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Migration NOTES GEOGRAPHY

Human migration refers to the movement of people from one geographic location to another, either permanently or temporarily. There are two main types of migration: voluntary migration, which is based on one's free will, and forced migration, which is imposed by authority or natural disasters. Key terms include immigrants, who enter a country to live there, and emigrants, who leave one country to live in another. Two of the largest forced migrations in history were the Atlantic slave trade, which moved 12-30 million people from Africa to the Americas, and the transport of thousands of British convicts to Australia from 1788 to 1838. Political migrants include internally displaced persons (IDPs) who remain within their home country, refugees who flee to another country

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861 views2 pages

Migration NOTES GEOGRAPHY

Human migration refers to the movement of people from one geographic location to another, either permanently or temporarily. There are two main types of migration: voluntary migration, which is based on one's free will, and forced migration, which is imposed by authority or natural disasters. Key terms include immigrants, who enter a country to live there, and emigrants, who leave one country to live in another. Two of the largest forced migrations in history were the Atlantic slave trade, which moved 12-30 million people from Africa to the Americas, and the transport of thousands of British convicts to Australia from 1788 to 1838. Political migrants include internally displaced persons (IDPs) who remain within their home country, refugees who flee to another country

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henry bhone
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Human Migration - the movement of people from one place to another with the intentions of

settling, permanently or temporarily at a new location (geographic region)

Type of Migration

Voluntary Migration - based on one’s free will and initiative. People move for a variety of
reasons, and it involves weighing options and choices

Forced Migration - Imposition of power of authority or natural disasters, producing involuntary


migration movements

Terms of Migration

Immigrant - A person who is entering another country with the intention of living there

Emigrant - A person who is leaving one country with the intention of living in a different country

History’s Largest Forced Migration

The Atlantic Slave Trade - It is estimated that between 12-30 million people were forced from
Africa to the Americas. (Only 500,000 made it to the United States.)

1788-1838 British Convicts to Australia - thousands from Great Britain to the colony of Australia.

Political Migrants:

Internally Displaced Person (IDP)


A person who is forced out of the home region because of war, political or social unrest,
environmental problems, etc. but does not cross any international boundaries.

Refugee - A person who is residing outside of his or her country of origin because of fear of
persecution because of religion, ethnicity, race, or political ideology

Asylum Seekers - Someone who has migrated to another country in hope of being recognized
as a refugee

Where do people move?

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration:

Distance of Migrants
● Most relocate short distance and remain within the same country
● Long-distance to other countries head for major centers of economic activities (Urban
Area)
● Occurs in steps
● Occurs from rural to urban areas
Reasons for Migrating

● Most people migrate for economic reasons.


● Political and environment can also encourage people to move
● Social (How people interact: ethnic and racial tensions, religious intolerance or family
connections

Characteristics of migrants

● Most migrants are males


● Most international migrants are young males, while more internal migrants are female.

Types of Migration

Chain Migration - Move to a location other family members moved to or where a connection
exists.

Step Migration - Series of small moves to reach the final destination.

Reluctant - Less than fully voluntary


Example: Aggressive governmental relocation campaigns (Indonesia)

Seasonal or Short term - Occurs when a person moves to another country for a period of at
least 3 months but less than a year.

Other Forms of Migration

Human Capital Theory - Educated workers often migrate from poor countries to wealthy
countries seeking better-paying jobs. (Both countries gain, the capital-rich country gains
talented labor and the labor-rich country gains financial benefit in remittances.) * Also known to
cause a brain drain in the labor-rich countries.

Life Course Theory - States that the interaction of life-course events (getting married, having a
child, becoming divorced) with migration has important repercussions on a society

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