DR. CARLOS S.

LANTING COLLEGE
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
16 Tandang Sora Ave., Sangandaan, Nova. Quezon City
Tel. No: (02938 7782 (02) 938-7789 Telefax No.: (02)939-7229 (02)9305299
e-mail: [email protected] . website: www.lantingcollege.ed.ph

“PSYCHOANALYSIS”

Group members:
Aranza, Ma. Althea Cassandra R.
Magbalot, Kate Allyson D.
Peralta, Bea Rose Gweneth S.
Tierra, Daphnie Rose J.
Vasquez, Hyabella Kate

Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences

Instructor:
Mr. Mark Stephen Resada Mingoy

January 26, 2021

 TABLE OF CONTENTS
“PSYCHOANALYSIS”

Title Page………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Overview……………………………………………………………………………………….... 3
Content…………………………………………………………………………………………... 3
Objectives………………………………………………………………………………... 3
Concepts ………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
A. Freud (Aranza).………………………………………………………………………. 4
B. Jung (Peralta)…….……………………………………............................................... 5
C. Adler (Tierra)……………………………………………............................................ 6
D. Erikson (Magbalot)….…………………………………….......................................... 6
E. Breuer (Vasquez)……………………………………….............................................. 7
Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
Reflection/ Generalization………………………………………………………………………. 8
References……………………………………………………………………………………… 11

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 “PSYCHOANALYSIS”

II. OVERVIEW
Psychoanalysis is defined as a set of psychological theories and therapeutic methods that
have their origin in the work and theories of Sigmund Freud. In this study, the researchers can
elucidate the content, objectives, and our understanding of psychoanalysis.

III. CONTENT
A. Objectives
The researchers' objectives are to let others know more about psychoanalysis because not
even half in our class have a piece of knowledge about this. Furthermore, this study can also be a
gateway for them to perceive more about themselves.

Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis is a method of treating mental disorders, made by psychoanalytic theory,
that focuses on unconscious mental process. This psychoanalytic movement came up from the
clinical observations and formulations of Austrian psychiatrist, Sigmund Freud, who created the
term psychoanalysis. Freud worked with Josef Breuer, who is an Austrian physician and
physiologist, in studies of neurotic patients under hypnosis in the 1890s. The two Austrian
noticed that, when the sources of patients’ ideas and impulses were acknowledged during the
hypnotic process, the patients would show signs of improvement.
Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality says that our behavior is the result of the
reaction of the three factors of the mind: the id, ego and superego. This theory is known as
Freud’s structural theory of personality. Through five distinct psychosexual stages of
development, complex connections among these basic sections of the mind are thought to
advance. However, over the last decade, Freud's theories have since been met with skepticism,
partially because of his peculiar emphasis on sexuality as the primary driver of the growth of
human personality.
Multiple conflicts between their biological drives (id) and their social and moral
conscience (superego) are presented to the child across these five phases because their biological
pleasure-seeking urges concentrate on various parts of the body (what Freud labeled erogenous

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zones). The ability of the child to overcome these internal conflicts helps determine their future
capacity as an adult to cope and function. Failure to manage a phase can result in someone to
become fixated at that stage, resulting in unhealthy personality characteristics; successful phase
resolution leads to a healthy adult.

IV. CONCEPTS
A. Freud (Aranza)
The most prominent interventional theory of personality would be that of psychoanalysis,
primarily perpetuated by the Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud within the first four decades of
the twentieth century. Even though its origins were based on psychoanalysis research,
psychoanalysis became a much more specific perspective on personality, structure growth and
behavior.
1. Conscious - The conscious mind is made up on those issues that we are informed of at
the moment and also to which we are usually responsive. Conscious mind also involves
our existing processes of thinking, attitudes and environmental awareness.
2. Pre-conscious - According to Freud's Theory, the pre-conscious mind consists mainly of
all those things we are knowledgeable about, but at present people are not responsive.
Freud believed that we can always control our awareness to a certain level, from
concentrating very closely on one conscious act to a deeper knowledge that seeks to
improve consciousness to choose as much pre-conscious detail as possible.
3. Sub-conscious - Freud has said the method and information are out of the produced and
distributed of the conscious mind. The subconscious therefore thinks and acts separately.
One of Freud's main insights was that a large amount of behavior is effectively guided
from the subconscious mind. This would have the alarming impact that we are majorly
unable to manage our behavior and, in specific, that we would occasionally prefer to
avoid. Further current findings have shown that the subconscious mind is certainly more
in control of our behavior than Freud had discovered.
4. Human Personality
a. ID - The id functions according to the concept of satisfaction, requiring the immediate
fulfillment of its conditions regardless of the current environment.

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 b. Ego - In an attempt to reasonably satisfy the desires and expectations of the ID in
harmony with the outside world, the ego must then develop, complying with the
concept of truth.
c. Superego - Formerly defined as conscience, the superego nurtures moral judgment
and social laws on the ego, pushing the demands not only to be achieved physically,
but also spiritually. It is the last element of the character to evolve and is the
representation of parental/social values formed during childhood.

B. Jung (Peralta)
Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung, an early disciple of Freud's theories, doubted the
level of reliance Freud placed on sexual motivation in the development of personality. Jung
acknowledged the significant impact of unconscious processes, however, and, unlike Freud, he
personally prefers to illustrate that behavior is driven more by abstract, even spiritual, procedures
than it is by sexual drives.
1. Collective Unconscious
Jung affirmed with Freud that perhaps the unconscious played a significant role in
personality and behavior, and he developed on Freud's concept of an unconscious mind to
include what Jung considered a collective unconscious.
a. The ego - According to Jung, the ego signifies the conscious mind.
b. The personal unconscious- The personal unconscious does seem to have memories,
such as those who have been stifled.
c. The collective unconscious- The collective unconscious seems to be a notable feature
of Jung's belief that even this aspect of the brain served as a context of mental
inheritance. It included those knowledge and experience which people evolved as a
species.
2. Two basic means of modulating basic drives
Jung focused on the individual distinctions; in specific, he developed a form of reaction
style, differentiating among two basic methods of modulating basic drives.
a. Introversion- Introversion was classified as a concern for one's inner world as a
means of socialization.
b. Extroversion- Extroversion as a selection for human engagement for internal drives.

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 C. Adler (Tierra)
The Austrian psychiatrist Alfred Adler, also one of Freud's early followers, also doubted
the significance of sexual intentions. Adler described the coping mechanism that he called
compensation, which he thought had an important impact on his behavior patterns.
1. Hypertrophy - In Adler’s perspective, individuals compensated for the psychosocial
deficiency by misrepresenting some other behavior, a method analogous to natural
method called hypertrophy, wherein, for instance, if one eye is damaged, the other eye
can accommodate by becoming more severe.
2. Family Dynamics - Adler has given a vital position to family dynamics in the
development of personality. The role of children in their families, the order of birth, has
been seen as precise result characteristics.

D. Erikson (Magbalot)
Freud's reliance on developing sexual, violent, and self-preservative patterns of
personality have been revised by American psychoanalyst Erik H. Erikson, who has embedded
psychological, social, and biological aspects.
1. Drive-control Interactions - the Freudian development theory with Erikson's
enhancements seems to provide for an inheritance of drive-control or internal and
environmental interactions. These may fit into the pattern of polar behaviors that evolve
in the different phases of a person's life, creating a situation at each stage that needs to be
addressed in order to prevent the extremes of personal development.
2. Eight Stages of Development
a. Infancy: trust vs. despair.
b. Early Childhood: autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
c. Pre-school: initiative vs. guilt.
d. School Age: industry vs. inferiority.
e. Puberty: identity vs. identity confusion.
f. Young Adults: intimacy vs. isolation.
g. Middle Adulthood: generative vs. stagnation
h. Late Adulthood: integrity vs. despair.

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 E. Breuer (Vasquez)
Joseph Breuer made the significant perceptions upon which the early psychoanalytical
hypothesis was based. He found that mental issues might emerge from oblivious forms and,
besides, that the hypochondriac side effect seems to vanish when these fundamental causes got to
be the portion of cognizant intellect. He communicated these discoveries to Sigmund Freud and
the two men entered into a collaboration. Breuer emphasized mesmerizing. He too accepted that
contrasting levels of awareness are exceptionally vital in both ordinary and anomalous mental
forms. Even though Freud in the long run rejected this concept, it is presently accepted. Breuer
moreover was among the foremost critical physiologists of the nineteenth century.
1. Reflex Nature of Mechanism - It was one of the primary causes of a criticism
component within the autonomic anxious framework of a warm-blooded creature. Their
test changed the way researchers see the relationship of the lungs to the apprehensive
framework, and the component is still known as the Hering-Breuer reflex.
2. Function of semicircular Canals - This work has given the establishment for our
present-day understanding of how tactile receptors distinguish position and movement.
3. Cathartic Method - it was in 1880 that, to begin with, watched the improvement of
extreme menta; illness in one of his patients,” Änna O. Breuer found that he might
decrease the seriousness of anna’s indications by empowering her to portray her fantasies
and visualizations. He started utilizing mesmerizing to encourage these sessions. He
found that when she reviewed an arrangement of recollections back to a traumatic
memory, one of her numerous side effects vanish.

V. SUMMARY
The researchers delimitate the study of psychoanalysis which is defined as a set of
psychological theories and therapeutic methods that have their origin in the work and theories of
Sigmund Freud. Aside from Freud, four particularly notable Neo-Freudian psychologists,
scientists, and philosophers have made meaningful additions to the psychoanalytic study of
personality. And these are Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Erik Erikson, and Josef Breuer.
In our study, Carl Gustav Jung stated the collective unconscious and the two-fundamental
means of modulating basic drives. Whereas Alfred Adler divulges individuals compensated for
the psychosocial deficiency by misrepresenting some other behavior and this method called

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hypertrophy. Adler also asserted family dynamics which signifies the development of personality
and the roles of children in their families.
Erik Erikson was an ego psychologist who explained one of the most popular and
prominent theories of development. While his hypothesis impacted by psychoanalyst Sigmund
Freud's work, Erikson's theory centered on psychosocial development rather than psychosexual
development. Erikson identified the eight stages of development, each of which represents a
conflict or developmental task. Lastly, Josef Breuer, an Austrian physician, and physiologist
acknowledged by Sigmund Freud and others as the principal forerunner of psychoanalysis.
Breuer concluded the neurotic symptoms result from unconscious processes and will disappear
when these processes become conscious. The case of Anna O. introduced Freud to the cathartic
method "the talking cure" that was pivotal in his later work.

VI. REFLECTION/ GENERALIZATION

Ma. Althea Cassandra Aranza
By doing this research report, I acquire a knowledge of what psychoanalysis is and who
proposed it. I took it solemnly because it could help me in my studies at the next school year
levels that I will take. I also learned that psychoanalysis is a credence that all people possess
unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories, which I immediately understood. The
Human Personality proposed by Sigmund Freud consists of Id, Ego, and Superego. And Id refers
to the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and
hidden memories. Concurrently, the Ego is the realistic part that mediates between the
inclinations of the id and the super-ego. And last, the Superego operates as a moral conscience.
Besides what Sigmund Freud proposed, I also understood the studies of Carl Jung, Erik Erikson,
Josef Breuer, and Alfred Adle, which are a great help to psychoanalysis because what they said
is additional knowledge for those who want to study psychology.

Kate Allyson Magbalot

In this study I learned that Psychoanalytical Theory originally proposed by Sigmund
Freud with the collaboration of Dr. Joseph Breuer have a big part for this society simply because
it will help us to gather more knowledge about psychoanalysis, to know the things that we don’t
know the explanation. Sigmund Freud kept up that the personality consists of three diverse

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components, the id the sense of self and the superego. The id is the viewpoint of personality
that’s driven by inner and fundamental drives and needs. These are ordinarily established, such
as starvation, thirst, and the drive for sex or libido. The id is additionally the unconscious and
stems from our instinctive abilities. The id acts in agreement with the delight guideline, in that it
maintains a strategic distance from tournament and looks for joy. Due to that establish quality of
the id, it is incautious and regularly unconscious of suggestion of activities. However, the ego is
driven by the reality guideline. The ego works to balance the id and superego by trying to
achieve the id’s drive within the most practical ways. It looks for to rationalize the id’s instinct
and please the drives that benefit the person within the long term. like for example someone
could believe they are the best-looking person in the world, however this is just an opinion they
have and not everyone will agree with that belief. The unconscious is the portion of the mind of
which a person is not aware. Freud said that it is the unconscious that exposes the true feelings,
emotions, and thoughts of the individual. There are a variety of psychoanalytic techniques used
to access and understand the unconscious, ranging from methods like hypnosis, free association,
and dream analysis. Dreams allow us to explore the unconscious; according to Freud, they are
"the 'royal road' to the unconscious". Dreams can provide access to the unconscious that is not
easily accessible. The ego balances the id, superego, and reality to maintain a healthy state of
consciousness. It thus reacts to protect the individual from any stressors and anxiety by distorting
reality. This prevents threatening unconscious thoughts and materials from entering the
consciousness. The different type of defense mechanics is; repression, reaction, formation,
denial, projection, displacement, sublimation, regression and rationalization. Some claim that the
theory is lacking in empirical data and too focused on pathology. Other criticisms are that the
theory lacks consideration of culture and its influence on personality. The Psychoanalytic theory
comes from Freud and is focused on childhood. This might be an issue since most believe
studying children can be inconclusive. The concern is if this will be a lifelong occurrence or if
the child will grow out of the personality. I am glad for that this been part on our study because I
learned so much for this, even though at first, I was curious, it will be helpful for an individual to
identify what is his/her concerns regarding to his mentality.

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Bea Rose Gweneth S. Peralta
I got to learn that judging each other and making a judgement without simultaneously
understanding whatever the other side’s personality might have been informing them to be doing,
according to their superego and ID, isn't really a clever decision. Although this psychoanalytic
theory of Sigmund Freud was unable under scientific investigation, it has shown that humans
really aren't completely in control of our behavior. The manner we were grown, our civilization,
our religious belief, the principles of our parents, the plenteous set of school or work as well as
the regulations of the home that we've been required to follow have an influence on what we're
doing. Of course, our desires and influential intentions, which are involved entirely with our
brief happiness, also make sense to the perseverance of our behavior. In other words, the reason
we behave is the overall negotiation of millions and millions of considerations that we are not
aware of. Freud described this as personal wants and ethical principles.

Daphnie Rose Tierra

My reflection on this topic is that I learned a lot from his theory, and also from him, he
was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a process for treating mental illness, and also a
philosophy that describes human behavior. He’s theory influenced me so much by how I make
decisions. Then proceeds into whether we could make good decisions that are not powered by
impulse. Then it goes about whether we can make wise choices that are not motivated by
instinct. Also, I learned that Freud’s theories make a lot of sense and it thought me about the
study of the unconscious mind, which together form a method of treatment for mental problems.
And also, that it can help us gain an in-depth understanding of the psychological roots that drive
our thoughts, it helps us by understanding our own behavior or exploring the desires hidden
under our unconsciousness which leads to life-altering, changes. And I think that Freud’s Idea is
very clear and thought-out. Because he simplifies the way we determine decisions based on our
identity, ego, and superego. Also, I learned that Freud was not the only one who is included in
this theory. Alfred Adler, Josef Breuer, Erik Erikson, and Carl Jung were the other influential
theorists, including some who introduced significant departures from Freudian theory or
technique. And lastly, I think this study can be very useful for people who deal with long-
standing problems, their relationships with others, and the environment. And That is all that I
have learned from this theory.

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Hyabella Kate Vasquez
I got to know more about psychoanalysis and that there are always a reason to why
someone is acting a certain way. That they might had o still having a hard time fighting their id,
ego and superego. Besides this, there are also the conscious, preconscious and unconscious. That
is why we should never judge someone that is a little bit different than the other without knowing
them truly. They might have failed fighting their inner selves and got stuck on the way. Also, the
reason why they say that early childhood experiences are a crucial factor in personality
development. This also helps the individual become less controlled by biological drives or
demands of the superego. That this psychoanalysis have a lot of theories and method on how
they do the procedures. Though, Freud's theories have been met with suspicion, partly because of
his particular focus on sexual identity as the major factor of personality trait growth and also
because he was not backed up with all the science study. And that causes people to not be sure
about his theories and procedures. The procedure can last for so many years so the purpose of
psychoanalytic therapy is often to restructure personality rather than reduce symptoms.

VII. REFERENCES
C.G. Jung, M.D., LL.D. (1913). The Theory of Psychoanalysis. Retrieved from https://www.pep-
web.org/document.php?id=psar.001.0001a

Duignan, Lotha, Rodriguez, & Rogers. (2014). Psychoanalysis. Britannica. Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/science/psychoanalysis/additional-info#history

Jay, Martin Evan. (2015). Psychoanalytic Theory. Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.
britannica.com /biography/Sigmund-Freud/Psychoanalytic-theory

J.D. Safran, E. Gardner-Schuster. (2016). Psychoanalytic Theory. Science Direct. Retrieved from
https://www. sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/psychoanalytic-theory

Josef Breuer. Good Therapy. Retrieved from https://www.goodtherapy.org/famous-

psychologists/josef-breuer.html

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Loewald, Hans W. (February 2017). Psychoanalytic Theory and the Psychoanalytic Process.
Taylor Francis Online. Retrived from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/
00797308.1970.11823275

Origins of Psychoanalysis. Retrieved from http://personal.kent.edu/~marmey/perssum03

/Chapter2-6.pdf

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality. Lumen Learning. Retrieved from https://courses.

lumenlearning.com/boundless-psychology/chapter/psychodynamic-perspectives-on-
personality/

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