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Logical Connectors: Purpose, Iii) Adversative (Opposition And/or Unexpected Result)

This document discusses logical connectors, which are words used to connect two ideas that have a particular relationship. It divides logical connectors into four categories: sequential (time), causal (reason and purpose), adversative (unexpected result, contrast, opposition), and condition. For each category, it provides examples of subordinating conjunctions, prepositions, conjunctive adverbs/transitions, and conjunctions that can be used to connect ideas in that logical relationship.

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224 views6 pages

Logical Connectors: Purpose, Iii) Adversative (Opposition And/or Unexpected Result)

This document discusses logical connectors, which are words used to connect two ideas that have a particular relationship. It divides logical connectors into four categories: sequential (time), causal (reason and purpose), adversative (unexpected result, contrast, opposition), and condition. For each category, it provides examples of subordinating conjunctions, prepositions, conjunctive adverbs/transitions, and conjunctions that can be used to connect ideas in that logical relationship.

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lim
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https://staff.washington.edu/marynell/grammar/logicalconnectors.

html

LOGICAL CONNECTORS
Logical connectors are used to join or connect two ideas that have a particular
relationship. These relationships can be: i) sequential (time), ii) reason and
purpose, iii) adversative (opposition and/or unexpected result),
iv) condition.

 Within each category, the words used to join the ideas or clauses are used differently, with different
grammar and punctuation.

Subordinating Introduce adverb clauses


conjunctions
Either the dependent clause or the independent clause
may come first in the sentence, with no change in
meaning

ex: Before he came, we didn't have a physical


education teacher.

We didn't have a physical education teacher before he


came.

 
Prepositions Is followed by a noun or noun phrase

Either clause may appear first

ex: He didn't come to class due to his illness.

 
Transitions and Joins two sentences separated by a period or two
Conjunctive adverbs clauses separated by a semi-colon.

Only one possible order of the sentences

The transition may appear clause initial, clause final, or


between the subject and verb of the second sentence.

ex: He was sick. Nevertheless, he came to class.

 
https://staff.washington.edu/marynell/grammar/logicalconnectors.html

Conjunctions One possible order

A comma is used before the conjunction

In academic writing, do not begin a sentence with a


conjunction

ex: He didn't do his homework, so he didn't pass the


exam.

i) Sequential (Time)

 Subordinating until
conjunctions
after

before

when

while

since

once

whenever

as soon as

as long as

by the time
Prepositions during

after

before

since
https://staff.washington.edu/marynell/grammar/logicalconnectors.html

until

upon
Conjunctive adverbs then
and transitions
next

after that

following that

before that

afterwards

meanwhile

beforehand
Conjunctions and then

ii) Causal (Reason and Purpose, Cause and Effect)

Subordinating because
conjunctions
as

since

in as much as

now that

as long as

such...that
https://staff.washington.edu/marynell/grammar/logicalconnectors.html

[such a/an + adjective + noun + that]

so...that

[so +adjective or adverb + that]

[so much/many/little/few + noun + that]

expressing purpose

so that

in order that

 
Prepositions because of

due to

in order to

 
Conjunctive adverbs therefore
and transitions
consequently
Conjunctions so
 

 
https://staff.washington.edu/marynell/grammar/logicalconnectors.html

iii) Adversative (unexpected result, contrast, opposition)

Subordinating even though


conjunctions
although

though

(in spite of the fact that)

while

whereas

where
Prepositions despite

in spite of

 
Conjunctive adverbs however
and transitions
nonetheless

nevertheless

on the other hand

in contrast

on the contrary

 
https://staff.washington.edu/marynell/grammar/logicalconnectors.html

Conjunctions but...anyway

but...still

yet...still

but

iv) Condition

 Subordinating if
conjunctions
unless

even if

providing (that)

provided (that)

in case

whether or not

only if*

 *verb inversion, no comma if only if appears first in the


sentence

 
Prepositions  
Conjunctive adverbs otherwise
and transitions
Conjunctions or (else)

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