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Real Life Application Examples On Set Theory Equivalence Relation Partition Function Properties of Integers Modular Arithmetic

The document provides 5 examples of word problems involving concepts from set theory such as unions, intersections, complements and Venn diagrams. The problems involve determining the number of elements that are members of given sets under certain conditions. They are solved by defining the relevant sets, determining set relationships using properties of sets, and deriving the required results using set formulas and algebraic manipulations. References for additional examples on sets are also provided.

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christopher palacio
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554 views7 pages

Real Life Application Examples On Set Theory Equivalence Relation Partition Function Properties of Integers Modular Arithmetic

The document provides 5 examples of word problems involving concepts from set theory such as unions, intersections, complements and Venn diagrams. The problems involve determining the number of elements that are members of given sets under certain conditions. They are solved by defining the relevant sets, determining set relationships using properties of sets, and deriving the required results using set formulas and algebraic manipulations. References for additional examples on sets are also provided.

Uploaded by

christopher palacio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Real Life Application Examples

on

Set theory
Equivalence Relation
Partition
Function
Properties of Integers
Modular Arithmetic

Group 1
Crescilla Pengson
Ederly Balondo
Japer Clark Abella
Jhenny Vie Calupas
John Christopher Palacio
Babyjane Tolentino
Princess Nina Saguirre
Richmond Villanueva
Ma. Victorina Ello
Set Theory

1. In a group of 60 people, 27 like cold drinks and 42 like hot drinks and each
person likes at least one of the two drinks. How many like both coffee and tea? 

Solution: 

Let A = Set of people who like cold drinks. 

     B = Set of people who like hot drinks. 

Given 

(A ∪ B) = 60            n(A) = 27       n(B) = 42

then;

n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∪ B) 

            = 27 + 42 - 60 

            = 69 - 60 = 9 

            = 9 

Therefore, 9 people like both tea and coffee. 


2. There are 35 students in art class and 57 students in dance class. Find the
number of students who are either in art class or in dance class.

• When two classes meet at different hours and 12 students are enrolled in
both activities. 

• When two classes meet at the same hour. 

Solution: 

n(A) = 35,       n(B) = 57,       n(A ∩ B) = 12 

(Let A be the set of students in art class. 


B be the set of students in dance class.) 

(i) When 2 classes meet at different hours

n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B) 

            = 35 + 57 - 12 

            = 92 - 12 

            = 80 

(ii) When two classes meet at the same hour,

A∩B = ∅ n (A ∪ B)

= n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B) 

        = n(A) + n(B) 

        = 35 + 57 

     = 92
3. In a group of 100 persons, 72 people can speak English and 43 can speak
French. How many can speak English only? How many can speak French only
and how many can speak both English and French?

Solution:

Let A be the set of people who speak English.

B be the set of people who speak French.

A - B be the set of people who speak English and not French.

B - A be the set of people who speak French and not English.

A ∩ B be the set of people who speak both French and English.

Given,

n(A) = 72       n(B) = 43       n(A ∪ B) = 100

Now, n(A ∩ B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∪ B)

                     = 72 + 43 - 100

                     = 115 - 100

                     = 15

Therefore, Number of persons who speak both French and English = 15

n(A) = n(A - B) + n(A ∩ B) ⇒ n(A - B) = n(A) - n(A ∩ B)

                = 72 - 15

                = 57

and n(B - A) = n(B) - n(A ∩ B)

                   = 43 - 15

                   = 28

Therefore, Number of people speaking English only = 57

Number of people speaking French only = 28


4. In a competition, a school awarded medals in different categories. 36 medals
in dance, 12 medals in dramatics and 18 medals in music. If these medals went
to a total of 45 persons and only 4 persons got medals in all the three
categories, how many received medals in exactly two of these categories?

Solution:

Let A = set of persons who got medals in dance.

B = set of persons who got medals in dramatics.

C = set of persons who got medals in music.

Given,

n(A) = 36                              n(B) = 12       n(C) = 18

n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 45       n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 4

We know that number of elements belonging to exactly two of the three sets A,
B, C

= n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ C) - 3n(A ∩ B ∩ C)

= n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ C) - 3 × 4       ……..(i)

n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) - n(A ∩ B) - n(B ∩ C) - n(A ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩


C)

Therefore, n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩


C) - n(A ∪ B ∪ C)

From (i) required number

= n(A) + n(B) + n(C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) - n(A ∪ B ∪ C) - 12

= 36 + 12 + 18 + 4 - 45 - 12

= 70 - 57

= 13
5. Each student in a class of 40 plays at least one indoor game chess, carrom
and scrabble. 18 play chess, 20 play scrabble and 27 play carrom. 7 play chess
and scrabble, 12 play scrabble and carrom and 4 play chess, carrom and
scrabble. Find the number of students who play (i) chess and carrom. (ii) chess,
carrom but not scrabble.

Solution:

Let A be the set of students who play chess

B be the set of students who play scrabble

C be the set of students who play carrom

Therefore, We are given n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = 40,

n(A) = 18,         n(B) = 20         n(C) = 27,

n(A ∩ B) = 7,     n(C ∩ B) = 12    n(A ∩ B ∩ C) = 4

We have

n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) - n(A ∩ B) - n(B ∩ C) - n(C ∩ A) + n(A ∩ B ∩


C)

Therefore, 40 = 18 + 20 + 27 - 7 - 12 - n(C ∩ A) + 4

40 = 69 – 19 - n(C ∩ A)

40 = 50 - n(C ∩ A) n(C ∩ A) = 50 - 40

n(C ∩ A) = 10

Therefore, Number of students who play chess and carrom are 10.

Also, number of students who play chess, carrom and not scrabble.

= n(C ∩ A) - n(A ∩ B ∩ C)

= 10 – 4

=6
References:

https://www.math-only-math.com/word-problems-on-sets.html?
fbclid=IwAR3dV7UmjmdUbDbV2xzXuh7BCPeFydUfUpJ1DET73bDvMAtgpHG0i8J3
nKA

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