Learning Packet 2 | Abstract Algebra
Name: Ginelle A. Tanseco Instructor: Jonah Gay V. Pedraza Ph. D.
Course/Year & Sec: BSEd - Math 3 Date: April 19, 2021
UNIT 2 ASSESSMENT
Assess Your Understanding
Concepts and Vocabulary
3. Match the following
A. Groups i. Associativity
B. Semi groups ii. Identity
C. Monoids iii. Commutative
D. Abelian Groups iv. Left inverse
Answers:
A. IV
B. I
C. II
D. III
4. Why set of all real numbers under the usual multiplication operation is not a group?
a. multiplication is not a binary operation
b. multiplication is not associative
c. multiplication is not associative
d. zero has no inverse
5. If (G, ●) is a group such that (ab)- 1 = a-1b-1, ∀ a, b ∈ G, then G is a/an
a. Commutative group (c) non-abelian group
b. Abelian group (d) not a group
6. Which of the following is TRUE?
a. Set of all rational negative numbers forms a group under multiplication.
b. Set of all non-singular matrices forms a group under multiplication.
c. Set of all matrices forms a group under multiplication
d. Both (b) and (c)
7. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. The set of rational numbers is an abelian group under addition
b. The set of rational integers is an abelian group under addition
c. The set of rational numbers form an abelian group under multiplication
d. None of these
Learning Packet 2 | Abstract Algebra
8. The set of all nth roots of unity under multiplication of complex numbers form a/an
a. semi group with identity c. commutative semigroups with identity
b. group d. abelian
Skill Building (Problem Set)
9. If * is defined on R* as a * b = -ab/ 2,' then identity element in the group (R*., *) is
__e=0___.
10. The inverse of - i in the multiplicative group, {1, - 1, i, - i} is ___i____.
11. In the group (G, ●), the value of (a-1b)-1 is ____𝒃−𝟏 𝒂 _.
12. If the binary operation * is deined on a set of ordered pairs of real numbers as (a, b) * (c,
d) = (ad + bc, bd) and is associative, then (1, 2) * (3, 5) * (3, 4) equals
a. (74,40) b. (32,40) c. (23,11) d. (7,11)
13. If a, b are positive integers, define a * b = a where ab = a (modulo 7), with this *
operation, then inverse of 3 in group G (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) is
a. 1 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
Applications and Extensions
14. Referring to Example 14, verify the assertion that subtraction is not associative.
Answer:
➢ The set of integers under subtraction is not a group, because it does not satisfy all
of the group properties: it does not have the associative property. Therefore, the
set of integers under subtraction is not a group
15. Show that {1, 2, 3} under multiplication modulo 4 is not a group but that {1, 2, 3, 4} under
multiplication modulo 5 is a group.
Answer:
➢ This is not a group, since it is not closed. Consider that 22 ∙ 2 ≡ 0 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 4), and
that 0 is not in the set.
➢ This is a group. A quick multiplication table shows that the operation is binary. By
associativity of multiplication in the integers, (𝑎 ∙ 𝑏) ∙ 𝑐 = 𝑎 ∙ (𝑏 ∙ 𝑐), so the
operation is associative. Consider any element 𝑎 ∈ 𝑍_5 − {0}. Then 1 ∙ 𝑎 = 𝑎 ∙
1, so there is an identity, namely:
1. Consider any element 𝑎 ∈ 𝑍_5 − {0}. Then a has an inverse. The justification
follows: 1 ∙ 1 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 5) ; 2 ∙ 3 = 6 ≡ 1(𝑚𝑜𝑑 5); 4 ∙ 4 = 16
16. An abstract algebra teacher intended to give a typist a list of nine integers that form a
group under multiplication modulo 91. Instead, one of the nine integers was inadvertently
left out, so that the list appeared as 1, 9, 16, 22, 53, 74, 79, 81. Which integer was left
out? (This really happened!)
Answer:
➢ The first attempt to solve the problem is to compute 90 = 1, 91 = 9, 92 = 3, 94 =
1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 91) which belongs to the list. Then 160 = 1, 161 = 16, 162 = 74, 163 =
Learning Packet 2 | Abstract Algebra
1 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 91) which belongs to the list. Next 222 = 29 (𝑚𝑜𝑑 91) which is not in
the list.
17. For any elements a and b from a group and any integer n, prove that (a-1ba)n = a-1bna.
Answer:
➢ Foundation step: n=1
➢ When n=1, the equality is obvious: (a -1 ba)1 = a-1 𝑏𝑎
=a-1 b1 𝑎
Therefore, (𝑎 − 1𝑏𝑎)n is equal to a-1 b1 𝑎.
18. Construct a Cayley table for U(12).
1 5 7 11
1 1 5 7 11
5 5 1 11 5
7 7 11 1 5
11 11 5 5 1
19. Suppose the table below is a group table. Fill in the blank entries.
e a b c d
e e a b c d
a a b c d e
b b c d e a
c c d e a b
d d e a b c
Explaining Concepts: Discussion and Writing (Recitation)
20. Give two reasons why the set of odd integers under addition is not a group.
Answer:
➢ The set of odd numbers is not closed under addition. That is to say, if x and y are
members of the set (x and y are odd) then x + y not odd and so not a member of
the set.
➢ There is no identity element in the group such that x + i = i + x = x for all x in the
group. The identity element under addition of integers is zero which is not a
member of the set of odd numbers.
