UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

Course Code : GEEL 1

Course Title : LIVING IN THE IT ERA

MIDTERM PERIODIC COVERAGE

MODULE No. 07
TITLE: WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
INTRODUCTION Many people think that the internet and the world wide web
are the same thing. While they are closely linked, they are
very different systems.

The internet is a huge network of computers all connected

together. The world wide web (‘www’ or ‘web’ for short) is
a collection of webpages found on this network of
computers. Your web browser uses the internet to access the
web.
LEARNING  Demonstrate a fundamental knowledge of the World Wide
OUTCOMES Web.

LEARNING 1. Describe the important features of the Web and Web

OBJECTIVES browser software.
2. Use search engines and directories effectively.
3. Find, evaluate, and use online information resources.

Discussion/Situational analysis/Content Etc.:

What is World Wide Web?

 The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a way of accessing information

over the medium of the Internet. It is an information-sharing model
that is built on top of the Internet. The Web uses the HTTP protocol,
only one of the languages spoken over the Internet, to transmit data.
Web services, which use HTTP to allow applications to communicate in
order to exchange business logic, use the Web to share information. The
Web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet Explorer or Firefox, to
access Web documents called Web pages that are linked to each other via
hyperlinks. Web documents also contain graphics, sounds, text and
video.
 The World Wide Web was created in 1989 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, working
at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva,
Switzerland and released in 1992.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

 Tim suggested three main technologies that meant all computers could
understand each other (HTML, URL and HTTP). All of these remain in use
today.
 He also made the world’s first web browser and web server. You can
still see pages from the first web server online.

The World Wide Web Consortium

The World Wide Web Consortium (shortened to W3C) is the organization that is
responsible for setting standards for the world wide web. By following the
W3C standards, web designers can ensure that their webpages display correctly
on any browser. This also helps computers to do more useful work over the
world wide web.

Why is the web so important?

The world wide web opened up the internet to everyone, not just scientists.

It connected the world in a way that was not possible before and made it much
easier for people to get information, share and communicate.

It allowed people to share their work and thoughts through social networking
sites, blogs and video sharing.

Evolution of the World Wide Web

The web has changed a lot since it was first created.

The first websites were made up of simple pages of just words and pictures, a
bit like online books or magazines. Most people couldn’t create their own
webpages. Back then, to make a webpage you had to write HTML code by hand.

Web 2.0
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

As the web began to develop, people started communicating and sharing more.
They used social network sites and blogs. It became much easier to create
your own content on the web and to share it. This new type of web became
known as Web 2.0.

Although the way people use the web has changed, the technologies haven’t.
Many of the technologies that ran the first webpages are still in use today.

The Modern Web

The web is still changing today. Search engines have become better at
reading, understanding and processing information. They have found clever
ways to find the content we want and can even show us other things that might
interest us.

Web Addresses and the Address Bar

Each webpage on the internet has its very own address called a uniform
resource locator (URL), which indicates to the internet exactly what page you
want to see on a website. When you type a URL in the address bar of the web
browser and press ENTER, the browser will take you to that specific page.

Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)

 The uniform resource locator (URL) is the unique identifier of a web

page.
 The location window displays the URL of the current page.
 You can go directly to a web page if you know its URL: click once in
the location window and type it in.

A URL looks something like this:

http:// www.wow.net /www/www-intro.php3

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7GuJelfWaY

Let's take a closer look at this address:

 http:// indicates that we want to browse the web using the HTTP
protocol, the default protocol for browsing the Web. There are other
protocols for other uses of the Internet.
 www.wow.net corresponds to the address of the server that hosts the web
pages. By convention, web servers have a name that begins with WWW, to
make it clear that they are dedicated web servers and to make
memorizing the address easier.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

 /www/www-intro.php3 indicates where the document is located on the

machine.

Structure of an URL

The following is an outline of the most common form of a URL:

http://www.address.edu:1234/path/subdir/file.ext
| | | | |
|service | | | |
|____ host ______| | |
| | |
|port| |
| file and |
|_ resource details _|

Some common extensions are:

 .com (commercial)
 .edu (educational institution)
 .gov (government)
 .mil (military)
 .net (network)
 .org (organization)

You might also see foreign addresses that add a country code as the last
several digits of the address, such as:

 .au (Australia)
 .ca (Canada)
 .fr (France)
 .it (Italy)
 .us (United States of America)

Browsing and Searching

A browser is an application designed specifically to access and display

webpages, including the webpage's content such as text, images and videos.

Examples of Web Browsers

The five most popular web browsers are:

 Google Chrome
 Mozilla Firefox
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

 Microsoft internet Explorer

 Microsoft Edge
 Apple Safari

Browsing the Web

 A web page is a document on the World Wide Web.

 A web browser is the computer program you use to retrieve and view web
pages.
 The most popular browsers are Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape
Navigator.

How to browse the Internet

For the most part, there are three ways to browse:

1. If you know the address of the site you wish to visit, all you need to
do is type the address into the browser's address bar and approve it by
pressing the Enter key or by clicking on the browser's "go" or "enter"
button.
2. If you are looking for information without knowing beforehand which
site you might find it on, you will need to use a search engine, which
lets you find information you are searching for with the help of
keywords.
3. If you wish to surf the Internet without any real goal in mind, all you
need to do is start from a Web page and follow links as you browse.

Browsing vs. Searching

Browsing

Exploration of the World Wide Web by following one interesting link to

another, usually with a definite objective but without a planned search
strategy. In comparison 'surfing' is exploration without a definite objective
or search strategy, and 'searching' is exploration definite in both objective
and strategy.

Searching

Exploration of the World Wide Web by following one interesting link to

another, usually with a definite objective and a planned search strategy. In
comparison surfing is exploration definite in objective but not in strategy,
and browsing is exploration without a definite objective or search strategy.

Serving the Web

 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

 Web pages are stored in computers called web servers.

 Any organization can setup a web server.
 A web site is a collection of web pages.
 The starting point for a web site sometimes is called a home page.

Hyperlinks

 Hyperlinks typically appear as highlighted (underlined and colored)

phrases.
 Your mouse cursor will turn to a "pointing finger" when you've found a
hyperlink.
 Click once to follow a hyperlink.
 Graphics can be hyperlinks.

Web Site

A site or area on the World Wide Web that is accessed by its own Internet
address is called a Web site. A Web site can be a collection of related Web
pages. Each Web site contains a home page and may also contain additional
pages. Each Web site is owned and updated by an individual, company, or
organization. Because the Web is a dynamically moving and changing entity,
many Web sites change on a daily or even hourly basis.

Home Page

The term home page has a couple of meanings. It is the Web page that your
browser uses when it starts, and also the Web page that appears every time
you open your browser. Clicking the home page icon on your browser screen
will take you to the specific page you have set as your browser's home page.

Home page also refers to the main Web page out of a collection of Web pages.
On each site, often you will see home page as a choice on a Menu Bar.
Clicking on the word Home on a Web page will take you to the home or main
page of that particular Web site.

Search Engine

A search engine (sometimes called a Searchbot) is a tool (using both hardware

and software) which indexes Web pages so that they can be retrieved by
entering keywords into a search form.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

Searching: you may want to search the internet for specific answers or try to
find new, interesting websites to explore. To do this, you can use a search
engine to find the information you are looking for.

Two popular search engines are:

 Google (www.google.com)
 Microsoft Bing (www.bing.com)

Google is the most popular, powerful and easy-to-use search engine of the
two. In fact, Google’s search engine has become so well known that ‘to Google
something’ has become a verb that means to search for something. In future,
if someone asks you a question that you do not know the answer to, you can
tell them to just ‘Google it’.

Google is the most popular search engine in the world

Microsoft’s Bing search engine is also a very popular English search engine
and this is all thanks to its integration with Microsoft Windows.

In order to search for information on the internet, enter the search engine’s
address in your address bar. Once the search engine loads, there will be a
space on the page for you to enter your search criteria. For example, if you
want to find a website to teach you how to play the guitar, you may search
for the phrase ‘learn to play guitar’ and press Enter.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

Search results for the phrase ‘learn to play guitar’

How a search engine works

Robots (a kind of software) called spiders go around the Web, indexing its
content in vast databases so that they can be queried.

Since no search engine can reach all pages in one day (the whole process
generally takes several weeks), each engine adopts its own strategy, with
some going so far as to calculate how frequently certain sites are updated.

Using a search engine

When the search engine's user fills out the form, he or she picks the words
to be searched (and sometimes those not to be searched), with the help of
Boolean operators like "and," "or," and "not" (symbolized by +, -, etc.). The
request is sent to the search engine, which checks its databases for each of
these words, then refines the search by removing the pages which don't fit
the criteria.

Search Techniques

Search engines search through billions of webpages stored on hundreds of

millions of websites to information matching your search. Most search engines
try to place the best options near the top of the search results, with the
results becoming worse as you move to the second and third pages.

Since the first search results are usually the best, if you do not find what
you are looking for on the first page or two of the results, you should try a
different search phrase or try to use an advanced search technique.

The table below highlights a few of the most useful search techniques.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

These techniques can be very useful. However, thanks to improvements in

search engines, you should generally find the information you are looking for
without requiring any additional techniques. When you find a website that you
would like to use again in the future, you can bookmark the URL. This will
place it on a favorites list in the web browser for easy access in the
future. In Google Chrome and Edge you simply click on the star shape to the
right of the URL in the address bar to create a bookmark.

Web Crawler

A web crawler is a relatively simple, automated program, or script that

methodically scans or "crawls" through Internet pages to create an index of
the data it's looking for. Alternative names for a web crawler include web
spider, web robot, bot, crawler and automatic indexer.

A web crawler can be used for many purposes. Probably the most common use
associated with the term is related to search engines. Search engines use web
crawlers to collect information about what is out there on public web pages.
Their primary purpose is to collect data so that when Internet surfers enter
a search term on their site, they can quickly provide the surfer with
relevant web sites.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

Web crawling is an important method for collecting data on, and keeping up
with the rapidly expanding, Internet. A vast amount of web pages are
continually being added every day and information is constantly changing. A
web crawler is a way for the search engines and other users to regularly
ensure that their databases are up to date.

Bookmarks

While surfing the Web, you'll often come across an interesting website or
page and want to record its address so that you can return to it later. This
is what bookmarks (sometimes called favorites) are used for.

Downloading and Uploading

Uploading means data is being sent from your computer to the Internet.

 Examples of uploading include sending email, posting photos on a social

media site and using your webcam. Even clicking on a link on a web page
sends a tiny data upload.

Downloading means your computer is receiving data from the Internet.

 Examples of downloading include opening a web page, receiving email,

purchasing music files and watching online videos.

Glossary:

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language). The publishing format for the web. It
includes the ability to format documents and link to other documents and
resources.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator). The URL is a kind of 'address' that is unique
to each resource on the web. It could be the address of a webpage or an image
file.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol). Allows HTML documents to be requested and

transmitted between browsers and web servers via the internet.

Web server. A computer where files are stored which can be accessed via the
internet using HTTP.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

Reference/s:

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/internet.html
https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Wide-Web
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zkcqn39/articles/z2nbgk7
https://intl.siyavula.com/read/it/grade-10-it/the-internet-and-the-world-
wide-web/08-the-internet-and-the-world-wide-web
https://support.bell.ca/internet/usage/what-do-uploading-and-downloading-

Prepared by:

IT INSTRUCTORS