5

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 18:
Solving Routine and Non-Routine
Problems on Experimental
Probability

CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
Mathematics – Grade 5
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 18: Solving Routine and Non-Routine Problems on Experimental
Probability
First Edition, 2020

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 5

Mathematics
Quarter 4 – Module 18:
Solving Routine and Non-Routine
Problems on Experimental
Probability
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

Good day Mathletes! This module was designed and written to help you gain
understanding and test your ability in solving routine and non-routine problems on
experimental probability. You have learned that a routine problem is a type
of problem where there is an immediate solution. A non-routine problem, on the
other hand, is a problem which requires analysis and insights into known principles
of Mathematics. It involves a relatively more challenging problem solving that
involves a couple more steps than routine problems.
Probability is the Mathematics of chance. This module will help you
understand solving both routine and non-routine probability problems.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

 solve routine and non-routine problems involving experimental probability.
(M5SP-IVj-18)

Before going any further, let us check your understanding about solving
routine and non-routine problems involving experimental probability.

1 CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
 What I Know

Directions: Read each statement below carefully and solve the given routine and
non-routine problems. Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Experimental probability is the ratio between the actual number of times the
event occurs and the total number of conducted ______.
A) trials B) chance C) probable D) experiment

2. A coin is tossed 30 times. A head appeared eighteen times. What is the

experimental probability of getting a tail?
18 6 3 2
A) 30
B) 30
C) 5
D) 5

3. You were hired as worker who checks cartons of eggs. On a certain day, you
checked 15 cartons of eggs. Five of the cartons have at least one cracked egg.
What is the experimental probability that a carton of eggs have at least one
cracked egg?
1 1 1 3
A) 15
B) 5
C) 3
D) 5

4. During a 24-hour period, the ratio of Pinoy pop songs played to Pinoy rap
songs played on a radio station is 50:40. What is the experimental probability
that the next song played is a Pinoy rap?
4 4 5 5
A) B) C) D)
5 9 9 4

For item numbers 5 & 6, please refer to the information given below.

Rollie rolled two dice 80 times and records the sum of the numbers on the top
faces. The results are shown.

Rolling Two Dice

Outcome (Sum) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Number of Times
2 3 5 9 11 14 12 9 7 5 3
it Happened

5. What is the experimental probability of getting a sum less than 5?

9 5 1 1
A) B) C) D)
80 80 8 6

6. What is the experimental probability of getting an even-numbered sum?

1 1 28 30
A) 2
B) 8
C) 80
D) 80

2 CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
 7. A spinner has 8 slots numbered 1 to 8. You spinned the spinner 20 times with
the following results:

Number on
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
the Spinner
Number of
times it lands 3 2 3 3 4 2 2 1
on it

What is the experimental probability of landing on an odd number?

1 1 3 3
A) 2
B) 4
C) 5
D) 8

For item number 8, please refer to the information given below.

The following bar graph shows how many pets each customer owned before
entering Pedro's Pet Store today.

3
Customers

0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of Pets

8. Based on this data, what is a reasonable estimate of the probability that the
next customer to enter Pedro's Pet Store has exactly 3 pets?
2 1 3 6
A) 3
B) 5
C) 10
D) 10

9. The given frequency table at the right

Size of bed Number of beds
summarizes last week's bed sales at
Rolly’s Furniture. Based on this data, Twin 33
what is a reasonable estimate of the Double 66
probability that the next bed sold is a
twin bed? Queen 44

King 22
1 3
A) C)
5 5
2 4
B) 5
D) 5

10. In a deck of 52 cards, Mario draws a card 25 times. In the 25 draws, a card in
red suit was drawn 10 times. What is the probability that a black suit was
drawn?
10 15 10 15
A) 25
B) 25
C) 52
D) 52

3 CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
 Lesson Solving Routine and Non-
1 Routine on Solving
Experimental Probability

As previously introduced, probability is the branch of Mathematics that deals

with the likelihood of the occurrence of a given event. Example events include getting
a “face” when tossing a coin or getting “1” in tossing a die.
In this module you are going to learn how to solve routine and non-routine
problems on experimental probability.
Experimental probability of an event is the ratio of the number of times an
event occurs to the number of trials conducted. In order to determine the probability,
there is a need for an actual experiment to be conducted.
But before we discuss experimental probability, let us first recall the basic
concepts of simple probability.

What’s In

As mentioned earlier, Probability is the Mathematics of chance. In real life,

whenever we do an experiment with two possible results, two things can happen,
either the one that we expect or the one that we do not. When the result is what we
expected, then it is the favorable outcome. This is the fundamental concept of simple
probability.

In simple probability, we compute the probability of a desirable or favorable

event by getting the ratio of the favorable outcome to the total possible outcomes. In
formula:

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

Probability of a favorable event = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

Let us answer the following example to help you better understand the lesson
on simple probability.

Consider tossing a coin. In tossing a coin, there are two possible outcomes:
head and tail. This means that there are 2 possible outcomes, head and tail only.

4 CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
 Let us say, you want to know the probability of getting a “head”. The number
of times you get a head is considered to be the favorable outcome. In getting the
probability of this event, we use the equation:

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

Probability of a favorable event =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑
Probability of getting a head =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

1
Probability of getting a head = 2.

The number of unfavorable outcomes is the number of outcomes that is not

that of what we want to get. In this case, getting a tail is unfavorable if we want to
know the probability of getting tails. This means that the probability of unfavorable
event is given as follows:

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

Probability of a unfavorable event = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

In our coin example, the probability of unfavorable event is:

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

Probability of a unfavorable event =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑠
Probability of a unfavorable event = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠

1
Probability of a unfavorable event = 2

Notice that since there are only two possibilities, we get equal probabilities for
both the favorable and unfavorable events. In symbols:

1 = Probability of getting unfavorable event + Probability of getting favorable

event.

5 CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
 What’s New

From the previous lesson, you were taught on how to solve simple probability.
This time, we will talk about experimental probability. As initially presented, an
experimental probability is the ratio between the number of times an event occurs
and the total number of trials made. It is determined by doing an experiment.

Let us consider an example:

It is Trick or Treat season and Maria wore her Halloween costume and went
around their subdivision to collect sweets. She also wanted to know about the
probability of getting 5 different kinds of treats by collecting 100 of them. She went
home with 100 pieces of sweet treats in her basket. She collected 10 bubble gums,
20 mint candies, 35 strawberry candies, 25 gummy bears, and 10 coffee candies.
What is the probability that she got coffee candies?

To solve this, we have:

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠
Probability of an event =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠

10 1
Probability (getting coffee candies) = 100
= 10

From the sample problem above, we can say that the probability that Maria
10
got coffee candies in the trick or treat is 100. So we can write the probability in
1
simplest form to be 10
.

Let us study another example.

Mario and Jose were playing a coin and a die. Mario tossed a coin while Jose
rolled a die simultaneously for 6 times. The outcomes are given in the table below:

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Trial 6 Trial 7 Trial 8 Trial 9

Coin H H T T H T H T H

Die 2 5 3 1 5 3 3 4 6

Based on the outcomes, they wanted to find the probability of getting a tail
and a three together.

Can you help Mario and Jose on this?

6 CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
 What is It

The given problem in the previous section asks about determining the
probability based on the outcome of the trials. Such is called experimental
probability.

Experimental probability is the type of probability that is based on the actual

conduct of an experiment. An experiment is the process of generating observations
from a controlled set up. In the context of probability, it is the process of generating
observations of events such as the number of times a “1” appears when a die is
tossed.

Experimental probability is determined by getting the ratio between the

number of times an event occurs and the total number of trials made.

In formula, we have

𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑠

Experimental probability =
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠

Now, that you know what experimental probability is, you can already help
Mario and Jose.

Going back to the problem,

A coin is tossed and a die is rolled simultaneously for 6 times. The

outcomes are given in the table below.

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Trial 6 Trial 7 Trial 8 Trial 9

Coin H H T T H T H T H

Die 2 5 3 1 5 3 3 4 6

7 CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
 The following are steps to find the experimental probability of getting a tail
and a three together.

Step 1
Understand:
 Know what is asked: The probability of getting a tail and a three.
 Know the given facts: 2 tail and a three out of 9 trials. These two
outcomes are shown in trials 3 and 6.

Step 2
Plan: There are 9 trials. Two of the trials are tail and three
Use the formula, and then substitute.
number of times the event occurs
 P(E) = total number of trials

where E refers to the event

Step 3
Solve:
2
 The probability of getting a tail and a three is =
9

Step 4
Check and Look Back:
 Since there are 9 trials and the tail and a three occurs 2 times,
2
the probability of getting tail and a three is = 9

Let’s take another example.

A bag contains 14 red marbles, 6 yellow marbles, and 10 blue marbles.

Ana took a marble and returned it. After 20 trials, blue marble was
picked 7 times. Find the experimental probability of getting a blue
marble.

Solution:
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑑 7
P (blue marble) = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠
= 20

7
Therefore, the experimental probability of getting a blue marble is 20
.

8 CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
 What’s More

Activity 1:
Directions: Read each problem and then solve. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
Two dice are rolled twelve times and the total number of dots are added up.
Here are the outcomes of the sum:

Outcomes
4 7 12 9 8 2 4 6 5 3 10 7
(Sum)

1. What is the experimental probability that the sum is greater than 5?

2. What is the experimental probability that the faces with 5 and 6 dots
appear?
3. What is the experimental probability that the sum is an even number?
4. What is the experimental probability that the sum is an odd number?
5. What is the experimental probability that the sum is 4?

Activity 2:
Directions: Read each problem and then solve. Follow the steps. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
The table below shows the results of a card experiment. Each time a card was
picked, it was returned to the bag.

Card Experiment
Outcome Number
Black 22
White 18
Blue 10

Answer the following questions relevant to the experiment:

1. How many trials of picking a card were made?
2. How many times was blue card picked?
3. What is the experimental probability of picking a black card?

Activity 3:
Directions: Determine the experimental probability. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

Rock, Paper, Scissor Game

1. In 31 tries Eli beat Janine 11 times. What is the probability that Janine won?
2. In 60 tries, May won 20 times. What is the probability that May won?
3. In 40 tries, Ryan won over Ghie 10 times. What is the probability that Ghie
won?

9 CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Fill in the blanks. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

(1)_____________ is the mathematics of chance. It is the field in mathematics that

deals with (2) ___________.

(3) An ______________ is an activity when something is done and results are

expected by chances. The uncertain result is called an (4) __________.

(5) An _____________________________ is the ratio between the number of times the

event occurs and the total number of trials.

What I Can Do

When making important decisions in life, do you list down all the possibilities
first before you make a choice, or do you quickly make decisions? In real life,
whenever we do an experiment, at least two things can happen, either the one we
expect or the one that we do not. When the result is what we expected, then it is a
favorable outcome. An outcome is the result of an experiment.
Directions: Perform the experiment, record your data in a table. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

Experiment: Coin Flip

Flip a coin 20 times and record the results using the table below. Answer the
questions that follow.
Trials 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Outcome

1) Which is more likely to appear in the majority, head or tail?

2) What is the experimental probability of getting heads?
3) How about tails?

10 CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
 Assessment

Directions: Read each statement below carefully and solve the given routine and
non-routine problems. Write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.

1. ___________________ is the ratio between the number of times the event occurs
and the total number of trials.
A) Experimental Probability
B) Theoretical Probability
C) Simple Probability
D) Experiment

2. A coin is tossed 20 times. A tail appeared twelve times. What is the

experimental probability of getting a head?
12 4 3 2
A) 20
B) 20
C) 5
D) 5

3. In a deck of 52 cards, Mario draws a card 18 times. In 18 draws a card in

black suit was drawn 6 times. What is the probability that a red suit was
drawn?
6 10 12 16
A) 18
B) 18
C) 18
D) 18

4. The given frequency table at the right

summarizes last week's bed sales at Size of bed Number of beds
Khim’s Furniture. Based on this data, Twin 30
what is a reasonable estimate of the
probability that the next bed sold is a Double 60
Queen bed? Queen 40

1 3 King 20
A) 15
C) 15
2 4
B) 15
D) 15

5. You are hired as worker that checks cartons of eggs. On a certain day, you
check 20 cartons of eggs. Four of the cartons have at least one cracked egg.
What is the experimental probability that a carton of eggs has at least one
cracked egg?
1 1 1 3
A) 15
B) 5
C) 3
D) 5

6. During a 24-hour period, the ratio of Pinoy pop songs played to Pinoy rap
songs played on a radio station is 30:40. What is the experimental probability
that the next song played is a Pinoy pop?
4 4 3 3
A) 5
B) 7
C) 7
D) 4

11 CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
 7. In a spinner containing 6 slots numbered 1 to 6. You spin the spinner 15
times with the following results:
Number on the
1 2 3 4 5 6
Spinner
Number of times it
3 2 3 2 4 1
lands on it

What is the probability of landing on an even number?

1 1 1 3
A) B) C) D)
2 3 5 5

For item numbers8 & 9, please refer to the information given below.

Eric rolls two dice 60 times and records the sum of the numbers on the top
faces. The results are shown.

Rolling Two Dice

Outcome (Sum) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Number of Times
2 3 5 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 2
it Happened

8. What is the probability of getting a sum less than 6?

24 2 16 4
A) B) C) D)
60 5 50 15

9. What is the experimental probability of getting an odd-numbered sum?

1 1 29 31
A) B) C) D)
2 5 60 60

For item number 10, please refer to the given below.

The following bar graph shows how many pets each customer owned before
entering Marc's Pet Store today.

3
Customers

0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of Pets

10. Based on this data, what is a reasonable estimate of the probability that the
next customer to enter Marc's Pet Store has exactly 4 pets?
1 2 3 3
A) 5
B) 5
C) 5
D) 10

12 CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
 Additional Activities

Directions: Solve this problem. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Two dice were tossed 50 times and a sum of 6 appeared 15 times. What is the
probability that the sum that is not six appeared?

2. The following table shows the length (in days) of each of the Santos family
vacations.

Length of
6 2 1 5 3 3
Vacation

Based on this data, what is a reasonable estimate of the probability that the
next Santos family vacation lasts less than 4 days?

Mario is choosing which shirt to wear on a day. He has 5 white shirts, 7

green shirts, and 3 black shirts. What is the probability that he will NOT choose a
green shirt?

13 CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18 14
What I Know What’s More What’s More
1. A Activity 1 Activity 2
2. D
7 1. 50
3. C 1. 12
4. B 1 2. 10
2. 12 22 11
5. C 7
3. 50
or 25
6. A 3. 12
5
7. C 4. Activity 3
12
8. B 2 1
5. or 20
9. A 12 6 1. 31
10. B 20 1
2. 60
or 3
30 3
3. 40
or 4
What I Can Do Assessment Additional Activities
Experiment: Coin Flip 1. A 35 7
1. 50
or 10
2. D
 The outcome
would be different 3. C 4 2
2. 6
or 3
in every student 4. D
5. B
8
6. C 3. 15
What I Have Learned
7. B
1. Probability 8. D
2. chances 9. C
3. experiment 10. D
4. outcome
5. experimental
probability
Answer Key
References

Lumbre, Angelina P., and Alvin C. Ursua. 2016. 21St Century Mathematics 5
Textbook. Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc.

Northcutt, Ellen (Ed.). 2000. Pre-GED Mathematics. USA: Steck-Vaughn Company

15 CO_Q4_Mathematics 5_ Module 18
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