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Identifying Cations Flowchart

This document provides a flowchart for identifying common cations through a series of chemical tests: 1) Cations such as NH4+, Na+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Al3+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Ba2+ are tested through reactions with dilute NaOH solution and heating, which can produce precipitates, gas tests, or color changes. 2) Successive tests with NaOH solution, NH3 solution, and H2SO4 solution further differentiate cations like Al3+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Mg2+, and Ba2+ based on whether precipitates form, disappear, or remain. 3) Iron cations Fe2

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Jeffrey Piggott
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968 views1 page

Identifying Cations Flowchart

This document provides a flowchart for identifying common cations through a series of chemical tests: 1) Cations such as NH4+, Na+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Al3+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Ba2+ are tested through reactions with dilute NaOH solution and heating, which can produce precipitates, gas tests, or color changes. 2) Successive tests with NaOH solution, NH3 solution, and H2SO4 solution further differentiate cations like Al3+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Mg2+, and Ba2+ based on whether precipitates form, disappear, or remain. 3) Iron cations Fe2

Uploaded by

Jeffrey Piggott
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Identifying Cations: NH4+, Na+, Mg2+, Ag+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Al3+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Ba2+

litmus stays
red Na+
add 2 drops of dilute no precipitate add NaOH solution,
NaOH solution. NH4+, Na+ heat, test gas with red litmus goes
litmus. blue NH4+

white precipitate forms add excess precipitate disappears


Al3+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Mg2+, NaOH solution Al3+, Zn2+, Pb2+
Ba2+
new sample
precipitate remains
Mg2+, Ba2+
add 2 drops, then
new sample excess NH3 solution

add dilute H2SO4 solution


white precipitate forms and
disappears, Zn2+
colourless solution white precipitate
white precipitate forms
Mg2+ Ba2+
Al3+, Pb2+
new sample
add dilute H2SO4 solution
green precipitate forms
Fe2+

colourless solution white precipitate


Al3+ Pb2+

orange precipitate forms new add 2 drops dark red solution


Fe3+ sample KSCN solution confirms Fe3+

blue precipitate forms new add 2 drops, then excess blue precipitate then
Cu2+ sample NH3 solution deep blue solution
Cu2+

new add 2 drops, then excess brown precipitate


brown precipitate forms
+ sample then colourless
Ag NH3 solution
solution Ag+

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