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Exp 3 Abst, Intro, and Atq

This study aims to determine the emissivity of different surfaces (polished, silver adonised, and matt black) using an experimental method. A radiation apparatus, digital thermometer, and metal plates were used to record the temperature and radiometer readings of each plate. The emissivity values of a graybody and blackbody were computed to determine the emissivity of each plate. The computed values were graphed to compare and conclude which plate emits the most radiation.

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Chali Haine
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82 views5 pages

Exp 3 Abst, Intro, and Atq

This study aims to determine the emissivity of different surfaces (polished, silver adonised, and matt black) using an experimental method. A radiation apparatus, digital thermometer, and metal plates were used to record the temperature and radiometer readings of each plate. The emissivity values of a graybody and blackbody were computed to determine the emissivity of each plate. The computed values were graphed to compare and conclude which plate emits the most radiation.

Uploaded by

Chali Haine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ABSTRACT

THIS STUDY AIMS TO DETERMINE THE EMISSIVITY OF DIFFERENT SURFACES


(POLISHED, SILVER ADONISED, AND MATT BLACK). THE STUDY WAS
CONDUCTED EXPERIMENTALLY USING A RADIATIONAPPARATUS, A DIGITAL
THERMOMETER, A MATT BLACK PLATE, A SILVER ADONISED PLATE AND A
POLISHED PLATE AS SUBSTITUTE FOR THE BLACKBODY. THE TEMPERATURE
OF THE METAL PLATE AND ITS CORRESPONDING RADIOMETER READING
WERE RECORDED PER METAL PLATE USED. THE VALUES FOR THE
EMISSIVITY OF A GRAYBODY AND A BLACKBODY WERE COMPUTED TO
DETERMINE THE EMISSIVITY OF THE DIFFERENT PLATES. THE COMPUTED
VALUES WERE GRAPHED TO COMPARE THEIR VALUES AND CONCLUDE
WHICH AMONG THE PLATES EMITS MORE RADIATION.
Keywords: EMISSIVITY, STEFAN-BOLTZMANN LAW, BLACKBODY, RADIATION
APPARATUS
Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Emissivity is defined as the ratio of the energy radiated from a material's surface to that

radiated from a a perfect emitter, known as a blackbody, at the same temperature and wavelength

and under the same viewing conditions. It is a dimensionless number between 0 (for a perfect

reflector) and 1 (for a perfect emitter).

The emissivity of a surface depends not only on the material but also on the nature of the

surface. For example, a clean and polished metal surface will have a low emissivity, whereas a

roughened and oxidized metal surface will have a high emissivity. The emissivity also depends

on the temperature of the surface as well as wavelength and angle.

Knowledge of surface emissivity is important both for accurate non-contact temperature

measurement and for heat transfer calculations. Radiation thermometers detect the thermal

radiation emitted by a surface. They are generally calibrated using blackbody reference sources

that have an emissivity as close to 1 as makes no practical difference.

When viewing ‘real’, more reflective surfaces, with a lower emissivity, less radiation will be

received by the thermometer than from a blackbody at the same temperature and so the surface

will appear colder than it is unless the thermometer reading is adjusted to take into account the

material surface emissivity.

Unfortunately, because the emissivity of a material surface depends on many chemical and

physical properties, it is often difficult to estimate. It must either be measured or modified in

some way, for example by coating the surface with high emissivity black paint, to provide a

known emissivity value. (NPLWebsite 2021)


Emissivity is a surface property which determines how much radiation an object emits at a

given temperature compared to a blackbody at the same temperature. Emissivity (along with

background thermal radiation) is a primary source of errors in infrared temperature

measurement. Emissivity can be more easily understood if it is realized that infrared has similar

properties to visible light.

Mirrors figure prominently in the discussion of heat radiation and emissivity. Since heat and

light radiation behave similarly, what we see with our eyes is similar to what the IRt/c sees.

When you look in a mirror with your eyes, you see only reflections, nothing of the mirror itself.

If the mirror is perfect, it has 100% reflectivity. Therefore, it emits nothing because it reflects

everything. For this condition, the emissivity is zero. (Exergen.com 2021)

A blackbody is a diffuse emitter which means it emits radiation uniformly in all direction.

Also a blackbody absorbs all incident radiation regardless of wavelength and direction. The

radiation energy emitted by a blackbody per unit time and per unit surface area can be

determined from the Stefan-Boltzmann Law:

Eb = σT4

where T is the absolute temperature of the surface in K, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant equal

to 5.6690 x 10-8 W/ m2 .K4 and Eb is called the blackbody emissive power. (Bahrami, M.)
Appendix D

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

1. A small radiant heater has metal strips 6 mm wide with a total length of 3 m. The surface

emissivity of the strips is 0.85. To what temperature must the strips be heated if they are to

dissipate 2000 W of heat to a room at 25 ˚C?

Solution: q = εσA(T4 − T04)

T1= (298 K)4+ (2000 W)/{(0.85)*(5.669 x 10-8W/m2-K4)*(0.006 m)*(3 m)}

T1= 1233 K = 960 ºC

2. Between tarnished copper and polished copper, which has the higher value of emissivity?

Explain why. Which one will emit more radiation? Explain.

Tarnished copper has a higher value of emissivity since it is more darker in surface than that

of a polished copper. Comparing the emissivity values of tarnished and polished copper, which

are 0.75 and 0.03 respectively, we can say that tarnished copper will emit more radiation than

that of a polished copper because of its surface that absorbs and emits radiation than a polished

one that reflects radiation more than emitting.

3. What is the significance of knowing the emissivity of different surfaces?

Knowledge of surface emissivity is important both for accurate non-contact temperature

measurement and for heat transfer calculations. 


REFERENCES

 Infrared Temperature Sensors. WHAT IS EMISSIVITY?. Exergen.com. (2021). Retrieved

June 2021, from https://www.exergen.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Technote

-31.pdf.

 Bahrami, M. (2021). Chapter 12: Radiation Heat Transfer. Mhtl.uwaterloo.ca. Retrieved

June 2021, from http://www.mhtl.uwaterloo.ca/courses/ece309_mechatronics/lectures

/pdffiles/summary_ch12.pdf.

 What is emissivity and why is it important?. NPLWebsite. (2021). Retrieved June 2021, from

https://www.npl.co.uk/resources/q-a/why-is-emissivity-important.

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