OUTCOME

BASED LAB
TASK REPORT

1
 TASK - 1

RIGIDITY MODULUS - TORSIONAL PENDULUM

OUTCOME BASED LAB TASK REPORT

Submitted by

SUSEENDRAN V

BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai)
SATHYAMANGALAM-638401

MARCH 2021

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 DECLARATION

I affirm that the lab task work titled “Rigidity modulus - Torsional
pendulum” being submitted as the record of original work done by us under the
guidance of Dr RAJANANDKUMAR, Assistant Professor, department of
Physics.

V.Suseendran
(Signature of candidate)
SUSEENDRAN V

(202IT243)

I certify that the declaration made above by the candidates is true.

(Signature of the Guide)

Dr RAJANANDKUMAR

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EXP NO :
TITTLE Pg.NO

1 RIGIDITY MODULUS 5

1.1 AIM 5

1.2 APPARATUS REQUIRED 5

1.3 METHODOLOGY (PROCEDURE) 5

1.4 PRINCIPLE 6
(FORMULA)
1.5 TABLE AND OBSERVATION 7,9,10

1.6 DIAGRAM 8

1.7 CALCULATION 11

1.8 RESULT AND APPLICATIONS 12

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Expt. No. : 01
Rigidity Modulus - Torsional
Pendulum
Date : 19.03.2021

AIM :

To find the moment of inertia of the disc and the rigidity modulus of the
material of the suspension wire subjected to torsional oscillations.

APPARATUS REQUIRED :

1. Metallic disc
2. Brass/steel wire
3. Symmetrical masses
4. Stop clock
5. Metre scale
6. Screw gauge
7. Stand

PROCEDURE :

1. One end of the material of the wire is clamped using a vertical chuck. A
metallic disc is attached to the other end of the wire.
2. The length of the suspension wire is fixed to a particular value. The disc
is slightly twisted so that the disc executes torsional oscillations.
3. The time taken for ten oscillations is noted using a stop clock. Two trials
are taken for each length. The mean time period T0 is found.
4. Now two equal masses are placed on either side of the center of the disc
close to the suspension wire.

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 5. The closest distance d1 from the center of the mass to the center of the
suspension wire is found.
6. Now the disc is made to execute torsional oscillations. The time taken for
10 oscillations is measured and the time period T1 is calculated.
7. Now the two equal masses are placed at the edges of the disc. The
farthest distance d2 from the center of the mass to the center of the
suspension wire is found.
8. Now the disc is made to execute torsional oscillations. The procedure is
repeated and the time period T2 is calculated.
9. The radius of the wire(r) is found using a screw gauge.

FORMULA :

1. Moment of inertia of the disc

T02 2
I  2 m( d  d ) 2
2 2 (kg m )
(T2  T12 )
2 1

2. Rigidity modulus of the material of the wire

8I L
n 4 (N/m2)
r T02

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Symbol Explanation Unit

I Moment of inertia of the disc kg m2

m Value of one of the two masses placed on the disc kg

d1 Closest distance between the center of mass and the wire m

d2 Farthest distance between the center of mass and the wire m

T0 Time period without any mass placed on the disc s

T1 Time period when two masses are placed at a distance d1 s

T2 Time period when two masses are placed at a distance d2 s

n rigidity modulus of the material of the suspension wire N/m2

L length of the suspension wire m

r radius of the suspension wire m

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Diagram : Torsional Pendulum

Torsional Pendulum Torsional Pendulum Torsional Pendulum

(without masses) (with masses at d1 (with masses at d2
close to the axis) away from the axis)

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TABLE – I
L T02
To find and
TO
2
(T22  T12 )

Time for 10
oscillations(s)
Length of Distance
Period L / T02 T02
the suspension between
S.No Trial Trial Mea T 10-2 ------------
wire L the masses
I II n (s) (m/s2 ) ( T22 - T12 )
(10-2m) (10-2m)

No mass 65 65 65 T0 = 6.5

1 46.5 d1 = 2.7 67 67 67 T1 = 6.7 1.1005 10.2798

d2 = 5.5 70 70 70 T2 = 7.0

No mass 71 71 71 T0 = 7.1

2 64.5 d1 = 2.7 72 72 72 T1 = 7.2 1.0811 8.5152

d2 = 5.5 76 76 76 T2 = 7.6

L
Mean 2 = 1.0908 × 10-2 m/s2
TO
T02
Mean = 9.3975
(T22  T12 )

LEAST COUNT FOR SCREW GAUGE :

𝑃𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ
Least Count (LC) =
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 5 𝑚𝑚
Pitch = = = 1mm
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 5
1 𝑚𝑚
LC = = 0.01mm
100

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TABLE - II

To measure the radius of the wire using screw gauge

Zero Error (ZE) : -1 division Zero Correction (ZC) : 0.01 mm

Pitch Scale Head Scale

Observed Reading Correct Reading
S. No. Reading Coincidence
OR = PSR + ( HSC × LC ) CR = OR ± ZC
PSR HSC
(10-3 m) ( 10-3 m)
( 10-3 m) (divisions)
1. 0 55 0.55 0.56

2. 0 57 0.57 0.58

3. 0 58 0.58 0.59

4. 0 54 0.54 0.55

5. 0 53 0.53 0.54

Mean diameter (d) = 0.564 × 10-3 m

Radius (r = d/2) = 0.282 × 10-3 m

OBSERVATION :

Value of one of the masses placed on the disc m = 50 × 10-3 kg

The closest distance between the suspension wire

and the center of the mass d1 = 2.7 × 10-2 m

The farthest distance between the suspension wire

and the center of the mass d2 = 5.5 × 10-2 m

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 Radius of the suspension wire r = 0.282 × 10-3 m

=
Mean value of L/T02 1.0908 × 10-2 m/s2

Mean value of T02 /( T22 - T12) = 9.3975

CALCULATION :

Moment of inertia of the disc

T02
I  2m(d  d ) 2
2 2
kg m2
(T2  T12 )
2 1

I = 2 × 50 × 10-3 ×22.96 × 10-4 × 9.3975

I = 100 ×10-3 × 22.96 ×10-4 × 9.3975

I = 21576.66 ×10-7

I = 2.157666 ×10-3 kg m2

Rigidity modulus of the material of the wire :

8I L
n
r 4 T02 (N/m2)

n = 8 × 3.14 × 2.15766 ×10-3 × 1.0908 ×10-2 (N/m2)

(0.282 ×10-3)4

n = 59.12181726 × 10-5 (N/m2)

0.006324066 × 10-12

n = 9.3487 × 10-12 (N/m2)

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 RESULT :

The moment of inertia of the disc I = 2.157666 ×10-3 kg m2

The rigidity modulus of the material n = 9.3487 × 10-12 (N/m2)

of the given wire

APPLICATIONS :

Torsional pendulum clocks , shafts in automobiles.

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