Power Generation Process

Training
Report
RPSCL
Name - Indra Kumar

College – SANT
LONGOWAL
INSTITUTE OF
INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
AND
ENGINEERING
SUMMER
TRAINING
2021
Power Generation Process
Thermal power generation consists of using steam power created by
burning coal , liquid natural gas (LNG), oil and other substances to
rotate generators and create electricity.
This type of generation plays a central role in supplying power

because it can flexibly respond to the various ways in which power is
used (demand fluctuations) as output grows larger.
Central Role of Thermal Power Generation

in Supplying Power
The majority of electricity in India is provided by use of thermal
power generation. The adjustment of the amount of electricity
provided to meet demand fluctuations is mainly performed by thermal
power generation.
Thermal power stations use a wide variety of fuels to create electricity

based on the ability to procure them stably and economically as well
as from an environmental perspective.
Basic Principle of Generation of Electric

Power-
The basic principle of generating power is that the burning of fuels
such as oil, coal and LNG (liquefied natural gas) fires a boiler to
generate high-temperature, high-pressure steam. This steam is used to
drive a steam turbine. A generator attached to the steam turbine
generates electricity.
General Layout of Thermal Power Plant
There are many parts by which we make a power plant and after that
passing by the process of generation of electricity .
 Coal:- Coal is fundamental part of Rosa Thermal Power Plant.

It is use as burning fuel in RPSCL. Coal is a combustible black
or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock
strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable
amounts of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen,
and nitrogen. Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays
into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of
deep burial over millions of years.
 Coal Handling Plant:- The coal in RPSCL is brought in

by the rails. There are four rails in RPSCL for the transportation
of the coal throughout the plant. The approximate consumption
of the coal in RPSCL is about 18,000 tons per day. The coal
used at RPSCL is sub-bituminous. This can be done using by
two systems of transport i.e. BOBR and BOXN. To unload this
coal we have two techniques- 1. Wagon Trippler, 2. Track
Hopper . After that coal has been sent via conveyer belt to
crusher. In it coal has been crushed .
 DM PLANT:- The main problem in High Pressure boiler is
to control corrosion and steam quality. Internal corrosion costs
power stations crores of rupees in repair without strict control
impurities in steam, also forms deposition over machine blades
and nozzles .So , we need de-mineralized water in boiler so that
corrosion should not take place in boiler.
 BOILER:- Boiler can be regarded as a number of

interconnected heat exchangers arranged in a manner that heat
available by burning of fuel is transferred to convert water into
steam in the most efficient manner. The combustion of fuel i.e.
coal takes place in the boiler furnace and heat transfer takes
place through the tubes called water wall tubes. The input of
boiler is Coal/Oil, water and air (required for combustion and to
carry the coal to the furnace) . The output is Flue Gases, ash,
steam.
Some specifications of RPSCL’s Boiler:
 Type: Water-tube, Sub critical, Single Drum, Natural
Circulation, Two Pass, Balanced Draft, Four Corner Tangential
Firing
 Manufacturer: Shanghai Boiler Works Ltd.
 Designed Fuel: Sub Bituminous Coal
 Steam flow at final super heater outlet: 1025 TPH
 Steam pressure at final super heater outlet: 178.2 kg/cm2
 Steam temperature at final super heater outlet: 541⁰C
 Turbine:- A steam turbine is device that extracts thermal

energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical
work on a rotating output shaft. Because the turbine is used to
produce the rotary motion, it is particularly used to drive an
electrical generator . Gas, steam, and water turbines usually
have a casing around the blades that contains and controls the
working fluid.
Types of Turbines- 1. Impulse Turbine
2. Reaction Turbine
 ASH HANDLING PLANT (AHP):- The ash
remained after burning coal and the unburnt particles are
collected through several hoppers in AHP.
Bottom Ash Hopper: 1 hopper below the boiler, capacity 375
m3 , wet ash collected (slurry), 8-10 % of the total ash collected
Economizer Hoppers: 4 hoppers, slurry is made, 7 % ash
collected
APH Hopper: 2-5 % ash collected, dry ash collected, routed to
ESP lines
ESP Hoppers: 56 hoppers, fly ash (dry ash) collected, 70 % of
the total ash collected
Stack Hopper: 2-3 % ash collected
ESP (Electrostatic Precipitator):- There are collector plates

and emitter rods with a very high positive potential difference
which ionizes the ash particles that are eventually collected on
the collector plates and the emitter rods.
 CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION:- In a

power plant like RPSCL, there are a lot of devices which may
be big or small depending on the process for which they are
used so it is very hard to control these manually. For solving this
problem, various automated systems are used for controlling
devices like boilers, turbines, generators, pumps etc. because
these devices are spread over a large area.
 In RPSCL, there are two types of automated systems being
used. These are: 1. Programming Logic Control (PLC)
2.Distributed Control System (DCS)
 GENERATOR:- In electricity generation, an electric
generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to
electrical energy. A generator forces electric charge (usually
carried by electrons) to flow through an external electrical
circuit. It is analogous to a water pump, which causes water to
flow (but does not create water). The source of mechanical
energy may be a reciprocating or turbine steam engine, water
falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion
engine, a wind turbine, a hand crank, compressed air or any
other source of mechanical energy. The reverse conversion of
electrical energy into mechanical energy is done by an electric
motor, and motors and generators have many similarities. Many
motors can be mechanically driven to generate electricity, and
frequently make acceptable generators.

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Training

Name - Indra Kumar

This type of generation plays a central role in supplying power

Central Role of Thermal Power Generation

Thermal power stations use a wide variety of fuels to create electricity

Basic Principle of Generation of Electric

 Coal:- Coal is fundamental part of Rosa Thermal Power Plant.

 Coal Handling Plant:- The coal in RPSCL is brought in

 BOILER:- Boiler can be regarded as a number of

 Turbine:- A steam turbine is device that extracts thermal

ESP (Electrostatic Precipitator):- There are collector plates

 CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION:- In a

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