Bending Stress in Beams

An inverse T beam, shown in Figure has is subjected to compressive stress of 15000 psi & tensile
stress of 5000 psi. Find w and maximum moment. The beam is simply supported and subjected to
gravity loads. (Positive moment occurs)
1"

4"

1"

W
Solution:

𝑀𝑦𝑡 𝑀𝑦𝑏
𝜎𝑇 = and 𝜎𝐵 =
𝐼 𝐼

𝜎𝑇 𝑀𝑦𝑡 𝐼 𝑦𝑡
= × =
𝜎𝐵 𝐼 𝑀𝑦𝑏 𝑦𝑏

𝑤 × 1 × 0.5 + (3 × 1 × 2.5) 0.5𝑤 + 7.5

𝑦𝑏 = 𝑦𝑡 = 4 −
𝑤 × 1 + (3 × 1) 𝑤+3

3.5𝑤+4.5
0.5𝑤 + 7.5 =
= 𝑤+3
𝑤+3
𝜎𝑇 𝑦𝑡
= 𝐼 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2
𝜎𝐵 𝑦𝑏
𝐼 = 𝐼 ҧ + 𝐴𝑑 2
15000 3.5𝑤+4.5 𝑤+3
= × 1 × 33 9 × 13
5000 𝑤+3 0.5𝑤+7.5 𝐼= + 1 × 3 2.5 − 1 2 + + 9 × 1 0.5 − 1 2
12 12
3.5𝑤+4.5
⇒3= = 12 𝑖𝑛4
0.5𝑤+7.5
⇒ w = 9 in 𝑀𝑦𝑡
𝜎𝑇 =
𝐼
𝑀×3
15000=
∴ 𝑦𝑏 =1 in and 𝑦𝑡 = 3 in 12
M= 60000 lb-in
The rectangular tube shown is extruded from an aluminum alloy for
which 𝜎𝑌 = 40𝑘𝑠𝑖, 𝜎𝑈 = 60𝑘𝑠𝑖, and 𝐸 = 10.6 × 106 psi. Neglecting
the effect of fillets, determine (a) the bending moment 𝑀 for which the
factor of safety will be 3.00 and (b) the corresponding radius of
curvature of the tube.
Solution:
1 1
• Moment of Inertia, 𝐼 = (3.25)(5)3 − (2.75)(4.5)3
12 12
𝐼 = 12.97 𝑖𝑛4
𝜎𝑈 60 𝑘𝑠𝑖
Allowable Stress, 𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙 = = = 20 ksi
𝐹.𝑆 3
• Bending Moment:
1
With 𝑐 = (5) = 2.5 in., we write
2
𝑀𝑐 𝐼 12..97𝑖𝑛4
𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑀= 𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙 = (20𝑘𝑠𝑖)
𝐼 𝐶 25𝑖𝑛

𝑀 = 103.8𝑘𝑖𝑝 ⋅ 𝑖𝑛.
Radius of Curvature:

1 𝑀 103.8 × 103 1𝑏 ⋅ 𝑖𝑛 −3 𝑖𝑛−1

= = = 0.755 × 10
𝜌 𝐸𝐼 (10.6 × 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖)(12.97𝑖𝑛4 )

𝜌 = 1325 in.
𝜌 = 110.4 ft
A beam must span a distance of 12 feet and carry a uniformly
distributed load of 120 #/ft. Determine which cross-section would be
the least stressed: (a), (b), or (c).
𝜎
 𝑀𝑐
𝜎= =
𝐼
 1

𝐼𝑥𝑥 = 2𝐼1 + 𝐼2

1 1×43 4×23 2
⇒ 𝐼𝑥𝑥 = +2 + 4×2 1−4
12 12

=154.7 𝑖𝑛4

𝜎
The simply supported beam in Fig.(a) has the T-shaped cross
section as shown and the beam is subjected to indicated
loadings. Determine the values and locations of the maximum
tensile and compressive bending stresses.
Solution

𝐴1 𝑦1 + 𝐴2 𝑦2 0.8 × 8)(4) + (0.8 × 6)(8.4

𝑦𝑏 = =
𝐴1 + 𝐴2 6.4 + 4.8
= 5.886 𝑖𝑛.

𝑦𝑡 = 8.8 − 5.886 = 2.914 𝑖𝑛.

0.8(8)3 6(0.8)3
𝐼=[ + (0.8 × 8)(4 − 5.886)2 ] + [ + (0.8 × 6)(8.4 − 5.886)2 ]
12 12
= 87.49 𝑖𝑛.4
Stresses at x = 4 ft The bending moment at this section is M = 3200 lb-ft

𝑀𝑦𝑡 3200 × 12 2.914

𝜎𝑡𝑜𝑝 =− =− = −1279 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐼 87.49

𝑀𝑦𝑏 (3200 × 12. )(5.886)

𝜎𝑏𝑜𝑡 = = = 2580 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐼 8749

Stresses at x = 10 ft The bending moment at this section is M = -4000 lb-ft

𝑀𝑦𝑡 (4000 × 12)(2.914)

𝜎𝑡𝑜𝑝 = = = 1599𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐼 87.49

𝑀𝑦𝑏 (4000 × 12)(5.886)

𝜎𝑏𝑜𝑡 =− =− = −3230𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐼 87.49
 Inspecting the above results, we conclude that the maximum tensile and compressive stresses in the beam are

(𝜎𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 ) max = 2580 psi (bottom of the section at 𝑥 = 4𝑓𝑡)

(𝜎𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 ) max = 3230 psi (bottom ofthe section at 𝑥 = 10 ft)

The cantilever beam in Fig. (a) is composed of two segments with rectangular cross
sections. The width of the each section is 2 in., but the depths are different, as shown in
the figure. Determine the maximum bending stress in the beam.

4" 6"
C

2"
 Because the cross section of the beam is not constant,
the maximum stress occurs either at the section just to the
left of B or at the section at C

For AB segment,
C
2(4)3 4
𝐼𝐴𝐵 = = 10.67 𝑖𝑛.4 , 𝑦𝑏 = 𝑦𝑡 = = 2 𝑖𝑛. 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 8000 𝑙𝑏-𝑓𝑡
12 2

For BC segment,

2(6)3 6
𝐼𝐵𝐶 = = 36 𝑖𝑛.4 , 𝑦𝑏 = 𝑦𝑡 = = 3 𝑖𝑛. 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 16000 𝑙𝑏-𝑓𝑡
12 2

𝑀𝑦 8000 × 12 × 2
(𝜎𝐴𝐵 ) 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 18000 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐼 10.67
𝑀𝑦 16000 × 12 × 3
(𝜎𝐵𝐶 ) 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 16000 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝐼 36

the maximum bending stress in the beam is 𝜎 = 18000 psi

Exc: A T-Beam shown in fig. is made of a material, the behavior of which may be identified as
having an ultimate tensile strength of 3000 psi and a ultimate compressive strength of 6000 psi with a
factor of safety of 1.5. Find the magnitude of the largest force F which may be applied to this beam in
a downward direction. Base answer only considering maximum bending stress caused by F.

F 4"
1"

3"

7' 3'

1"