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The document discusses pH and its importance in water and wastewater treatment. It describes how pH is measured using litmus paper and a digital pH meter. The experiment's objectives were to determine the pH of water samples using these two methods. The pH of the water sample was found to be 6.3 using both methods. While this pH is within the acceptable range for most applications, it is outside the ideal range for drinking water in Bangladesh. The conclusion recommends analyzing pH as soon as possible after sampling and storing samples at 4°C to avoid changes in pH prior to testing.

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shuvobosu262
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70 views

Assignment 1

The document discusses pH and its importance in water and wastewater treatment. It describes how pH is measured using litmus paper and a digital pH meter. The experiment's objectives were to determine the pH of water samples using these two methods. The pH of the water sample was found to be 6.3 using both methods. While this pH is within the acceptable range for most applications, it is outside the ideal range for drinking water in Bangladesh. The conclusion recommends analyzing pH as soon as possible after sampling and storing samples at 4°C to avoid changes in pH prior to testing.

Uploaded by

shuvobosu262
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

0 INTRODUCTION
The term pH refers to the measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and defined as
the negative log of H+ ions concentration in water and wastewater. Determination of pH is one
of the important objectives in biological treatment of the wastewater. In anaerobic treatment,
if the pH goes below 5 due to excess accumulation of acids, the process is severely affected.
Shifting of pH beyond 5 to 10 upsets the aerobic treatment of the wastewater. In these
circumstances, the pH is generally adjusted by addition of suitable acid or alkali to optimize the
treatment of the wastewater. pH value or range is of immense importance for any chemical
reaction. A chemical shall be highly effective at a particular pH. Chemical coagulation,
disinfection, water softening and corrosion control are governed by pH adjustment. Lower
value of pH below 4 will produce sour taste and higher value above 8.5 a bitter taste. Higher
values of pH hasten the scale formation in water heating apparatus and also reduce the
germicidal potential of chlorine. High pH induces the formation of tri-halomethanes, which are
causing cancer in human beings.
1.1 OBJECTIVES
The overall objective was to investigate to determine the pH of given samples using
(2) Litmus Paper
(3) Digital pH Meter.

2.0 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY


2.1 MATERIALS

 pH meter
 Beaker
 Litmus Paper
 Reagent: Buffers Solutions of known pH value

2.2 METHODOLOGY
By using pH meter three major steps are involved in the experiment. They are as follows –

 Preparation of Reagents
 Calibrating the Instrument
 Testing of Sample
2.2.1 USING pH METER

 Calibration was Performed of the pH meter using standard pH solutions. The calibration
procedure would depend on the pH range of interest.
 In a clean dry 100 mL beaker the water sample was taken and placed it in a magnetic stirrer,
insert the Teflon coated stirring bar and stir well.

 Now the electrode was placed in the beaker containing the water sample and check for the
reading in the pH meter. Wait until you get a stable reading.

 the electrode was taken from the water sample, washed it with distilled water and then wipe
gently with soft tissue.

2.2.1 USING LITMUS PAPER

 Dip the pH paper in the sample.


 Compare the color with that of the color given on the wrapper of the pH paper
book.

3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 RESULTS
The pH of water is 6.3.

3.2 DISUSSION
This experiment is carrying out to determine the pH value of water by using Litmus Paper and
pH meter. After performing this test, pH value of water was found and it was 6.3 . According to
Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules (1997), drinking water standard for pH is 6.5 -8.5.
From this test it can be seen that sample was not prefer for drinking water.
4.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Preservation of sample is not practical. Because biological activity will continue after a
sample has been taken, changes may occur during handling and storage. The characteristics
of the water sample may change. To reduce the change in samples taken for the determination
of pH, keep samples at 4°C. Do not allow the samples to freeze. Analysis should begin as
soon as possible.

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