TORRES, YHANCIE MAE R

1. Detail the distinction between research methods and research techniques.

The differences between Research methods and Research techniques have been incorporated.
Research methods are more vague, according to Singh. For example, the approach of participant
observation includes research techniques such as "interactional recording", "possible use of tape
recorders" and "photographic techniques" in field research. It is necessary to know the distinction
between the two terminologies, but they are interchanged much of the time in research practice. Both
the research methods and the rationale behind the methods used in the analysis are considered when
talking about research methodology. Describe why these approaches are used and not the methods
used in other research.

2. Explain why the methodological framework emerges from the conceptual framework.

In order to accomplish the research project, the conceptual framework guides the other framework
like the methodological framework. The conceptual structure comprises the principle of analysis and
more precisely, the problem statement. As stated in the earlier part of this module, prior to the
selection of the research technique, the problem statement must be drawn up. As previously stated,
the methodological frameworks derive from the research project's conceptual framework. The
primary framework is the methodological framework guide for explaining how the study will be
performed.

3. Explain the importance of having an established conceptual framework before selecting

research methodology.

In order to accomplish the research project, the conceptual framework guides the other framework.
The conceptual structure constitutes the principle of analysis and more precisely, the problem
statement. As stated in the earlier part of this module, prior to the selection of the research technique,
the problem statement must be drawn up. The design of data collection methods is based on the
methodology of studies to be used. The selection of methodology will suit the research emphasis. The
conceptual framework clearly outlines the research's emphasis and intent. In order to decide how the
research study can accomplish its main goal, the basic goals are clearly defined. It was clearly shown
that methodology selection is very important for a research project. It will be taken seriously to
 determine the right approach to be used, as this will be the guide to how the research project will be
carried out.

4. Identify and elaborate at least eight research methodologies.

 Survey research is a method of collecting data in the form of oral, written, mobile or online
questionnaires. It is a form of research methodology which through direct personal observation from
the source, obtains the data. After performing the survey, the data can be acquired immediately. The
knowledge obtained in survey research is in the form of a specific group of people or population
sample's views, perceptions and emotions.

 The Case Study is a technique of research described as a detailed examination of a confined body.
It is an extensive analysis of an entity, a group of individuals, a society or a unit that the investigator
aims to deduce from several variables. The method of case study helps the researcher to reduce a
complicated subject or issue into a research project that is more feasible.

 Experimental design is a technique in science used when an experiment is conducted. When

performing social research, it is not applicable because it is better administered in a laboratory setting.
There are two classes, the experimental and control, to be studied in experimental design. Compared
to other research methodologies, experimental design has its own benefits. The outcomes are
extremely precise. To obtain desired results, the researcher is able to manipulate the data.

 In a detailed investigation of a certain culture, Ethnographic Research is performed. The author

looks at a phenomenon under investigation. When performing ethnographic research, the researcher
must be both inclusive and exclusive to the community. In order to study a certain phenomenon
thoroughly, the person performing the research must be within the culture, at the same time outside it
to see what the degree of strangeness of a said culture is.

 Action Research's primary role is to improve and optimize the consistency of the behavior or
performance of the subject. With improved awareness, the participants of this form of research are
compensated. The act of instructing the students is an example of action study. The growth of the
students reflects the behavior of the teachers in encouraging the students to complete the course.

 Narrative research or narrative analysis is a technique of research used to gather and examine
stories of a person who has lived with and told the researcher about the experience. With their
respective discipline specific procedures, anthropologists, sociologists, educational researchers, socio-
linguists, and other groups, each lay claim to narrative study methods. The narrative approach gives
voice to those who are generally not heard.

 Historical analysis is a vital method of analyzing past events to reliably identify and explain those
incidents (Wiersma 1986). The purpose of historical research is to identify a previous situation and to
define the current problem accordingly. Another aim of historical research is to give the world of
publishing a well-supported and welcoming introduction. There are two historical data sources, the
main sources and the secondary sources.

 Discourse analysis is a concept used both in written documents and in spoken settings to research
how language is used by people. While other fields of language study may look at individual
components of the language, such as words and grammar or words components, discourse analysis
looks at a debate involving a writer and reader. Careful observation and investigation of others' study
is very important in performing discourse analysis. It is a thing to consider in conducting discourse
research to be able to recognize false facts.

 Document analysis defines the study of current knowledge on similar business activities or data
extraction schemes suitable for the current study and should also take into account the requirements of
the project. It is very similar to the study of discourses, in a way that the data analysis process is taken
as discourses that create and reflect their reality.

5. Detail the difference between research methods and research methodology.

The methodology of research is the application of specific methods used to identify, pick, process
and interpret the knowledge used to explain the issue, allowing the reader to determine the
significance and effectiveness of a report. The question of how the information was collected and
analyzed is answered. The reliability of the methodologies used must be understood by the readers.
The approach should be comprehensive and the full goals of the research project should be
addressed. Research methodology of research is found after the study of the literature and prior to
methods of data collection. In deciding the research methodologies of one's research project,
literature reviews have a significant role. The disparity between research methods and research
methodology. Research methods are viewed as procedures conducted by researchers to carry out a
research study for beginning researchers. Such approaches deal with the process of data collection. In
solving the study problem, the collected data, along with the accessible data, will be the necessary
information. Research methods may also be referred to as empirical means of research. These include
the methods developed to relate the data and analysis issues that have not been solved. The
correctness of the results obtained is assessed by these methods.

6. List the research methodology you want to utilize in your study and describe why it is the most
suitable research methods for your research.

Personally, I wanted to utilized these two types of Research Methodology which are the case study and
Experimental Design

 The Case Study is a technique of research described as a detailed examination of a confined body.
It is an extensive analysis of an entity, a group of individuals, a society or a unit that the investigator
aims to deduce from several variables. The method of case study helps the researcher to reduce a
complicated subject or issue into a research project that is more feasible.

 Experimental design is a technique in science used when an experiment is conducted. When

performing social research, it is not applicable because it is better administered in a laboratory setting.
There are two classes, the experimental and control, to be studied in experimental design. Compared
to other research methodologies, experimental design has its own benefits. The outcomes are
extremely precise. To obtain desired results, the researcher is able to manipulate the data.

7. Explain the parts of methodological framework.

The basic components of the methodological framework are briefly discussed as follows.
 Introduction- The researcher presents the research methods carried out in this section of the
research methodology chapter of the thesis.
 Research Methodology-The justifications supporting research methodology are explicitly discussed
in this chapter. It is clarified here why the research approach chosen is suitable for the study of
research.
 Sample: It is important to specify the specifics of the sample taken from the population. Where a
population survey has been used, the scale and basis of the sample shall be clarified by the
reseacher. In addition, the relation between the sample size and the population is clearly explained.
 Research population-the population or the world from which the relevant data that will be obtained
will be briefly elaborated. The study population will be identified in detail. The population can be
respondents or experimental samples, depending on the research report. In addition, the scope and
delimitation portion of the thesis will also be explained for the study community.
 Data collection methods-Subsequently, the researcher can thoroughly clarify the data collection
methods that were used in the research project after the sample representing the population has
 been determined. Data is what analysis is performed for and is evaluated and interpreted for this
purpose. The relationships of the variables, concepts and generalizations are drawn up through the
information collected to decide what the study aims to achieve.
 Issues of validity and reliability-The researcher will answer the validity and reliability of the study
methods in this section. In order to clearly define the particular purpose it is following, the data
collection approach used must be accurate. The validity of the procedure to be calculated must be
reasonable and acceptable. If it is structured to accomplish what it must accomplish, the methods
used would be treated as legitimate.
 Triangulation-We have acknowledged that triangulation uses at least two distinct approaches to
address the research query. This suggests that the investigator is looking at the research sample
from more than one viewpoint.
 Ethics-The ethics section is an appropriate part of the research project before finishing the
analytical framework to address the ethical problems in the design and mostly during the execution
of the research project.

8. Define the similarities and differences between discourse analysis and document analysis.

Discourse analysis is a concept used both in written documents and in spoken settings to research
how language is used by people. While other fields of language study may look at individual
components of the language, such as words and grammar or words components, discourse analysis
looks at a debate involving a writer and reader. Careful observation and investigation of others'
study is very important in performing discourse analysis. It is a thing to consider in conducting
discourse research to be able to recognize false facts.
Document analysis defines the study of current knowledge on similar business activities or data
extraction schemes suitable for the current study and should also take into account the
requirements of the project. It is very similar to the study of discourses, in a way that the data
analysis process is taken as discourses that create and reflect their reality.

9. Explain the feminist method in relation to social research.

The feminist approach is a way to carry out analysis from a female point of view and establish a
hypothesis. Feminist methodologies are varied, but they tend to have certain basic aims or
characteristics, including attempting to overcome study biases, offering social change,
demonstrating biological diversity, and understanding the point of view of the researcher. When
variables such as economic stats are more of a structural effect, some feminist tactics, such as
increasing consciousness, affect women's collective feelings.
10. Explain the term triangulation.

By doing triangulation, the researcher gathers further information through various methods to
assess the accuracy of the data and findings. This is to support the research project intensively by
presenting more relevant knowledge in relation to the report. Triangulation helps you to use as
many methods of data collection suitable for the research sample, so that you have multiple points
of view on the focus area being studied. Upon completing the gathering of data, the results are
being compared to establish a more comprehensive analysis and discussion. However, by doing
triangulation, the researcher must also consider the available resources he had before continuing
the triangulation process as this will also consume more time, funding and efforts.