Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VIII- Eastern Visayas
Division of Leyte
INOPACAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Inopacan, Leyte

Learning activity
sheets
in
Mathematics
Quarter 2
Laws of Exponents

Name: ______________________________
Section: _____________________________

7
 WELCOME my Grade 7 learners. Please take note of the general reminders
throughout the activity.
1. Use this activity sheet with care.
2. Answer the questions on the space provided for.
3. Let your parents/ guardians return this activity sheet on the agreed place once you
are done answering.
4. Always practice the minimum health protocols at all times.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
.

Learning Competency
After going through this module, you are expected to derive the laws of
exponents ( M7AL– II d–e -1). Specifically you will:

1. apply the laws of exponents to simplify the algebraic expressions;

2. identify what laws of exponent can be applied to simplify the
expressions;
3. relate the laws of exponents to solve real-life situations
 1
Explore:

Laws of Exponents

I know that exponent is not new to you, this time let us have a review on it to prepare you for this
lesson

What is an exponent?
An exponent is a small number written on the right side of a
coefficient. It tells how many times you multiply the coefficient by itself. It also
called Power or Indices.
When you come across the expression 3².Here, we say that 3 is the
base and 2 is the exponent, which means 3 times 3is equal to 9.
In algebra it is written as 32 = (3)(3) or
both ways are equal to 9
32 = (3∙3)
The expression x3 can be written in expanded form as:
(x) (x) (x) or (x∙x∙x).

32 can be read as: x3 can be read as:

 three squared  x cube
 three with the power of two  x with the power of 3
 three raise to the second power  x raise to the third power
 three raise to the power of two  x raise to the power of 3
 2

Learn:

Exponent tells the number of times a certain number must be

multiplied by itself.
On the previous activity you are ask to expand the exponential form of the
expression. Try to think of it, if you simplify expressions with hundreds and
thousands as an exponent like (x 1999y999)(x2290y1999), are you going to expand
them and undergo the long process by counting their exponents?It takes time,
right? That’s why the some of the greatest Mathematicians created laws of
exponents to simplify the expressions easily. It comes with five (5) rules.
Let’s study them all.

A. Product Rule
Simplify (23) (24)
Illustration Explanation Conclusion
(23)(24)= We expand the terms Complete the statement:
=(2∙2∙2)∙(2∙2∙2∙2) by applying the
definition of exponent. In multiplying
We group the expressions with the
= expanded terms into same base, _ the
(2∙2∙2∙2∙2∙2∙2) one. exponent and copy the
= We add all the base.

21+1+1+1+1+1+1 exponents of the base

= 27 or 128 2.
Therefore, (23) (24) = 23+4=7

In general, the above expressions can be expressed in a form of

am ∙ an = am + n for any real numbers a, and positive integers m and n. This
 means if we multiply expressions with the same base we simply add the
exponents and copy the base.

Below are examples in simplifying expressions.

Illustration Explanation
1. (x3) (x8) = x3 + 8 = 11 * The expressions contain one
variable x, applying the product
= x11 rule add the exponents directly and
Thus,(x3) (x8)= x11 copy the base x.
2. (a2 b3) (a5 b) = a2 + 5 b3 + 1 * The expressions contain two
variables (a and b), applying the
= a2 + 5 = 7 b3 + 1 = 4 product rule add the exponents of
= a7b4 a and add the exponents of b, and
copy the base (a and b).
Note: In a variable b the exponent is 1.
Thus, (a2 b3) (a5 b) = a7b4
3. (2x3 y4) (3x2y7)= (2)(3) x3+2 y4 + 7 *In the expression like this, multiply
the constants first. In that example
= 6 x3 + 2 = 5 y4 + 7=11
the constants are 2 and 3.
Constant = 6x5y11
* The expressions contain two

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 variables x and y, so add the
Thus, (2x3 y4) (3x2y7)= 6x5y11 exponents of x and exponents of y.

4. (4x5) (6x3) (x7) =(4)(6)(1)x5 + 3 + 7 * Multiply the constant of the

expressions. In that example
=(24)(1) x15
the constants are 4 , 6 and 1.
=24x15
* The expressions contain one
variable x, so add its exponents
and copy the base.
Thus, (4x5) (6x3) (x7)=24x15 Note: x7 has an invisible constant of 1.

Answer these to check if you really understand the discussion.

A. Practice Exercises!

Simplify the expressions below by applying the product rule. 1. (x4) (x6) =3. (3a8) (4a6)
(2a4) =
2. (4x6 y4) (3x2 y3) =
Congratulations! Now let’s proceed to the second law of exponent.
B. Quotient Rule
Study the process in simplifying the expressions below.
𝑥
Simplify: 4
𝑥3
Illustration Explanation Conclusion

𝑥4 𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥 We expand the terms by Complete the

= 𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥 applying the definition of
𝑥3 statement:
exponent.

𝑥4 𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥 In mathematics, if we have the In dividing

3
= same coefficient in both
𝑥 𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥 expressions with the
numerator and denominator we
𝑥4 can simply divide out the same base,
𝑥 3= 𝑥 coefficient one by one. the exponent and
Aside from diving out
the copy the base.
𝑥4
= 𝑥 4−3=1 coefficient one by one we can
𝑥3 easily subtract the exponent of
4
𝑥 the numerator by the exponent
=𝑥
𝑥3 of the denominator.
𝑥4
Therefore, = 𝑥 4−3=1
𝑥3

5
 In general, the above expressions can be expressed in a form
𝑎𝑚
𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛
𝑎
for all integers m and n when m>n and a ≠ 0 ,

and 𝑎𝑚 if n>m.
1
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛

It means when dividing two exponents with the same base, you copy the base and
subtract the powers. If the greater exponent is in the denominator, put the
difference in the denominator this will help avoid
negative exponents.

Below are examples in simplifying expressions.

Illustration Explanation
8
𝑦 1 1 1 The expression contains one variable
1. 𝑦 11
=
𝑦 11−8
=
𝑦 11−8 = 3
=
𝑦3 y. Applying the quotient rule, subtract
𝑦8 1 the exponents directly in the
Thus, = denominator and copy the base y.
𝑦 11 𝑦3
4 5 4−2 4−2 =1 2
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 The expression contains two
2. 𝑎 2𝑏 2
= 𝑏5−2 = 𝑏5−2=3
= 𝑏3 variables (a and b), applying the
quotient rule:
* Copy the variable a in the
numerator and subtract the
exponents since the greater power
of a is in numerator.
4 5𝑎 2 * Copy the variable b in the
Thus, 𝑎 𝑏 =
𝑎 2𝑏 2 𝑏3 denominator and subtract the
exponents since the greater power is
in denominator.
3
4𝑥 4= 2∙2 2 *In the expression like this, reduce
3. 6𝑥7 = =
6= 2∙3 3 into lowest term the constants by
dividing out its greatest common
4𝑥3 2 2 2 factor(GCF).
7
= 7−3
= 7−3=4
=
6𝑥 3𝑥 3𝑥 3 𝑥4 * Write the reduce term of the
constant and copy the variable x in
the denominator and subtract the
3 2 exponents since the greater power is
Thus, 4𝑥 7 = .
6𝑥 3 𝑥4 in denominator.

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 Answer these to check if you really understand the discussion.
B. Practice Exercises!
Simplify the expressions below by applying the quotient rule.
𝑎 12 3. 9 𝑧 7
1. 𝑎7 15 𝑧2

𝑥 6𝑦 5
2. 𝑥9 𝑦2

Nice try! Now let’s proceed to the third law of exponent

C. PowerRule
Study the process in simplifying the expressions below.
Simplify: (x2)3
Illustration Explanation Conclusion
Since the expression x2 is raise Complete the
(x2)3 = (x2) (x2) (x2) to another power of 3, we can statement:
expand the terms by applying
the definition of exponent. When the expression
(x2)3 = (x2) (x2) (x2) After expanding, we can apply contains one variable is

= x2 + 2 + 2 = 6 the product rule in multiplying raise to

= x6 expression with same base. anotherexponent or
(add the exponents directly and power, the
copy he base) exponent and copy the

(x2)3= x(2)(3)=6 Aside from expanding the base.

= x6 terms and applying the product
rule here, we can directly
multiply the exponents.
Therefore, (x2)3 = x(2)(3) = x6

In general,
(𝑎𝑚)𝑛 = 𝑎the
𝑚𝑛 above expressions can be expressed the in a form of l numbers a and

for all rea

band any positive integer,mandn.
It means to raise a power to a power, you just need to multiply the exponents
directly and copy the base.

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 Below are examples in simplifying expressions.
Illustration Explanation

1. (y5)4 = y(5)(4) = y20 Apply the power rule in simplifying the

Thus, (y5)4= y20 expressions, copy the base and

2. (z7)6 = z(7)(6) = z42 multiply the exponents.

Thus, (z7)6 = z42

Answer these to check if you really understand the discussion.

C. Practice Exercises!
Simplify the expressions below by applying the powerrule.
1. (a7)33. (c6)5
2. (b4)5

There are other rules that follow under the power rule those are: the Product-
to-Power Rule and the Quotient-to-Power Rule.
a. Product-to-Power Rule
It can be expressed in a form (𝑎 𝑚 𝑏 𝑛 )𝑝 = (𝑎 𝑚 )𝑝 (𝑏 𝑛 )𝑝 for all real
numbers a and b, and any positive integers m,n,and p. It means to raise
each factor inside the parentheses to the given exponent outside the
parentheses.
Below are examples in simplifying expressions.
Illustration Explanation
1. (x2y5)4 = (x2)4 (y5)4 Raise each factor inside the
= x(2)(4) y(5)(4) parentheses to the given exponent
= x8y20 outside the parentheses then apply
Thus, (x2y5)4= x8y20 the power rule.
2. (2a7)3 = (2)3 (a7)3
= 23 a(7)(3) Note: Since the constant is written in an
exponential form, rewrite it into expanded
= 2∙2∙2 a(7)(3) = 21
form like in the second example that 2 3is
= 8 a21
expanded into 2∙2∙2 for us to simplify the
Thus, (z7)6 = z42 constant/s easier.

8
 Answer the Practice Exercises to assess your understanding.
C-a.Practice Exercises!
Simplify the expressions below by applying the product-to-power rule.
1. (a7b3)33. (2y6)4
2. (3x4)2

b. Quotient-to-Power Rule
𝑎𝑚 ( )𝑝 = (𝑎𝑚 )𝑝
It can be expressed in a form 𝑏 𝑛
(𝑏𝑛 )𝑝 for all real numbers
of
a and b, and any positive integers m, n, and p. It means to raise each
factors in both numerator and denominator inside the parentheses to the
given exponent outside the parentheses.

Below are examples in simplifying expressions.

Illustration Explanation
𝑥 (𝑥 )
1. ( 2)4= 24
𝑦5 ( 𝑦 5) 4
(2)(4) Raise each factor in both numerator
𝑥
= 𝑦(5)(4)
and denominator inside the
8
𝑥 parentheses to the given exponent
= 𝑦20
outside the parentheses then apply
𝑥 4 𝑥
Thus, ( 2) = 8 the power rule.
𝑦5 𝑦20
2 3 2 3
2𝑥 (2) (𝑥 )
2.3𝑦(5 )3=(3)3(𝑦5)3
3 (2)(3)
2𝑥
=33𝑦(5)(3)
(2)(3) Note: Since the constant is written in an
2∙2∙2 𝑥
= 3∙3∙3 𝑦(5)(3) exponential form, rewrite it into expanded
6
form like in the second example that 23is
8𝑥
= 27 𝑦15 expanded into 2∙2∙2 for us to simplify the
2𝑥 2 8 𝑥6 constant/s easier.
Thus, ( )3=
3𝑦5 27 𝑦15

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 Answer the Practice Exercises to assess your understanding.
C-b.Practice Exercises!
Simplify the expressions below applying the quotient-to-power rule.
7
1.(𝑎 )4𝑏5 3. ( 𝑥25)2
(5𝑎 𝑏4 5)2
2. 3𝑐3

Good job! Now let’s continue discussing the fourth law of exponent.

D. Negative Exponent Rule

Study the process in simplifying the expressions below.

Simplify: 𝑥−2
Illustration Explanation Conclusion
3
Let: 𝑥−2 = 𝑥 We assign a value that if we Complete the
𝑥5
subtract the exponent of the statement:
numerator by the denominator
the result is -2 such “3 – 5= -2”. When the expression

𝑥3 𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥 By the definition of exponents, contains negative

= 𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥 exponent it can be
𝑥5 expand the expression 𝑥3 .
𝑥5
written as in its
𝑥3 𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥 In mathematics, if we have the _ form and
= 𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥 same coefficientboth thein
𝑥5 exponent
numerator and denominator we becomes positive.
𝑥3 1 can divide out the coefficient
= 𝑥∙𝑥
𝑥5 one by one.

𝑥3 1 By applying the product rule, the

=
𝑥5 𝑥2 denominator becomes x2.

1
Therefore, 𝑥 −2 =
𝑥2

10
In general, the above expressions can be expressed the in a form of

𝑥−𝑛 = 1
for𝑥𝑛any integers n. This means when the expressions contain negative exponent, it can
be written in its reciprocal form and the exponent becomes positive. It can also be
simplify in this way, when the expression with negative exponent is in numerator
transfer the expression to the denominator and the exponent becomes positive. Also,
the expression with negative exponent is in the denominator transfer the expression to
the numerator and
the exponent becomes positive.

Below are examples in simplifying expressions.

Illustration Explanation
1
1. 2𝑎−3 = (2) The expression contains negative exponent, so
𝑎3
by applying the negative rule rewrite the
(2)(1) expression into its reciprocal and the exponent
2 2𝑎 −3 = 𝑎3 becomes positive then multiply it to 2.
2
Thus, 2𝑎−3 =
𝑎3
𝑥4 𝑥 4𝑦 5
2. = = 𝑥 4𝑦 5 Apply the shortest way of simplifying the
𝑦−5 1 expressions with negative exponents. Transfer
the expression with the negative exponent of the
denominator to the numerator and the exponent
becomes positive.
−7 𝑏3
3. 𝑎
= Transfer the expression 𝑎−7 to the denominator
𝑏−3 𝑎7 and the expression 𝑏−3 to the numerator and the
exponents become positive.

Answer the Practice Exercises to assess your understanding.

D. Practice Exercises!
Simplify the expressions below by applying thenegative rule.
1. a-7 3. 2y6z-3
2. 3a-4

Well done! Now let us move on to the last law of exponents.

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 E. Zero Exponent Rule

Simplify: 𝑥0. Study the process in simplifying the expression below.

Illustration Explanation Conclusion
3
Let: 𝑥 0 = 𝑥 We assign a value that if we subtract
𝑥3
the exponents the result is 0 such
3−3
= 𝑥
that“3 – 3= 0”. Complete the
𝑥0
=
3 statement on the
𝑥 𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥 By the definition of exponents, expand
3
= next page:
𝑥 𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥 3
the expression 𝑥 .
𝑥3

𝑥3 𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥 In mathematics, if we the same Any expressions if

=
coefficient in both numerator and raised to a power of
3
𝑥 𝑥∙𝑥∙𝑥

denominator we can divide out the zero, the result is

3
𝑥 1 equal to _.
coefficient one by one.
= =1
𝑥3 1

Therefore, 𝑥 0 = 1

In general, the expressions can be expressed in a form of 𝑎0 = 1

for any nonzero number a. This means that any expressions when raise to
zero power is always equal to 1.

Below are examples in simplifying expressions.

Illustration Explanation
1. (5𝑥 3𝑦)0 = 1 The whole expression is raise to a power of
zero, so the result is 1.

2. 8𝑎5 𝑏 0 = 8𝑎5 (1) In the expression, only 𝑏 is raise to the power

of zero, so the final answer is 8𝑎5.
= 8𝑎5

3. [ (5𝑥 3𝑦 6)4 ]0 = 1 The whole expression[ (5𝑥3𝑦6)4] is raise to

the power of zero, so it is equal to 1.

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 Answer the Practice Exercises to assess your understanding.
E. Practice Exercises!
Simplify the expressions below by applying the zerorule.
1. (a7b3)03. [(2y6)4]0
2. 3x4y0

Exponents in Real Life

Ana wants to cover a portion of the wall of her room with wallpaper. If
each side measures 5 meters (m), how many square meters of wall paper are
needed?
Hint: Use the formula: A = s2
Step 1: Identify what is asked in the problem.
How many square meters of wall paper are needed?
Step 2: Read the problem and write the given.
Measure of each side = 5 meters
Step 3: Solve using the formula

How To Do It Illustration
 Use the Area formula of a  A = s2
square to solve it.
 Substitute the value of the  A = (5meters)2
square to the formula.
 Expand the term by the  A = (5meters)(5meters)
definition of exponent.
 Simplify the expressions.  A = 25 meters2

Step 4: Write a conclusion.

How do you feel right now after knowing and understanding the laws of
exponents? It’s quite fulfilling right? This time, answer another activity that I
prepared for you.

Therefore, Ana needs 25 square meters to cover the portion

Engage:

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Activity 3: Modified TRUE or FALSE

Let’s Find Out:What is the Appropriate Word/s?

Let’s Use These Materials: pen, pencil, and Math notebook
Let’s Do It This Way:
1. Read and analyze each item carefully.
2. Write TRUE, if the underlined word is correct. If the statement is wrong,
REPLACE the underlined word to make the statement correct.
3. Select the word/s in the word pool below.
4. Write your answer in your Mathematics notebook.

Exponent Divide
Add One
Negative Subtract

1.Polynomial refers to an expression that tells the number of times

a certain number must be multiplied by itself.
2.When the expression is raised to a power of zero (0), the
simplified form is equal to zero.
3.When the negative exponent is in the denominator, transfer the
expression to numerator and the exponent becomes positive.
4.Quotient rule states that, in dividing the exponents with the same
base, copy the base and add the exponents.
5.The product rule states that in multiplying two or more
expressions with the same base, copy the base and add the
exponents.

Apply:

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MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions:Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the result when you simplify (2xy3 )0 (3xy)?

A. 0 B. 1 C. 3xy D.6x2y4
2. What is the simplest form of (3xy3)2?
A. 6x2y5
C. 9x2y6
B. 6x2y6
D. 9x2y5
𝑥 𝑦
3. Find the result when you simplify 2 2
𝑦2 .
𝑥
A. 𝑦 C. 𝑥2
𝑦 𝑦
B.
𝑥 D. x2
4. Which of the following expressions is correct?
A. (3x3y)2 = 6x5y2
C. (3x3y)2 = 9x6y2
3 2 5 3
B. (3x y) = 9x y
D. (3x3y)2 = 6x6y3
5. What is the simplest form of (2a3b2)0 (3a2)2?
A. 0 B. 1 C. 6a4 D. 9a4
6. The expressions with negative exponent can be written in its reciprocal form
and the exponent becomes _ .
A. negative C. undefined
B. positive D. zero
7. The power rule states that, to raise a power to a power _ _
the exponents.
A. add C. multiply
B. divide D. subtract
8. Simplify: x-3y-2z
𝑧 𝑧
A. C.
𝑥 3−𝑦 2 𝑥3𝑦2
1 1
B. D.
𝑥 3𝑦 2𝑧 𝑥 3 −𝑦 2 𝑧

9. What rule of exponent can be applied in simplifying this (𝑥𝑦2)2?

2𝑧4

A. Product rule C. Quotient rule

B. Power rule D. Zero rule
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10. Which of the following expressions is equal to -1?
3𝑚 𝑥3
A.
3𝑚 C. 3
3𝑥2 −𝑥
B. −2𝑥2
3𝑥 D.

16