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Collision and Broadcast Domain

The document discusses collision domains and broadcast domains. A collision domain is the area where packet collisions can occur, such as on a single hub port. Each hub port is in the same collision domain, while switch and router ports have separate collision domains. A broadcast domain is the area where broadcasts are forwarded, and by default all ports on a hub or switch are in the same broadcast domain, while router ports have separate broadcast domains.

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288 views3 pages

Collision and Broadcast Domain

The document discusses collision domains and broadcast domains. A collision domain is the area where packet collisions can occur, such as on a single hub port. Each hub port is in the same collision domain, while switch and router ports have separate collision domains. A broadcast domain is the area where broadcasts are forwarded, and by default all ports on a hub or switch are in the same broadcast domain, while router ports have separate broadcast domains.

Uploaded by

Meharu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Collision & broadcast domain

Collision domain
A collision domain is, as the name implies, the part of a network where packet collisions
can occur. A collision occurs when two devices send a packet at the same time on the
shared network segment. The packets collide and both devices must send the packets
again, which reduces network efficiency. Collisions are often in a hub environment,
because each port on a hub is in the same collision domain. By contrast, each port on a
bridge, a switch or a router is in a separate collision domain.

The following example illustrates collision domains:

We have 6 collision domains in the example above.

NOTE
Remember, each port on a hub is in the same collision domain. Each port on a bridge, a
switch or router is in a separate collision domain.
Broadcast domain
A broadcast domain is the domain in which a broadcast is forwarded. A broadcast
domain contains all devices that can reach each other at the data link layer (OSI layer
2) by using broadcast. All ports on a hub or a switch are by default in the same
broadcast domain. All ports on a router are in the different broadcast domains and
routers don’t forward broadcasts from one broadcast domain to another.

The following example clarifies the concept:


In the picture above we have three broadcast domains, since all ports on a hub or a
switch are in the same broadcast domain, and all ports on a router are in a different
broadcast domain.

8.A bridge uses a filtering table; a router uses a routing table. Can you explain
the difference?
A filtering table is based on physical addresses (MAC); a routing table is based on the logical
addresses (IP address)

A bridge can filter, flood or forward based on its MAC address forwarding table. The bridge will
note any MAC address that is the source address on a frame and the port that the frame was
received. Then it will forward or filter depending upon the forwarding table. If a MAC address is
found on more than one port (because of loops in the network) then the frame is forwarded on
both ports. If a frame is received on a port and the destination MAC address is only found on
that port then the frame is filtered and discarded. If the destination MAC address is not found
in the forwarding table, then the bridge will flood the frame out all ports except the receiving
port.

A router will build a routing table based on the routing protocol that is being used in the router.
The routing protocol (RIP, RIPv2, AS-AS, OSPF etc) will have a method of identifying the best
route to send the IP packet to the destination. When an IP frame is received then it will be
routed on the best route to the destination.
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a dynamic protocol used to find the best route or path
from end-to-end (source to destination) over a network by using a routing metric/hop count
algorithm.

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It


uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the group of interior
gateway protocols (IGPs), operating within a single autonomous system (AS). It is defined
as OSPF Version 2 in RFC 2328 (1998) for IPv4.

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an advanced distance-vector


routing protocol that is used on a computer network for automating routing decisions and
configuration. The protocol was designed by Cisco Systems as a proprietary protocol,
available only on Cisco routers.

How can we distinguish a multicast address in 1Pv4


addressing? How can we do so in 1Pv6 addressing?
Multicast addresses in IPv4 are those that start with the 1110 pattern. Multicast addresses in
IPv6 are those that start with the 11111111 pattern.

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