Tractor Hydraulics in Line With The Trend
Tractor Hydraulics in Line With The Trend
Tractor Hydraulics in Line With The Trend
The most important trend at Agritechnica Tractor pumps necessary for internal lubrication and system leak-
1999 was probably the growth of automa- age, at a reduced pressure of about 20 bar. Power
One reason for the better energy balance is that
tion in the function and operation of agri- consumption on standby is very low and is less
the variable-displacement pump adapts hydraulic
cultural machinery. The increasing use of than 1.5 kW at a drive speed of 2,500 rpm and
performance (flow and pressure) at all times to the
modern hydraulic and electronic controls with a pump size of 45 cm3.
consumer, irrespective of drive speed. There is no
through to integrated electronics and the
excess quantity of oil which takes up drive power
use of modern CAN bus systems in farm This is particularly beneficial when used on a trac-
that then has to be converted back into lost heat.
tractors benefits the following: tor because during tractor operation the pump
– the optimization of energy exploitation spends well over half of its time switched on at zero
When no hydraulic function is actuated, the pump
– easier handling and greater user-friendliness stroke. (Table 1)
reverts to standby, i.e. the rotor group returns to
of automatic processes
its zero position and pumps only as much oil as is
– the ongoing further development of
agricultural automation.
Introduction
While fixed-displacement pump systems are mainly
used on tractors with small to medium output (75
kW) - notwithstanding a detectable trend towards
variable-displacement pumps - tractors at the top
of the performance range almost all have variable-
displacement piston pumps with load-sensing
control (Fig. 1).
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Figure 2 and 3 show two hydraulic systems as of- Multiple exhaustive endurance tests have shown The openings in the connection plate and the suc-
ten found on tractors. There are tractors with a that the new rotary group can be reliably employed tion kidney in the distributor plate and cylinder
separate tank for the hydraulic oil, as is the case at a continuous pressure of up to 210 bar and drum could not be significantly enlarged, and for
on almost all working machinery. In this case the peaks of 280 bar. this reason the permissible drive speed during self-
hydraulics forms a closed, separate system and this priming had to be reduced. During boost opera-
is referred to as a system with a separate oil cir- tion this doesn’t make any difference. Table 2
cuit. The required oil purity is achieved with a suit- shows the technical data and development status
able return filter. of this new A10VNO... pump.
Hydr. control
The vast majority of tractors have a hydraulics sys- system
tem with a shared oil circuit, i.e. the hydraulics uses
the already available gear oil. (Figure 3)
Possible problems with viscosity, trapped air in the
oil, or purity demand in this case a separate boost
pump which must be dimensioned to ensure that
the variable-displacement pump is fully supplied
in all operating conditions. The boost pump is usu-
ally slightly larger in order have excess oil for cool-
ing and/or gear lubrication. Between the boost and
variable-displacement pump, a low-pressure filter
is installed. The advantage of this design is that
there is no need for a separate tank and the op-
erator has one fewer type of oil to keep stocked. Separated oil reservoir
Fig. 2: Separated Oil Disposal Fig. 4: Variable Pump A10VO 45 DFR/52
Figure 4 shows an A10VO variable-displacement
pump of the 5x series with its typical circuitry for
load-sensing control in its basic version as used so X
far on tractors. The available rated values and the Hydr. control
main technical data are given in Table 2. Features:
system
• Small dimensions
• Favourable power-to-weight ratio
B
• Low noise for gearbox
• Compact design lubrication
148 RE 00 207/10.00
Tractor Hydraulics in Line with the Trend
Figure 6 shows our multi-functional tractor pump Figure 7 shows the circuit diagram of the A10CO The tractor pump A10CNO... is a synthesis of
A10CO..., which was specially designed for sys- pump. The spin-on filter and the differential pres- A10CO... and A10VNO... This compact tractor unit
tems with a shared oil circuit. Table 3 presents a sure switch are not normally part of the supplied has an integrated boost pump, filter connection
summary of the technical data. The variable-dis- equipment and merely the threaded connectors are etc. and is functionally identical to the previously
placement and boost pump as well as the pres- provided. discussed multi-functional unit A10CO... However,
sure relief valves, filter connection, filter bypass and It is worth mentioning that connection „G“ is the rebored rotary group of the A10VNO... is em-
filter differential pressure switch were integrated linked either to the transmission lubrication unit ployed. With maximum operating pressures up to
in a compact unit. or to the transmission so that the transmission 210 bar, this re-optimized compact unit will super-
The advantages: always receives at least 20% of the boost pump sede the A10CO... range in the medium term.
• Minimum installation space flow. Otherwise the oil circuit of the boost pump The technical data can be seen in Table 4.
• Low noise might be short-circuited (when the variable-dis- The main advantages are that it is highly efficient,
• High system efficiency placement pump is at zero stroke) and would heat even smaller and even quieter.
• Integrated boost pump up.
• Reduced piping, and thus
• Reduced overall costs
Technical Data A10CO 45.../52:
Sectional drawing
of A10CO...DFR
Fig. 7: Circuit Diagram A10CO...DFR
Fig. 6: A10CO..DFR Size 52
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Central hydraulics
The basic requirement when designing central
hydraulics is to give consideration to the various
consumers on the tractor (Fig. 8). These are pow-
ered, as described, by a variable-displacement
pump, for instance, via an oil circuit shared by the
service hydraulics and transmission.
150 RE 00 207/10.00
Tractor Hydraulics in Line with the Trend
Steering
The steering circuit today consists of:
– Hydraulic oil tank (separate or transmission)
– Filters (suction or return filters)
– Pumps (fixed- or variable-displacement pump)
– Priority valve
– Steering unit
– Steering cylinder
– Supply lines
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152 RE 00 207/10.00
Tractor Hydraulics in Line with the Trend
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Directional valves It is worth noting that this is not individual load ceeds the current maximum pump flow of 60 l/min,
compensation per section, but collective load com- the two individual flows are reduced to a value
pensation per valve block during which the con- derived from the ratio of pump flow to the indi-
Load sensing (LS)
trol pressure differential is determined by the vari- vidual flows. The starting point is the associated
To power parallel and load pressure-independent
able-displacement pump. drop in the pilot pressure differential in the sys-
motions, the load-sensing control with a variable
tem. This can no longer be compensated for by the
displacement pump is now standard on tractors of
Figure 17 shows the effects of reduced oil flow variable-displacement pump as the latter is already
60-75 kW and beyond. On this control, each sec-
during under-saturation. At the beginning of the operating at maximum flow.
tion of the control block has a 2-way pressure
under-saturation range, about 50 l/min flows
compensator, thus making a section-by-section
through valve 1. Valve 2 is opened to 30 l/min.
flow control possible.
Nevertheless, since the sum of the two valves ex-
This means that good, load pressure-independent
fine control of flow and hence speed is also possi-
ble for a wide range of consumers.
154 RE 00 207/10.00
Tractor Hydraulics in Line with the Trend
EHM18
Because the adaptation of electrohydraulic piloting
to an originally mechanically operated directional
valve imposes a number of design limitations, it
became necessary to go new ways and develop a
totally new valve, the EHM 18 (Electro-Hydraulic
Module, size 18) (Fig. 18).
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Summary
This article outlines the requirements that have to
be met by the hydraulic circuit on farm tractors
(> 75 kW) and explains the interrelationships be-
tween the subsystems with reference to illustra-
tions of individual components. In doing so we
have responded to today’s familiar demand for the
presentation of performance- and cost-optimized
systems in specific application situations.
156 RE 00 207/10.00