thomson Learning.
5. Khanka, S. S. (2007): Entrepreneurial Development (Paperback), S Chand & Company
Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Robert,D. Hisrich, Michael P. Peters and Dean A (2016) : Shepherd Entrepreneurship, 9th
Edition, McGraw-Hill Education.
7. Sharma Sangeeta (2017): Entrepreneurship Development (Paperback), PHI Learning Pvt
Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Vasant Desai, Fundamentals of Entrepreneurship & Small Business
Management, Himalaya Publishing House Pvt Ltd.
9. Charantimath Poornima, Entrepreneurship Development, 2/e, Pearson 2014.
10. Vasant Desai, Small Scale Industries & Entrepreneurship, 9th Edition, Himalaya
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
Paper No.3.5.1 : CO-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT

(Soft core/Specialisation/Optional Paper)
Objectives:
The objectives of this course are to enable the students to understand the ethics and
philosophy of co-operation, co-operative movement in India, cooperative management and
non-credit co-operatives.
43
Cooperation: Concept – Features – Benefits of Cooperation. Cooperative Principles Cooperative
Management Definition, Nature, Scope, Principles, Objectives, and Functions Cooperative
Management - Importance of Management - Problems of Management.
Module 2 : Co-operative Movement in India

Origin and Growth of Co-operative Movement in India; Major Development in Post independence
Period; Short and Medium-Term Credit Structure, (SCBS, DCCBS &PACS); Long-term Credit
Structure (SCARDBS & PCARDBS); Urban Co-operative Banking in India; National level Co-
operative Institutions in India NCDC, NCCT, NDDB, NCUI.
Module 3 : -Co-operative Management

Principles of Co-operatives Management - Functions of Cooperative Management - Problems of
Cooperative Management. Management of Credit Cooperatives: Introduction - Structure -
Objectives - Management Aspects - Managing Committee - Board of Directors -Chairman
/Executives - Problems of Credit Co-operatives. Management of Non-Credit Cooperatives:
Consumer Co-operatives - Marketing Cooperatives - Dairy Cooperatives - Housing Cooperation.
Human Resource Management: Human Resource Management in Co-operatives - Management
Information System - Management Information System in Co –Operatives.
Module 4 : Management of Cooperative Enterprises

Consumer Co-operatives, Marketing Co-operatives, Dairy Co-operatives- Housing Cooperatives,
Criteria for Judging the operational Efficiency of Co-operatives- Measuring the performance of
Co-operatives as an Economic and Social enterprise; NABARD and cooperative Management.
Module 5 : Marketing Management

Cooperative Marketing Management in India - Management Aspects of Marketing Co - operatives
- Objectives of Cooperative Marketing Management - Adoption of Cooperative Marketing
Approach - Role of Cooperative Marketing Management - Marketing Intelligence and Integrated
Marketing System.

1. Prepare the data base of Rural cooperative societies and urban cooperative banks.
2. Visit cooperative banks and prepare assignments on their transactions.
3. Visit consumer cooperatives and prepare note.
4. Visit cooperative markets, dairy cooperatives etc and prepare their profile.
5. Prepare profile of human resources of cooperative societies, banks, markets and their skill
background.
6. Prepare note on cooperative enterprises in your area.
7. Undertake case study to know about impact of various cooperatives in your area.
Reading List :
1. Bedi, R. D. (1981): Theory, History and Practice of Co-operation, Loyal Book Depot
Meerut.
2. Dubashi, P.R. (1970): Principles and Philosophy of Co-operation, Vaikunth Mehta
National Institute of Co-operative Management, Pune.
44
3. Hajela, T.N. (2010): Co-operation Principles, Problems and Practice, 7th Edition, Ane
Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
4. Kamat, G.S. (1987): New Dimensions of Co-operative Management, Himalaya Publishing
House, Mumbai.
5. Krishnaswamy, O.R (1976): Co-operative Democracy in Action, Somaiya Publishing
House, Mumbai.39
6. Kulandaisamy, V. (2000): Co-operative Management, Arurdhra Academy, Coimbatore.
7. Kulandaiswamy, V. (1984): Principles and Practice of Co-operative Management, Rainbow
Publishers, Comibatore.
8. Mathur, B.S. (2015): Co-operation in India, Latest Edition, SBPD Publications.
9. Ramkishen, Y. (2003): Management of Co-operatives, Jaiko Publishing House, Mumbai.
10. Sha, A.K. (1984): Professional Management for Cooperative, Vikas Publishing House,
New Delhi.
11. Sinha, S. K. and R. Sahaya (1981): Management of Co-operative Enterprises, NCCT, New
Delhi.
12. Nakkikorn S. (1984) : Cooperative Management, Rainbow Publications, Coimbatore
Paper No: 3.5.2: ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION

Objectives:
1. The paper attempts to equip the students with basics of human capital, economics of
education-costs and benefits.
2. To know approaches to educational and manpower planning, pattern of educational
financing and subsidies and educational system and progress in India.
Module 1 : Human Capital and Development

Concept and Origin of Human Capital; Components of Human Capital; Nexus between Human
Capital, Physical Capital and Natural Capital; Theory of Investment in Human Capital; Concept
and Dimensions of Human Development; Growth Accounting Equations of Denison and Schultz
Model 2 : Economics of Education
Meaning of Economics of Education, Demand for Education–Private Demand and Social Demand;
Determinants of Demand; Costs of Education–Expenditure on Education; Private Costs and Social
Costs; Benefit of Education– Direct and Indirect Benefits; Private and Social Benefit; Cost–
Benefit Analysis.
Model 3 : Educational and Manpower Planning
Approaches to Educational Planning- Social Demand approach; The Rate of Return Approach;
The Manpower Requirement Approach; The Tinbergen Model; The Bowels model; The Adelman
Model.
45
Model 4 : Educational Financing and Subsidies
Resource Mobilization and Financing, the balance between the Public and Private Financing;
Pricing and Subsidies-The argument for Public Subsidy, Effects of Educational Financing on
Equity and Efficiency; Education and Labour Market – Effects of Education, Ability and Family
Background on Earnings, Poverty and Income Distribution.
Module 5 : Education and Economic Development in India
Objectives of Educational Planning; A Review of Educational Development in India – Primary,
Secondary, Vocational, Higher, Technical and Adult Education; Educational Policy in India;
Expenditure on Education and Improvement in Literacy in India; Educational Development and
Employment in India.
Reading List :
1. Aggarwal and Aggarwal (1992): Educational Planning in India, Vol. I, Delhi.
2. Heggade, O. D. : Economics of Education, Himalaya Publishing house, Bombay.
3. McMohan, W. W. (1999): Education of Development: Measuring the Social Benefit,
Oxford University Press, Oxford
4. Nanjundappa, D. M.: Finance and Management of Higher Education, Deep and Deep,
New Delhi
5. Psacharopoulos, George (1987): Economics of Education: Research and Studies, (Ed.),
Pergamon Press, New York.
6. Rao, V.K.R.V (1966): Education and Human Resources Development, Allied Publishers
Bombay.
7. Shah, K. R. (1997): Essays on Economics of Human Resource, Spellbound Publications,
Rohtak.
8. Shri Prakash (1994): Cost of Education: Theoretical Exploration and Empirical
Prognostication, Deep and Deep Publications, New Delhi.
9. Tilak, J.B.G. (1994): Education for Development in Asia, Sage Publications, New Delhi
10. Vaizey, Johan (1962): The Economics of Education, Faber and Faber, 24 Russell Square,
London.
11. Woodhall, M. (1992): Cost-Benefit Analysis in Educational Planning, UNESCO, Paris
46
Paper No: 3.5.3: DEMOGRAPHY (Soft Core/Specialization /Optional)
Objectives:
1. To unable the students to understand various demographic theories
2. To know the composition and dynamics of population across the world.
3. To give knowledge on migration and population policies.
Module 1 : Introducation
Meaning, Nature and Scope of Demography-Basic Concepts in Demography; Population Theories-
Pre- Malthusian, Malthusian and Post- Malthusian Theories; Theory of optimum Population;
Theory of Demographic Transition.
Module 2 : Fertility and Mortality

Meaning and measurement, Fertility, Nuptiality and Mortality -Factors Accounting for Changes in
fertility and Mortality in the developed (DCs) Countries and Less Developed (LDCs) Countries;
Mortality : Meaning and measurement ; Infant Mortality- Characteristics of Infant Mortality
Factors Affecting, Foetal and Infant Mortality.
Module 3 : Migration and Urbanization

Meaning of Migration – Basic Concepts, Importance of Migration in the Study of Population;
Types of Migration – Levels, Trends and Differentials in the DCs and LDCs, Urbanization :
meaning, process of Urbanization, Reasons for growing Urbanization and impact of Urbanization.
Module 4 : Effects of migration

Effects of In-migration and Out-migration on the Growth of Population-Factors Affecting
Migration- Theories Concerning Internal Migration-Urbanization, Todaro Model; Levels and
Trends of Urbanization in DCs and LDCs and Particularly in India.
Module 5 : Population Policies in India

Nature, Scope and Need for Population Education; Demographic Trends in India; Population of
India from 1971 to 2011 Censuses; and Family Welfare Programmes in India; The New Population
Policy of India.
Reading List :
1. Kammeyar Kenneth (ed) (1975): Population Studies, Rand McNally, Chicago
2. UNO (1975) : The Determinants and Consequences of Population Trends, UNO
Publication New York.
3. Government of India: Population Census Reports since 1951.
4. Ashish Bose: Pattern of Population Change in India, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
47
5. Ashish Bose, P.B. Desai, A Mitra and T.N. Sharma : Population in India‘s Development,
Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
6. Aggarwal, S.N.: India‘s Population Problems, Tata McGraw Hill, Bombay.
7. Choubey, P. K. (2000): Population Policy in India, Kanishka Publication New Delhi.
8. Ghosh B.N : Population Economics, Deep and Deep publications, New Delhi.
9. Hans Raj : Fundamentals of Demography, surjeet publications, New Delhi.
Paper No: 3.5.4: ECONOMICS OF INFRASTRUCTURE

Objectives:
1. The purpose of this course is to analyze the various types of infrastructures.
2. To examine the importance of infrastructures in economic development and progress and

problems of developing infrastructures and
3. To highlight the commercialization of infrastructure.
Meaning; Infrastructure and Economic Development; Infrastructure as a Public Good; Special
Characteristics of Public Utilities – The Peak Load, Off-load Problem, Dual Principle Controversy,
Economies of Scale, Pricing of Infrastructure Services; State‘s Role in Infrastructure Development
– Rationale and Strategy.
Module 2 : Economic Infrastructure

Concept and Significance; Role of Transport (Road, Air, and Marine), Communications, Irrigation,
and Information in Development; Development of Economic Infrastructure in India; Sector
Specific Problems – Problems of Individual Modes of Transport – Inter-modal Co-ordination;
Financing and Pricing Problems
Module 3 : Energy Economics

Primacy of Energy in the Process of Economic Development; Factors Determining Demand for
Energy; Effects of Energy Shortages; Energy Conservation; Renewable and Non-conventional
Sources of Energy; The Search for an Optimal Energy Policy in India.
Module 4 : Social Infrastructure

Concept and Significance; Social Infrastructure and Human Development; Development of Social
Infrastructure in India; Financing and Pricing Problems; Sector-specific Problems – Housing,
Education, Health, Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation.
48
Module 5 : Commercialization of Infrastructure
Need for Commercialization; Strategies for Commercialization – Corporatization, Privatization;
Public-Private Provision of Social services; Problems in Commercialization – Financing, Pricing,
Risk Management, Users‘ Involvement; State‘s Role in Infrastructure Reforms.
Reading List:
1. Gowda, Sreenivasa, M.V. and S. Subramaniam (Eds.) (1997): Infrastructure Development

for Economic Growth, Deep and Deep Publications, New Delhi.
2. Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) (1976): Economics of Infrastructure,
Vol. VI, New Delhi.
3. Joshi, B.N. (1990): Infrastructure for Economic Development in India, Ashish Publishing
House, New Delhi.
4. Kessides Christine (1993): The Contributions of Infrastructure to Economic Development:
A Review of Experience and Policy Implications, World Bank Discussion Paper No. 213.
5. National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) (1996): India Infrastructure
Report: Policy Implications for Growth and Welfare, New Delhi
6. World Bank (1994): World Development Report, 1994: Infrastructure for Development,
Oxford Uni. Press, New York.
7. Parikh, K.S. (Ed.) (1999): India Development Report, 1999-2000, Oxford University Press,
New Delhi.
8. Pachauri, R.K. (Ed.) (1980): Energy Policy for India, Macmillan, New Delhi.
9. Guru, D.D. and A. Qamar (1988): Energy and Economic Development, Sage Publications,
New Delhi
10. Tilak, J.B.G. (1994): Education for Development of Asia, Sage Publications, New Delhi.
11. World Bank (1983): World Development Report, 1983: Investing in Health, Oxford
University Press, New York.
49
Paper No: 3.6.1: KARNATAKA ECONOMY (Open Elective)
Objectives:
1. To study the present Socio-economic position of Karnataka economy
2. To identify the problems of the measures adapted by the Govt. of Karnataka to redress
them.
3. To understand the finance of Karnataka state.
Karnataka in the Indian Economy-Natural Resources-Trends in State income and Per -capita
income-Net District product-Human Development in Karnataka-Anti-Poverty and Employment
generation Programmes.
Module 2 : Agricultural Development

Land use Pattern in Karnataka-Trends in Area, Production and yield of Major crops-Regional
Pattern of Agricultural Production –Horticultural/plantation crops, Vegetables, Fruits-floriculture-
Sericulture-Live Stock economy-Agrarian Crisis.
Module 3 : Industry and Infrastructure

Industrial Development (Major, medium and MSME‘s) -Policies and Programmes Power-
Availability and crisis- Financial Institutions-Co-operatives, Commercial banks-RRBs-KSFC and
KSIIDC-IT industry in Karnataka, Economic Infrastructure -Irrigation, Power, Transport and
Communication; Social Infrastructure -Education and Health; Planning for Infrastructural
Development.
Module 4 : State Finances

Trends in sources of Finance-Revenue and Non-Revenue Sources-Sharing of Central Taxes and
Grants-in aid-Trends in Expenditure Pattern-Development and Non-Development-Trends in
Indebtedness of the State
Module 5 : Regional Imbalances and Planning

Extent of Disparities, causes and consequences-Concept of Backward Area-criteria and
Identification of backward areas-Measures to reduce imbalances –High Power Committee
Recommendations-Objectives and Strategies of planning-Targets and achievements of plans-
Decentralized planning in Karnataka-Panchyat Raj.
Reading List:
1. Bagalkoti, S. T. (2020): Karnataka Economy: Recent Developments and Emerging
ST
Challenges, Prasaranga Publication, (I Edition) Karnatak University, Dharwad,
Karnataka.
50
2. Government of Karnataka (2005): High Power. Committee for Redressal of Regional
Imbalances (HPCRRI), Government of Karnataka, Bangalore
3. Government of Karnataka (2015): Human Development: Performance of District, Taluks
and Urban Local Bodies in Karnataka, 2014: A Snapshot , Planning, Programme
Monitoring and Statistics Department of Government of Karnataka, Bengal uru
(http://planning.kar.nic.in – Human Development Division).
4. Government of Karnataka: Economic Survey of Karnataka, Government of Karnataka
(Various Annual Reports) (http://planning.kar.nic.in )
5. Gowda, Sreenivasa and T. Nanjegowda: Economic Development of Karnataka: Leading
Aspects.
6. Heggade, Odeyar D: Karnataka Economy:
7. Madaiah M. (1989): Karnataka Economy: Growth, Issues and Lines of Development,
Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
8. Puttaswamaiah, K, (1980): Economic Development of Karnataka: A Treatise in Continuity
and Change, Oxford and IBH Publication.
9. Rao, Hemalatha (1984): Regional Disparities and Development in India , Ashish
Publishing House, New Delhi
Paper No: 3.6.2: RURAL DEVELOPMENT (Open Elective)
Objectives:
1. To understand the characteristics, problems, theories and programmes of rural
redevelopment
2. To study the trends and patterns of economic diversification in rural areas;
3. To study the role of infrastructural faculties in rural development and
Nature and Scope of Rural Development, Need for Rural Development; Concept, Objectives and
Indicators of Rural Development; Characteristics of Rural Economy- Concepts of inclusive
development and sustainable development.
Module 2 : Poverty and Unemployment

Poverty and Unemployment in Rural India Rural Poverty- Concept, Extent, Regional Pattern and
Causes of Poverty; Farm and Non-farm employment; Concept, and Types of employment; Extent,
Review of Poverty Alleviation and Employment Generation Programmes in India.
Module 3 : Transferring Rural Economy

Importance of Agriculture and Allied Activities in Rural Development; Rural Non-Agricultural
Employment in India- Importance, Growth, Regional Pattern and Determinants; Rural
51
Industrialisation- Importance, Programmes, Progress and Problems of Small- Scale and Cottage
Industries and Remedial Measures.
Module 4 : Infrastructure
Rural Infrastructure- Meaning and importance, Educational and Health infrastructure; Housing and
Sanitation; Drinking Water Supply; Rural Transport and Communication; Rural Energy; Rural
Electrification.
Module 5 : Rural Governance

Panchayat Raj Institutions, Legislations powers, Functions and sources of revenue- Role of
N.G.Os in rural development.
Reading List :
1. Biradar, R.R.(2008): Rural Non-Agricultural Employment in India: An Analysis of Its
Determinants and Impact on Poverty and Inequality, Concept Publishing Company, New
Delhi
2. Chambers, R. (1983): Rural Development: Putting the Last First, Longman, Harlow.
3. Dantwala, M. L. (1973): Poverty in India: Then and Now, 1870-1970, Macmillan, Bombay.
4. Gupta. K .R. (Ed) (2003): Rural Development in India, Atlantic Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi.
5. Jain, Gopal Lal (1997): Rural Development, Mangal Deep Publications, Jaipur,.
6. Singh, Katar (1986): Rural Development: Principles, Polices and Management, Sage
Publications, New Delhi, (Second Edition).
7. Karalay, G. N. (2005): Integrated Approach to Rural Development: Polices, Programmes
and Strategies, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi
8. Maheshwari, S. R. (1985): Rural Development in India, Sage, Publications New Delhi.
9. Satya Sundaram, I. (1997): Rural Development, Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi.
10. Mehta, Shiv R. (1984): Rural Development Polices and Programmes, Sage Publications,
New Delhi.
11. Tyagi, B. P. (1998): Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Jai Prakash Math
and Co., Meerut.
52
M.A. ECONOMICS
Syllabus
IV SEMESTER
Examination
Teaching
Paper Hours Sem End Total
No. Title of the Paper per week Credit IA Marks Marks Marks
4.1 Economics of Growth 4 4 20 80 100
4.2 Mathematics for Economics 4 4 20 80 100
4.3 Economics of Environment 4 4 20 80 100
4.4 Human Resource Management 4 4 20 80 100
II Soft Core /Specialization / optional (any one)
4.5.1 Indian Economic Policy 4 4 20 80 100
4.5.2 Economics of Health 4 4 20 80 100

4.5.3 Economics of Energy 4 4 20 80 100
Economics of Gender and
4.5.4 Development 4 4 20 80 100
4.6 Research Project (Dissertation) 4 4 20 80 100
53
M.A. ECONOMICS
IV SEMESTER
Paper No: 4.1: ECONOMICS OF GROWTH (Compulsory/ Hard Core)
Objectives:
1. To Study the various Social and Institutional Aspects Development.
2. To Analyze the modern Development theories and Macro Economic Policies.
3. To understand recent changes and policies of development.
Module 1 : Modern Economic Growth

Economic Growth and Development, Inclusive Growth, Basic Needs Vs Economic Growth -
Factors Affecting Economic Growth - Modern Economic Growth-Characteristics of Modern
Economic Growth-Modern Growth and the rise in international inequalities, population as limits to
growth – Theory of Demographic Transition.
Module 2 : Theories of Economic Growth

Rostow‘s stages of Economic Growth, Harrod Domar model-Solow‘s model-Joan Rabinson
model, J.E Meade‘s model – The Limits to Growth model, Myrdal‘s – Theory of circular
causation.
Module 3 : Models of Technical Change.

Neutral and Non-neutral Technical change; Embodied and Disembodied Technical change;
Hicks‘s Approach to technical change, Harrod approach to technical change, Technical change and
Economic Growth - Choice of technology-Need for Transfer of Technology - Channels of
Technology Transfer.
Module 4 : Growth Accounting and Project Evaluation.

Concept of Growth Accounting –Denison‘s Sources of Growth-Jorgenson-Griliches-Sources of
Growth – Concept of Shadow prices -need for shadow prices meaning of project evaluation and
stages drain -Cost Benefit Analysis; Need for Planning. Planning practice and growth – Concept of
manpower planning.
Module 5 : Poverty, Migration, Environment

Definition of Poverty and its measurement-Concept of migration-internal migration-international
migration-Todaro‘s Theory of migration, Brain Drain-Environmental issues-Global warming and
climate change-Growth and Environmental Degradation.
Skill Development Exercise :
1. Collect the Data of Poverty in India as per 2011 census.
2. Conduct the field work about migration.
3. Calculate the Growth of National income.
54
Reading List :
1. Adelman, Irma (1961): Theories of Economic Growth and Development, Stanford

University Press, Stanford.
2. Behrrmans, J. and T. N. Srinivasan (1995): Handbook of Development Economics,
Vol.3. Elsevier, Stendam.
3. Debraj Ray (1998): Development Economics, Princeton University Press Princeton
New Jersey.
4. Gerald M. Meier and James E. Eanch (2005): Leading Issues in Economic
Development, Oxford New York.
5. Ghatak (1986): An Introduction to Development Economics , Allen and Unwin,
London.
6. Kindleberger, C. P. (1997): Economic Development, McGraw Hill, New York.
7. Robert J Barro and Xavier Sale-I-Martin (2004): Economic Growth, MIT Press,
Cambridge.
8. Srivastava, O.S. (1996): Economics of Growth, Development and Planning, Vikas
Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
9. Stuart, R. Lynn (2003): Economic Development: Theory and Practice for a Divided
World , Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
10. Thirlwall, A.P. (2006): Growth and Development , 6th Education, West press Pvt. Ltd.
New Delhi.
11. Todaro, Michael P. (1989): Economic Development in the Third World , Orient and
Longman, London.
12. Todaro, Michael P. and Stephen C. Smith. (2012): Economic Development, 11th
Edition, Addison Wesley, Boston.
Paper No: 4.2: MATHEMATICS FOR ECONOMICS (Compulsory/Hard Core)
Objectives:
1) It aims at introducing the students to basic mathematical concepts and methods necessary to begin
with the core courses in economics at post graduate level.
2) The course will emphasize intuition and problem-solving.
3) This paper will enable the students to apply the mathematical tools to overcome economic
problems.
Module 1: Basic concepts

Importance of Mathematical Methods in Economic Analysis-Nature and Scope-Role of Economic
Theory in Mathematical Economics-Difference between Mathematical, Statistical and
Econometric Methods. System of Simultaneous Equations; Market Equilibrium of Single and
MultiCommodity System.
55
Module 2 : Derivatives and Integral Calculus
Derivatives– Rules of Derivatives; Marginal Concepts – Relationship among TC, MC, AC; TR,
MR, AR; Partial Derivatives and Applications; Maxima and Minima in Single and Multivariable
Functions; Integration – Indefinite Integral, Rules of Integration, Definite Integral; Properties of
Definite Integral, Economic Application to Integrals of Consumer‘s Surplus and Producer‘s
surplus; Difference Equations – Definitions and Concepts, Lagged Income Determination Model,
The Cobweb Model, The Domar Growth Model, The Harrod Model, The Solow Growth Model.
Module 3 : Functions
Meaning - Distinction between a relation and function - Types of functions - Linear and non-linear
functions-Quadratic Equations - Quadratic Functions - Graphical Solution – Economic
Applications of Quadratic Equations - Supply and Demand - Costs and Revenue – Cubic Function
- Applications in Economics - Exponential and Logarithmic Functions –Exponential Functions -
Economic Applications.
Module 4 : Matrices
Concept of Matrix and Types; Matrix Inverse; Rank of a Matrix; Determinants and their Basic
Properties; Solution of Simultaneous Equations through Cramer‘s Rule; Introduction to Input -
Output Analysis. Economic Applications.
Module 5 : Linear Programming and Integration

Basic Concepts-Advantages; Formulation of a Linear Programming Problem; Its Structure;
Variables; Feasible, Basic and Optional Solutions; Graphical and Simple Method of Solving a
Linear Programming Problem; Formulation of the Dual Linear Programming and its Interpretation.

1. Estimate the impact of immigration on native workers.
2. Identify the factors that affect a firm‘s entry and exit into a market.
3. Determine the influence of minimum-wage on employment levels.
4. Find the relationship between management techniques and worker productivity.
5. Predict revenue increases in response to a marketing campaign.
Reading List :
1. Chiang, A.C (1984): Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, McGraw Hill,
3rd Ed.
2. Renshaw, Geoff (2005): Maths for Economics, Oxford University Press, 3rd ED.
3. Barry Bressler: A unified Introduction to Mathematical Economics McGaw Hill New
Delhi.
4. J.Black and J.F.Bradley: Essential Mathematics for Economists. John Wiley and Sons.
London.
5. Monga G.S. (1972): Mathematics and statistics for Economists. Vikas Publishing House,
New Delhi.
6. Veerachamy R. (2002): Quantitative Methods for Economists. New Age International
56
Publishers, Bangalore.
7. Metha B. C and G M K Madanani (2004) : Elementaing Mathematics in Economics,
Lakshmi Narain Agarwal, Agra.
8. Yamane Taro (1975) : Mathematics for Economics, PHI, New Delhi.
9. Edward T. Dowling (1992) : Introduction to Mathematical Economics, Schaum‘s Outline
Series, Tata McGrow Hill, New Delhi.
10. Allen R.G.D. (1974) : Mathematical Analysis for Economics, Macmillan Press, New Delhi.
11. Mike Rosser and Piotr Lis (2016) :Basic Mathematics for Economics, Routledge, New
York.
Paper No: 4.3: ECONOMICS OF ENVIRONMENT (Compulsory/ Hard Core)
Objectives:
1. The paper aims at equipping the learner with suitable tools and techniques to analyze
environmental problems,
2. To dissect their cause, evaluate the monetary consequence of policy intervention
3. To suggest a suitable corrective action for the maximization of the outcome, ultimately
leading to attainment of sustainable development.
Module 1 : Elements Environmental Economics

Meaning, Nature and Scope of Environmental Economics; Elements of Ecology; Interaction
Between Ecological and Economic Systems; Environment and Development-Poverty Nexus;
Sustainable Development-Concept and Operationalisation.
Module 2 : Economics of Natural Resource Use

Resource Taxonomy; Economics of Exhaustible Resources- Scarcity Resources, Hotelling‘s
Theory of Optimum Depletion and Recent Developments; Economics of Renewable Resources;
Resource Scarcity as Limits to Growth; Pricing of Resources; Energy and Economic Development.
Module 3 : Environmental Pollution (with special reference to India)

Economics of Pollution; Pollution as Externality; Problem of Second Best; Extent, Causes and
Consequences of Degradation of Land, Water Pollution, Air Pollution, Forest and Environmental
Quality; Common Property Resources; Population and Environmental Quality Contributions and
Management; Pollution Abatement; Plastic Goods and Externalities; Theory of Environmental
Regulation- Pigovian Taxes, Command and Control Versus Market Based Instruments, Standards,
Quotas, Tradable Permits; Environmental Regulation System in India.
Module 4 : Valuation of Environment
Total Economic value; Objective Standard Based Valuation; Subjective Preference – Based
valuation; Indirect methods-Travel Cost Method (TCM); Hedonic Price Theory; Direct Methods-
Contingent Valuation Method; Trade-off Games Method; Costless choice, Environmental Impact
Assessment; Sustainable Accounting; Integrated Economic and Environmental Accounting, Green
Accounting.
57
Module 5 : Global Environmental Issues
Global Summits; Stockholm conference; Rio-submit; International Trade and Environment;
Climate Change-Extent, Impact, Adjustment and Mitigation; Global warming; Ozone Depletion;
Acid Rain; Deforestation; Bio-diversity.

1. List natural resources available in your district and briefly explain them.
2. Visit pollution control office and collect information about air and water pollution in your
area.
3. Prepare note on air and water pollution.
4. Prepare assignment on availability and deterioration of forest in country and in your area.
5. Undertake case study on Travel cost method.
6. Prepare note on impact of climate change on agriculture, water resources, forest, seasons,
temperature etc. based on empirical evidences.
7. Visit firm or industry which is polluting air and water and prepare note on policies
followed by them.
Reading List :
1. Bhattacharya, R. N. (Ed): Environmental Economics: An Indian Perspective Oxford
2. Daly, H.E.: Ecological Economics and Ecology of Economics
3. Hanley, N., J.F.Shogren, and B.White: Environmental Economics, Macmillan, New Delhi.
4. Hartwick, J.M and N Oliwiler: The Economics of Natural Resource Use, Harper and Row,
New York.
5. Karpagam, M: Environmental Economics: An Introduction, Sterling Publishers, New
Delhi.
6. Kerr and Others (Eds): Natural Resource Economics: Theory and Applications for India,
Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
7. Kolstad, C.D: Environmental Economics.
8. Sengupta, R: Ecology and Economics Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
9. Singh, Katar and Anil Shishodia; Environmental Economics; Theory and Applications,
Sage Publications, New Delhi, 2007.
10. World Bank: World Development Report, 1992: Environment and Development Oxford
58
PAPER NO: 4.4: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
(Compulsory/ Hard Core)
Objectives:
1. The course will introduce the students to fundamentals and practices of management in
todays increasingly complex workplace.
2. It will familiarize the learner with the basic principles of human resource management,
planning, relations, appraisal.
3. It provides knowledge on function of HRM, and relation in HRD.
Module 1 : Introduction :
Concept of HRM- Meaning, Objectives, Scope and its Importance; Economic and Non-Economic Factors
and their Interactions, Distinction between Human Resource and Non-Human Resource, Functions of
HRM, Opportunities and Challenges of HRM and Emerging trends in HRM. Introduction to HR
Audit and HR Analytics.
Module 2 : Function of HRM
Recruitment- Factors affecting Recruitment, Sources of Recruitment (Internal and External)
Methods of Recruitment, E-Recruitment, Human Resource Outsourcing(HRO). Selection-Criteria,
Process and Tests, Interview process and types of interviews, Selection policy and Strategies,
Challenges of Selection in today s world.
Module 3 : Human Resource Planning
HR Planning-Meaning, Objectives, Advantages and Disadvantages, Factors influencing HR
Planning, Tools and Technique of HR Planning. Process of Manpower Planning (demand and
supply forecasting. Job Analysis-Meaning, Objectives and Skill Analysis, (Competency based Job
Analysis). SWOT analysis of individual and organization.
Module 4 : Human Relations and Appraisal
Human Relations; Nature, objectives, Developments; perception income group behaviors;
Approaches to Human relations, values, concepts of Human relations approach. Performance
Appraisal: Need and Significance- Setting Employees Performance, Objectives and Goals; Creating
Organizational Conditions for Improving Employee Performance.
Module 5 : Human Resource Development
Concept and evolution; Relationship between Human Resource Management and Human Resource
Development; Training and Development: Training-Meaning, TNA Why Training? Where to look
for Organizational Gaps?, Training Methods and Training Process, Development- Meaning ,
Objectives, Career Planning and Career Development; Meaning , Objectives , Need for Career
Planning & Development.
1. Visit nearest firm/s and prepare human resources of firms/s.
2. Prepare profile of managers and other workers about their educational background and
undergone training.
59
3. Prepare note on functions and responsibilities of workers of any nearest firm.
4. Visit Skill Development organisations/institions and identify type of skill inculcated and
opportunities created.
5. Indentify modern instruments for human resources development and prepare profile on
opportunities in job markets.
Readings List :
1. SeemaSanghi : Resource Management, Vikas publications.
2. Gary Dessler : Human Resource Management (10th Edition), Prentice Hall.
3. P. Subba Rao : Human Resource Management, HPH.
4. Wayne, F. Cascio (2000): Management Human Resources, Irwin.
5. Daniel Goleman (2000): Emotional Intelligence.
6. David Fortana (2000): Stress Management.
7. Shankar Digambar Bagade (2000): Time Management.
8. Jim Mathewinan (2000): Human Resource Planning, Jaico Publish House, Bangalore.
9. Holloway, J (2000): Performance Measurement and Evaluation, New Delhi, Sage.
10. Aswathappa, K (2000): Human Resource and Personal Management, Tata Mc Graw Hill New
Delhi.
Paper No: 4.5.1: INDIAN ECONOMIC POLICY

Objectives:
1. To analyze the structure of the Indian Economy.
2. To examine the progress and problems of agriculture and industry sector of India.
3. To evaluvate performance of India‘s foreign trade.
4. To assess the impact of reform measures on the economy.
Module 1: Features of Indian Economy and Planning

Characteristics of Indian Economy; Objectives, Strategy and Assessment of Planning in India;
NITI Ayoga; Decentralised Planning in India-Problems and Prospects; Regional Imbalances.
Module 2 : Agricultural Sector

Agriculture-Importance; Cropping Pattern ; Land Reforms; Farm size and efficiency; Agricultural
Labour Problems; Mechanization and Green Revolution; Agricultural Finance and Rural Indebtedn
ess and Farmers‘ Suicide; Agricultural Marketing; Agricultural Price; Agricultural Co -operatives;
Technological Factor in Agriculture Growth -Seeds Fertilizers, Irrigation; WTO and Agriculture.
60
Module 3 : Industrial Sector
Importance of Industrialization; Growth and Structural Composition; Structural Transformation;
Small-Scale Industries-MSMEs Role and Performance; Privatization and Public Sector, Private
Sector Industries and their Performance and Problems; Industrial Labour; Industrial Finance;
Development Banks; Capital Market; Industrial Monopoly; MRTP; New Industrial Policy;
Mergers and Takeover.
Module 4: Foreign Trade Sector

Exchange Rate policy of India; Trends in India‘s Foreign Trade; Balance of Paymen t; Problems of
Policies; New Foreign Trade Policy; Export promotion V/S Import Substitution; Foreign Direct
Investment in India; Globalisation and its impact on India‘s Trade and Investment.
Module 5: Economic Reforms

Rationale of Reforms; Foreign Trade and Policy; Globalisation; W.T.O. and its Impact on Various
Sectors; Assessment of Reforms; Competitiveness; Issues in Good Governance; Safety Nets, GST,
Demonetisation, Make in India, MUDRA yojana.
Reading List
1. Ahluwalia. I. J.and M D Little (Eds)(1999) : India‘s Economic Reforms and Development
(Essays in Honor of Manmohan Singh) OUP, New Delhi.
2. Brahmananda P R and V R Panchamukhi (Eds)(2001) : Development Experience in the
Indian Economy: Inter-State Perspectives, Bookwell, New Delhi.
3. Chakravarthy,S.(1987):Development Planning : The Indian Experience, OUP, New Delhi.
4. Dhingra I. C. (2002) : Indian Economy S.Chand New Delhi.
5. Dutt R and KPM Sundharam (2002) : Indian Economy, S.Chand, New Delhi.
6. Government of India, Economic Survey (Annual), Ministry of Finance, New Delhi.
7. Hanumantha Rao C.H. and H.Linnemann (Eds)(1996) : Economic Reforms and Poverty
Alleviation in India Sage, New Delhi.
8. Jalan B. (1996) : India‘s Economic Policy-Preparing for the Twenty first Century, Viking
New Delhi.
9. Misra S.K.and V.K.Puri, (2001) : Indian Economy, Himalaya, Publishing house, Mumbai.
10. Rangarajan C. (1998) : Indian Economy: Essays on Money and Finance UBS, New Delhi.
11. Sandesara. J.C. (1992) Industrial Policy and Planning, 1947-1991, Tendencies,
Interpretations and Issues, Sage, New Delhi.
12. Sen,R.K.and B.Chatterjee(2001) : Indian Economy, Agenda for 21st Century (Essay in
Honour of Prof.P.R.Brahmananda), Deep & Deep, New Delhi
61
Paper No: 4.5.2 : ECONOMICS OF HEALTH
Objectives:
1. It is important to understand several issues relating to economics of health.
2. The paper attempts to teach students the economics of health including concept,
importance and measurement of health.
3. To know financing and evaluation of health care services and nexus between development
of health sector and economy in India.
4. To understand several other issues relations to economics of health.
Module 1 : Introduction of Health Economics
Concept of Health, Economics of Health and Why Health Economics; Scope of Economics of
Health; Health as Commodity; Determinants of Health– Poverty, Malnutrition and Environmental
Issues; Indicators of Health; Nexus between Health and Economic Growth.
Module 2 : Demand for Health

Nature of Demand for Health, Determinants of Demand, Elasticity of Demand-Price and Income
Elasticity; Models of Demand for Health.
Module 3 : Supply of Health

Nature of Supply of Health; Health Production Function; Pricing of Health Care Services-Drugs,
Hospitals; Cost of Health Care Services; Market Failure; Externalities and Public Goods.
Module 4 : Financing and Evaluation of Health Care Services

Health Delivery Systems in India- Public and Private Financing of Health Care; Health Insurance
and Co-operatives- Concept, Schemes and Progress; Expenditure on Health in India-Trends in
Public and Private Expenditure; Public and Private Health Infrastructures; Evaluation of Health
Services-Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA), Economic Reforms
and Health Sector.
Module 5 : Economic Development and Health Attainments in India

Life Expectancy- Concept, male-female and rural-urban life expectancy; Regional Pattern of Life
Expectancy; Infant Mortality Rate- Concept and Trends in Infant Mortality rates; Maternal
Mortality Rate: Concept and Trends in Maternal Mortality Rates; Fertility Rate-Concept and
Trends in Fertility Rates; Illness Prevalence Rate (IPR); Crude Birth Rate and Death Rates; Nexus
between Health and Economic Development, Swachch Bharat Abiyan/ clean India mission;
Review of National Health Policy 2017.
Reading List :
1. Baru, R.U. (1998): Private Health Care in India; Social Characteristics and Trends, Sage
Publications, New Delhi.
2. Berman Peter (1991): Health Economics, Health Financing and the Health Needs of Poor, Women,
and Children, Ford Foundation, New Delhi.
62
3. Berman, Peter and M. E. Khan (1993): Paying for India‘s Health Care, Sage Publications, New
Delhi.
4. Charles Phelps (1991): Health Economics, Oxford University, Press, New York
5. Charles, C. Griffin (1992): Health Care in Asia: A Comparative Study of Cost and Financing,
World Bank
6. Cooper, M. H. and Culyer, A. J. (1973): Health Economics, Penguin Book Ltd, England.
7. Adi, Mukta. S. ―An Introduction to Health Economics‖, Current Publications, 2018.
8. Gopal, K. (1982): Economics of Health and Nutrition, Chaugh Publishers
9. Jack, William (1999): Principles of Health Economics for Developing Countries, World Bank,
Washington DC.
10. Panchamukhi, P. R. (2002): Economics of Health: An Introductory Review, Reading. Material,
Indian Economic Trust.
11. Panchamukhi, P. R. (1980): ―Economics of Health: A Trend Report‖ in ICSSR: A
Survey of Research Economics, Vol. VI, Infrastructure, Allied, Delhi.
12. World Bank (1987): Financing Health Services in Development Counter: An Agent for Reform.
Paper No: 4.5.3: ECONOMICS OF GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT

Objectives:
1. To enable the Students to understand thoroughly the theories of Gender and Development.
2. To familiarize the students about the vital aspects of Gender and Development.
Module 1 : Introduction of Gender Studies

Importance and Concepts of Women Studies- Women in Patriarchal and Matriarchal Societies and
Sprinters, Patrilineal and Matrilineal Systems and Relevance to Present Day Society in India-
Economic Basis and Functioning of Patriarchy in Developed and LDCs, Particularly India -
Women in Decision Making.
Module 2 : Demographic Aspects of Female Population in India

Demography of Female Population, Age Structure, Mortality Rates and Sex Ratio- Causes of
Declining Sex Ratios and Fertility Rates in LDCs and Particularly India, woman and their Access
to Nutrition, Health, Education and social community Resources.
Module 3 : Conceptualization of Women’s Work

Concept and Analysis of Women‘s Work; Valuation of Productive and Unproductive Work,
63
Visible and Invisible Work, Paid and Unpaid Work; Economically Productive and Socially
Production Work; Economic Status and Female Contribution to National Income
Module 4 : Women and Labour Market

Factors Affecting Female Entry in Labour Market; Supply and Demand for Female Labour in
Developed and Developing Countries; Particularly India, Studies of Female Work Participation in
Organized and Unorganized Sectors in India.
Module 5: Gender Planning and Development Policies

Gender and Development Indices; Mainstreaming Gender into Development Policies; Paradigm
Shift from Women‘s Well Being to Women‘s Empowerment; Democratic Decentralization
(Panchayats) and Women‘s Empowerment in India
Reading List :
1. Boserup, E (1970): Women‘s Role in Economic Development, George Allen and Unwin,
London.
2. Desai, N. and M. K. Raj (Eds) (1979): Women and Society in India, Research Centre for
women Studies, SNDT University, Bombay.
3. Government of India (1974): Towards Equality Report of the Committee on the Status of
Women in India, Department of Social Welfare Ministry of Education and Social Welfare,
New Delhi.
4. Krishnaraj, .M.R. M.Sudarshan and A Shariff (1999): Gender, Population and
Development, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
5. Seth, M. (2000): Women and Development: The Indian Experience, Sage Publications
New Delhi.
6. Agnihotri, S.B. (2000): Sex Ratio in Indian Population: A Fresh Exploration, Sage
Publications, New Delhi.
7. Papola T.S. and A.N. Sharma (Eds) (1999): Gender and Employment in India, Vikas
Publishing House, New Delhi.
8. Narasimham, S. (1999): Empowering Women: An Alternative Strategy from Rural India,
9. Baud, I.S. A.(1992): Forms of Production and Women‘s Labour : Gender Aspects of
Industrialization in India and Mexico, Sage Publication, New Delhi.
10. Carr M.C. Martha and R. Jhabvala (Eds) (1997): Speaking Out Women‘s Economic
Empowerment in South Asia, Vistaar Publications, New Delhi.
64
Paper No: 4.5.4: ENERGY ECONOMICS
Objectives:
1. This course is designed to acquaint the students with the basic concepts of energy and its
importance in economic development, study the supply, demand and pricing of energy,
2. To know principles and methods of energy conservation.
3. To study the planning and policies adopted for ensuring energy efficiency and conservation
for sustainable development.
Module 1 : Energy Concepts

Concepts - Definitions - Sources and Categories of Energy - Energy Balance Tables - Energy Data
Sources - Energy System - Energy - Economy Linkages - Green Energy; Forms of Energy -
Electricity, Coal, Oil and Renewable Sources - Availability and Features - Management of Energy
Resources - Energy and Environmental Sustainability.
Module 2 : Energy Supply Analysis

Availability and Supply of Different Sources of Energy - Supply Constraints - Role of Renewable
Sources of Energy - Institutional Framework for Energy Supply in India - Supply Scenario and
Investment Requirements - Alternative Energy Sources - Energy Imports - Trends and Issues -
Policies of the Government.
Module 3 : Energy Demand Analysis: Determinants of Energy Demand - Estimating Energy
Demand - Methods of Estimation - Price and Income Elasticity - Demand Estimation under
Administered Price Regimes - Demand - Supply Gap - Energy Shortage and Crisis - Need for
Energy Demand Management - Renewable Energy Options.
Module 4 : Energy Pricing
Need - Methods and Principles of Energy Pricing - Economic Efficiency and Equity
Considerations - Pricing Under Supply Constrained Framework - Energy Markets - Regulation -
Issues and Challenges.
Module 5 : Energy Planning and Policy

Approaches to Energy Planning - Principles and Components - Implementation Machinery -
Decentralised Approach to Energy Planning - Planning for Energy Security - Integrated Energy
Policy - Issues and Challenges; Alternative Energy Sources:Wind Energy - Solar Energy - Bio
Mass Power - Waste-to-Power Small Hydro Power - Availability and Utilisation - Government
Policies.
Reading List:
1. Kneese, A. V. and Sweeny, J L. (1985): Handbook of Natural Resource and Energy
Economics. North Holland.
2. Munasinghe, M & Meier P. (1993): Energy Policy Analysis and Modeling, Cambridge
University Press, U K.
65
3. Paul Stevens (Ed,) (1997): The Economics of Energy Vol -I and Vol -IIEdward Elgar.
4. Sankar, U. (1992): Public Sector Pricing: Theory and Applications, Indian Economic
Association Trust for Research and Development, New Delhi.
Paper No: 4.6: PROJECT/DISSERTATION (Compulsory/Hard Core)
A Student is required to write a dissertation under the supervision of any one of the faculty
members in the department on any current/ contemporary economic issues incorporating all the
aspects of writing a dissertation like research problem, review of literature, objectives, data source
and methodology, analysis of field work/secondary data, findings and policy interventions. And he
has to submit the bounded volume on or before the last date of the closure of the term.
66
M.A. ECONOMICS
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
Model Question Paper
All the papers will have the same pattern of question paper. The question paper has 3 parts –A, B and C.
Time Duration =3hrs Max. Marks=80
Part-A
Short Answer questions
The Students will be asked to 10 questions out of 12 questions (Marks 2 each x 10 questions)
Total Marks=20
Q 1.
a.
b.
c.
-
-
k.
l.
Part-B
Medium Answer questions
The students will be asked to answer 5 questions out of 8 questions. (Marks 6 each x 5 questions)
Total Marks=30
Q 2.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Part-C
Long Answer questions
The students will be asked to answer 3 questions out of 5 questions (Marks 10 each x 3 questions)
Total Marks=30
10.
11
12
67
13
14
*******
GUIDELINES FOR PROJECT WORK FOR MA ECONOMICS PROGRAMME
Purpose:
The students are expected to undertake a project work as a part of their MA program during
the IV Semester and submit a dissertation. It is a n initiative to train the students in application of
the ‗Economic Theory‘ that they have learnt in the course of their degree and post -graduate study.
It is also an attempt to bridge the gap between knowledge and application which enables students
to gain insights and exposure to the live problems of the society. It serves the twin purposes of
providing critical economic thinking on the part of the students, and the society is provided with
graduates who can understand, analyze and provide policy advice on socio-economic issues.
Objectives:
The objectives of the project programme are to:
Train the students to apply theoretical concepts to real life situations and problems;
Sharpen the domain knowledge of students and improve their cross functional skills.
Enable students discover their professional strengths and weaknesses and prepare them to face the
changing socio-economic and business environment;
Prepare students to manage resources, work under deadlines, identify and carry out specific goal
oriented tasks;
Create awareness about research issues in Economics and enable them to carry out independent
research.
General Guidelines:
Nature of project work: The student will have to identify a topic for the project work according
to his/her interest, preferably in the area of his/her specialization, in consultation of the Guide. No
two students of the department shall work on the same topic in the same organization. It is
advisable to take up field based research in different sectors of the economy.
Duration of project work: The project work shall be for a period of 16 weeks of the IV Semester.
Students, in consultation with their guides, should undertake the project work, which includes
identifying and finalization of the topic, review of literature, collection and analysis of data and
submission of the dissertation.
Guide: The guide for the project work shall necessarily be a full -time faculty member teaching to
post -graduate students. The student is expected to be in continuous interaction with guide during
the course of the project work and shall be wholly responsible for completion of the project work within
time
68
Schedule for the Project Work :
Activity Time-line Remarks

Problem Identification First week Student identifies problem for his/her study, in
consultation with the guide.
Review of Literature/ 2nd to 4th week Finalization of the problem with justification
Consultation
Research design and Finalization of the research design and
Synopsis preparation 5th week preparation of synopsis incorporating the objectives,
methodology and chapter scheme
The guide shall review and finalize the synopsis,
Presentation of the 6th week which is a 3-5 pages hard copy document to be
submitted to the Chairman with the signature of
Synopsis
Guide and the Student.
Data collectionand Data to be collected, edited, coded, tabulated and
Processing 7th to 9th prepared for analysis with the guide‘s suggestions.
week
Students are expected to use appropriate statistical
Data Analysis 10th to 12th tools and techniques for analyzing the data.
week
Finalization and 12th to 16th Presenting the results in a standard format after
Submission of dissertation week due consultation with the guide.
Dissertation and Submission:

The dissertation shall be prepared using MS word processor with Times New Roman font sized 12,
on a page layout of A4 size with 1‖ margin on all three sides and 1.5‖ on the left, with double line
spacing and printed only on one side of the paper. The dissertation shall be approximately of 100
pages, with about 75 pages of text material.
The dissertation shall be submitted in a hard bound copy.
Students shall also submit a soft copy of the dissertation [CD], preferably a PDF version.
The dissertation shall be submitted to the Chairman and to the Co -ordinator of P.G.Programme or
the Principal of the college where Master of Arts in Economics program is offered. Colleges in
turn shall submit all the reports and CDs of their students along with a consolidated master list
containing examination register number, name of the student, and title of the dissertation to
Registrar (Evaluation) before the commencement of IV Semester theory examinations.
Publication:
Students are expected to present their research findings in seminars/conferences/ technical
events/fests or pu blish their research work in journals in association with their guide with
Karnatak University, Dharwad affiliation tag. Appropriate weightage should be given to this in the
evaluation of the dissertation.
69
Evaluation:
Evaluation: The dissertation shall be evaluated for 80 marks by an external examiner and viva-
voce examination for 25 marks, which shall be conducted in respective centres.
Viva-voce/Presentation: A viva-voce examination will be conducted for 20 marks at the respective
department/college/centre. Each student is expected to give a presentation of his/her work.
The Chairman of the Department and an expert appointed by the University who should be at
Professor or Associate Professor level faculty will conduct the viva -voce examination. The
respective guides shall also be in the examination board. The colleges/P.G. Centres shall make
arrangements for such examination including the payment of TA, DA and Hon orarium to outside
examiners.
Marks allocation for Dissertation:
Sl. No Aspects Marks

1 Introduction and Methodology 10
2 Profile of the study area/ Background 05
3 Theoretical Background of the Study 10
4 Research Design 10
5 Data Analysis and interpretation 25
6 Presentation of the findings 20
Total 80
Viva-voce Examination for 20 Marks

Sl. No Aspects Marks
1 Presentation and Communication Skills 02
2 Domain Knowledge 02
3 Research Design and application of quantitative tools 05
4 Results and suggestions 08
5 Presentations/Publications 03
Total 20
 Formats:
 Synopsis:
Page 1 Title, contact addresses of student - with details of the Guide

Page 2-3 Introduction with objectives, Review of relevant literature, objectives,
hypothesis, methodology expected results
Page 4 Time-Activity Chart
70
 FORMAT OF DISSERTATION REPORT
 COVER PAGE
(Title of the Report in Capital Letters)
BY
(Student Name) (Exam Regn.No.)
Submitted to
Rani Channamma University, Belagavi
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Master of Arts in Economics
Under the guidance of

GUIDE
(Name)
(Designation)
Department of Studies in Economics,
Rani Channamma University,
Vidya Sangama, -591156
Or Respective College
2018-2019
71
DEDICATION (separate Page)
DECLARATION (separate Page)
I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the Project Report entitled ― ----------------------------------------------
--------‖ written and submitted by me to Rani Channamma University , Belagavi in partial fulf ilment of
requirements for the Award of Degree of Master of Arts in Economics under the guidance of
Dr.__________ is my original work and the conclusions drawn therein are based on the material
collected by myself.
Place: Place of study Signature
Date: (Name Research Student)
CERTIFICATE (separate Page)
This is to certify that the Project Report entitled ― ----------------------------------------------------------------------

------‖ which is being submitted herewith for the award of the degree of Master of Arts in Economics of
Rani Channamma University , Belagavi is the result of the original research work completed by Mr.---------
-------------- bearing Exam registration No (xxxx), under my supervision and guidance and to the best
of my knowledge and belief the work embodied in this Project Report has not formed earlier the basis for
the award of an y degree or similar title of this or any other University or examining body.
Signature of Research Guide
Signature of the HOD in Case of affiliated College
Place:
Date:
Signature of the Chairman/Principal Place:
Date:
72
CONTENTS PAGE
CONTENTS (Indicative)
Items Page No.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Roman
LIST OF TABLES Roman
LIST OF FIGURES Roman
CHAPTER I: Introduction Arabic
CHAPTER II: Background / Profile of the Study Area Arabic
CHAPTER III: Research Design and Methodology Arabic
CHAPTER IV: Data Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation (Results and Arabic
Discussion)
CHAPTER V: Findings and suggestions Arabic
BIBLIOGRAPHY Arabic
ANNEXURE Arabic
LIST OF TABLES (separate page)
Table No. Title of the Table Page No

1.1 Arabic
1.2 Arabic
2.1 Arabic
2.2 Arabic
3.1 Arabic
3.2 Arabic
4.1 Arabic
4.2 Arabic
5.1 Arabic
5.2 Arabic
The number of tables may be as required in a chapter
73
 LIST OF FIGURES (separate page)
Figure No. Title of the Figure Page No

1.1 Arabic
1.2 Arabic
2.1 Arabic
2.2 Arabic
3.1 Arabic
3.2 Arabic
4.1 Arabic
4.2 Arabic
5.1 Arabic
5.2 Arabic
The number of tables may be as required in a chapter
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
All the abbreviations used in the dissertation should be listed alphabetically here .
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A 2-3 page document consisting of the gist of research carried out by th e student focusing on major
findings and conclusions.
 THE BODY OF THE DISSERTATION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 ANNEXURES INCLUDING THE QUESTIONNAIRE USED FOR THE STUDY, If Any
74
RANI CHANNAMMA UNIVERSITY. BELAGAVI
Rules for Post-Graduate Programme in Economics under
Choice-Based Credit System (C.B.C.S)
(Based on Social Science Faculty Regulations) w.e.f. 2008-09
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------
Course Offered: M.A. Degree in Economics
Duration:
The Course shall be of Four Semesters and each semester is of 16 weeks duration. No student shall be permitted to
obtain degree earlier than 4 semesters or to take more than 8 seme sters, i.e., the student shall complete the course
within four years from the date of admission to the first semester of Post Graduate Programme. The academic session
in each semester will provide 90 teaching days.
However, the students, who discontinue t he programme after one or more semesters due to extraordinary
circumstances are allowed to continue and complete the programme with due approval from the Registrar. Candidates
shall not register for any other regular course other than Diploma an d Certificate Courses during the duration of the
PG pogramme.
Eligibility Criteria for Admission
Candidates who possess a degree of Rani Channamma University or a Degree of any other university recognize d as
equivalent there to with Economics/ Agricultural Marketing as one of the subjects, having at least 45% of marks in
aggregate at degree level is eligible to apply. However, relaxation in respect of SC/ST/Cat -I will be followed as per
prevailing rules of the University and Government Orders from time to time.
The admission shall be made as per the reservation policy and directions issued in this regard from time to time by the
Government of Karnataka and also as per rules as prescribed by the University from time to time .
Medium of Instruction:
The medium of Instruction shall be English. However, the candidates are permitted to write their examinations in K
annada also.
Course Structure:
The term ‗Course‘ is used to indicate a logical part of a subject matter of the programme (also refe rred to as Paper). In
essence, the courses are of three types:
Compulsory Courses
Specialization Courses, and
Open Elective Courses.
Each programme shall have a set of Compulsory Courses that a student must complete to get the degree in the
concerned subject / programme. The stu dent shall study 4 compulsory papers.
The students shall also choose any one (1) of the Specialization / Optional Papers in all the four s emesters. The
department shall offer one Open Elective Course in all the four semesters for students from othe r
Departments. Students from the same department are not allowed to opt Open Elective Course in the same department.
Minimum and Maximum Credits
―Credit‖ means the unit by which the course work is measured. For this Regulation, one Credit means one hour of
teaching work or two hours of practical work per week. As regards the marks for the courses, 1 Credit is equal to 25
marks, 2 Credits are equal to 50 marks, 3 Credits are equal to 75 marks and 4 Credits ar e equal to 100 marks as used
in conventional system.
All the Courses in the Department shall carry 4 credits.
75
A Student shall register for 24 credits in each semester.
Credit Distribution: Actual total Credits for M.A. in Economics shall be 96, which are distributed as shown below:
Semester and Course wise distribution of Credits:
Programme Course Credit/s

Compulsory 5 (4)
Specialization 1 (4)
I Semester Total 24
Compulsory 4 (4)
II Semester
Open Elective 1 (4)
Total 24
Compulsory 4 (4)
III Semester
Open Elective 1 (4)
Total 24
Compulsory 4 (4)
IV Semester
Dissertation 1 (4)
Total 24
TPC 96
Paper Marks wise summary of the Credits for each semester of the Course in M.A. Economics is as shown
below :
Sl.No Details Max. Marks Total Instruction Credits/per

Marks Hrs/week week
A. Compulsory Papers IA Semester
End Exam
Paper-1 20 80 100 4 4
Paper-2 20 80 100 4 4
Paper-3 20 80 100 4 4
Paper-4 20 80 100 4 4
B Specialization /Optional (any one)
Paper-5 20 80 100 4 4
C Open Elective (any one)
Paper-6 20 80 100 4 4
Total Marks/Credits 120 480 600 24 24
76
Attendance
 Each paper/course shall be taken as a unit for the purpose of calculating the attendance.
 Each student shall sign the attendance maintained for each course for every hour of teaching of each paper.
All teachers shall notify the monthly attendance of every student on the Notice Board of the Department
during 2nd week of the subsequent month.
 Marks shall be awarded to the students for attendance as specified in the regulations concerning the
evaluation as shown below:
Attendance 90 and above Above 80 and upto 90 Above 75 75 and Below
(in percentage) And upto 80
Marks
3 2 1 No Marks
 A student shall be considered to have satisfied the required attendance for each course, if he/she has attended
not less than 75% of the number of instructional hours during the semester.
 There is no provision for condoning shortage of attendance.
 The students who do not sati sfy the prescribed requirement of attendance shall not be eligible for the ensuing
examination. Such candidates may seek admission afresh to the given semester.
 Such of the candidates who have participated in State/National level Sports, NSS, NCC, Cultural activities
and other related activities as stipulated under the existing regulations shall be consid ered for giving
attendance for actual number of days utilized in such activities (including travel days) subject to the
production of certificates from the relevant authorities within two weeks after the event.
Duration of Teaching Theory and Practical Papers
 Each Theory Course covered under the compulsory category shall be taught for 4 hours per week.
 Each Theory Course covered under the Specialization cat egory shall be taught for 4 hours per week.
 Each open Elective Paper shall be taught for 4 hours per week.
 Practical of any declared course classified under the category of compulsory course shall obviously be
compulsory and shall be for a period twice the number of credits. For instance, if the Practical is for 2 credits,
it shall carry 4 hours of Practical for a week and shall figure accordingly in the Time -Table of the subject.
 For the open Elective Courses, there will be no practicals.
Examination
 There shall be an examination at the end of each semester.
 Unless otherwise provided, there shall be semester end examination of 3 hours duration for 75 marks.
Practical examination for Computer Applications for 25 marks shall be conducted for 1 (one) hour.
 Every student shall register for each semester end examination as per the University notification by
submitting duly completed application form through the proper channel and shall also pay the prescribed fees.
 The office of the Registrar (Evaluation) shall allot the Register Number to the candidate at the 1 st Semester
end examination. That will be the Register Number of the candidate for all the subsequent appearances and
semester examinations.
 The answer scripts shall be in the safe custody of the Universit y for a maximum period of six months from
the date of announcement of the results. These shall be disposed off after six months.
 The programme under CBCS is a fully carry-over system. A candidate reappearing either the odd or even
semester examinations shall be permitted to take examinations as and when they are conducted (even
semester examination in even semester and odd semester examination in odd semester).
 Candidates who have failed, remained absent or opted for improvement in any course/s shall appea r for such
course/s in the immediate two successive examinations that are conducted. However, in the case of candidates
appearing for improvement of their marks, the marks secured in the previous examination shall be retained if
the same is higher.
 Candidates who desire to challenge the marks awarded to them, in the even semester end examinations, may
do so by submitting an application along with the prescribed fee to the Registrar (Evaluation) within fifteen
days from the announcement of the result.
 Whenever the syllabus is revised, the candidate reappearing shall be allowed for PG Degree examinations
77
only according to the new syllabus.
Course Weightage:
Course Weightage would be equal to the number of credits awarded to the particular course. For instance, if
the Compulsory Course has a credit award of 4, then the appropriate weightage for the course would be 4.
Course Evaluation
 Each course shall have two evaluation components - Internal assessment (IA) and the Semester end
examinations.
 The IA component in a course shall carry 25 marks (including 3marks for attendance as
 specified above) and the semester end examination shall carry 75 marks. However, in respect of Computer
Applications paper of II semester, the IA marks shall be 15(including 3marks for attendance as specified
above), practical marks shall be 25 and the semester end examination shall carry 60 marks.
 11.3(a) Internal Assessment (IA) marks shall be based on continuous internal assessment.
 The various components of I.A. for 25 marks are as follows:
 Attendance -- 3 Marks
 Test-I (announced) -- 7 Marks
 Test –II (announced) -- 10 Marks
 Total -- 20 Marks
--------------
 (b) In respect of Open Elective Course (OEC) in Economics, submission of two Home Assignments
/Presentation of one seminar by each candidate shall be compulsory for fulfillment of I.A. Component in
addition t o 11.3 (a) as stated above.
 Calendar of tests shall be notified in the first week of each semester.
 The IA marks list shall be notified on the Department Notice Board as and when the individual IA com
ponents are completed and the consolidated list shall be submitted to the Office of the Registrar (Evalua tion)
before the commencement of semester-end examination, or as directed by the University in this regard from
time to time.
 The tests shall be written in a separately designated book supplied by the University which shall be open for
inspection by the students after evaluation
 There is no provision for seeking improvement of Internal Assessment marks.
 There shall be one semester end examination of 3 hrs duration (for 75 marks per paper) for each course/paper.
 If a candidate remains absent for I.A. Tes t, there is no provision for Re -test.
 Declaration of Results:
 Minimum for a pass in each paper shall be 40% of the total 100 marks including both the IA / Practical and
the semester end examinations marks. However, candidate shall obtain at least 40% of the marks in the
Semester End Examination (i.e. 30/75). There is no minimum in the IA / Practical marks. However, after
adding the IA / Practical and the semester end examinations marks, the candidate shall score a minimum 40%
of the maximum marks for the course/paper.
 Candidates shall secure a minimum of 50% in aggregate in all courses/papers of a programme in each
semester to successfully complete the programme.
 Candidates shall earn the prescribed number of credits (i.e. 96) for the pro gramme to qualify for the PG
Degree in Economics.
 For the purpose of announcing the results, the aggregate of the marks secured by a candidate in all the
semester examinations shall be taken into account. However, Ranks shall not be awarded in case the
candidate has not successfully completed each of the semesters in first attempt or has not completed the
programme in the stipulated time or had applied for improvement of results.
 The candidates, seeking improvement of their results shall submit an application along with a prescribed fee
to the Registrar (evaluation) and surrender the degreecertificate / provisional pass certificate/original marks
cards of that semester within 15 days from the date of announcement of the result, or as per the prevailing
rules of University from time to time.
78
Marks, Credit Points, Grade Points, Grades and Grade Point Average
The grade points and the grade letters to candidates in each course shall be awarded as follows :
Percentage of marks Grade Points Grade Letter

75 and above, up to 100.00 % 7.50 to 10.00 A
60 and above but less than 75 % 6.00 and above but less than 07.5 B
50 and above but less than 60 % 5.00 and above but less than 6.0 C
40 and above but less than 50 % 4.00 and above but less than 05.00 D
Less than 40.00 % Less than 4.00 F
Credit Point (CP): The Credit Point for each course/paper shall be calculated by multiplying the grade
point obtained by the credit of the course.
The award of Grade Point Average (GPA) for any student is based on the performance in the whole
semester. The student is awarded Grade Point Average for each semester based on the Total Credit Points
obtained and the total number of credits opted for. The GPA is calculated by dividing the total credit points
earned by the student in all the courses by the total number of credits of those courses of the semester.
The Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) shall be calculated by dividing the total number of c redit
points in all the semesters by the total number of credits in all the semesters. The CGPA to date shall be
calculated by dividing the total number of credit points in all the semesters to date by th e total number of
credits in all the semesters to date.
CGPA for the I semester =
Sum of the CP of the I semester ÷ Sum of the credits of the I semester CGPA for the II semester =
Sum of the CP of the I sem.+ Sum of the CP of the II sem. ÷ Sum of the credits of the I semester +II
semester
CGPA for the III and IV Semesters shall be computed accordingly.
The Grade Card at each semester examination shall indicate the courses opted by the student, the credit for
the course chosen by the student, the credit points obtained in each course, the grade letter and the grade
point average. No class shall be awarded for each semester and the same would only be awarded at the end
of all the semesters based on Cumulative Grade Point Average.
Class shall be awarded to the successful candidates based on the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)
as specified below:
Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) Class to be awarded

7.5 to 10.0 First Class with Distinction
6.0 and above but below 7.5 First Class
5.0 and above but below 6.0 Second Class
Less than 5.0 Fails
14. Model Question Paper

Time Duration =3hrs, Max.Marks=80
79
-A
The Students will be asked to 10 questions out of 1 2 questions (Marks 2 each x 10 questions)
Total Marks=20
Q 1. a.
.
.
.
l.
Part-B

Total Marks=25
Q 2.
-
9
Part-C

Total Marks=30
Q 10.
-
14
80
Annexure: 1
Illustrative Model:
Grade Card
Programme :( M.A. in Economics)
Name of the candidate: Semester:
I
Seat No: Month & Year :
Course Course Credits Max Marks Mark Semester Credit

code no Obtained Grade Point Points
A. Compulsory
Courses
Course-I 04 100 60 6.00 24.00
Course-II 04 100 74 7.40 29.60
Course-III 04 100 43 4.30 17.20
Course-IV 04 100 52 5.20 20.80
B. Specialisation
Course
Course-I 04 100 52 5.20 20.80
C. Open Elective
Course
Course-I 04 100 60 6.00 24.00
Total 24 600 341 136.40
GPA for I Semester = Total no.of CP ÷ Total no. of Credits =136.40/24.00 =5.68
CGPA for I Semester = GPA = 5.68
Calculation of CGPA for II, III and the Final Semester____________________________________

CP (I Sem) +CP (II Sem)
CGPA for II Sem= -----------------------------------------------------
Credits (I Sem) + Credits (II Sem)
CP (I Sem) + CP(II Sem) + CP(III Sem)
CGPA for III Sem= -----------------------------------------------------
Credits (I Sem) + Credits(II Sem)+ Credits(III Sem)
CP (I Sem) + CP(II Sem) + CP(III Sem) + CP(IV Sem)
CGPA for the programme = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Credits (I Sem) + Credits(II Sem)+ Credits(III Sem)+ Credits(IV Sem)
(*CP: Credit Points)
81
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
M.A. ECONOMICS CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM
Model Question Paper
Time Duration =3hrs Max.Marks=80
Part-A
The Students will be asked to 10 questions out of 12 questions (Marks 2 each x 10 questions)
Total Marks=20
Q 1. a.
b.
c.
-
-
k.
l.
Part-B
Total Marks=25
Q 2.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Part-C
Total Marks=30
Q 10.
11
12
82

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RANI CHANNAMMA UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI

DEPARTMENT OF STUDIES IN ECONOMICS

CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

COURSE STRUCTURE (SCHEME), SYLLABUS,

IMPLEMENTED FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR

2020-21 AND ONWARDS

I Compulsory Papers ( Hard Core)

II Soft Core/ Specialization / optional (any one)

III Open Elective (any one)

III Semester IV Semester

I Compulsory Papers ( Hard Core)

II Soft Core/ Specialization / optional (any one)

III Open Elective (any one)

1.1 Advanced Micro Economic 4 4 20 80 100

1.2 Advanced Macro Economic 4 4 20 80 100

1.3 Public Economics 4 4 20 80 100

1.4 International Trade 4 4 20 80 100

II – Soft Core/ Specialization / optional

1.5.1 Financial Economics 4 4 20 80 100

1.5.2 Agricultural Economics 4 4 20 80 100

1.5.3 Industrial Economics 4 4 20 80 100

1.5.4 Regional Economics 4 4 20 80 100

1.6 Rural Development 4 4 20 80 100

Paper No: 1.1 ADVANCED MICRO ECONOMICS (Compulsory/Hard Core)

Module 1: Introduction and Basic Concepts

Module 2 : Demand Analysis

Module 3 : Theory of Production and Costs

Module 4 : Price and Output Determination

Module 5 : Alternative Theories of the Firm

Module 1: Macro Economics Concepts and National Income Accounts.

Module 2 : Classical Macro Model.

Module 3 : Keynesian Macro Economics.

Module 4 : Theories of Consumption Function.

Module 5 : The Investment Function and Multiplier:

Module 2 : Public Choice and Policy

Module 3 : Theories of Public Expenditure

Module 4 : Public Revenue and Taxation

Module 5 : Public Debt and Its Management

1. To enable the Students to understand theories of International trading system.

Module 1 : Theories of International Trade

Module 2 : Neo- Technological Trade Theories

Module 3 : Terms of Trade and Gains from Trade

Module 4 : Balance of Payments

Module 5 : Exchange Rate Determination

Skill Development Activities:

Paper No: 1.5.1 : FINANCIAL ECONOMICS

Module 1: Introduction to Financial Economics

Module 2 : Financial Market and Financial Instruments

Module 4 : Development Banking

Module 5 : New Financial Instruments

Skill Development Activities:

Paper No: 1.5.2: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

1) To provide theoretical knowledge in Agricultural Economics with reference to Indian Agriculture.

Module 1 : Agriculture in Economic Development

Module 2 : Agricultural Production and Productivity

Module 3 : Agricultural Growth in India

Module 4 :Institutional and Technological Change in Indian Agriculture

Paper No: 1.5.3: INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS

Module 2 : Market Conduct and Performance