Q1

Choose the correct answer. 1X243=243

Chemistry formula
In a chemical reaction, the substances which react together are called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Reactants Products Equilibrium Numerator
2.
Plants use:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Carbon dioxide Oxygen Nitrogen Sulphur
3.
The color of iodine is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Black Yellow Purple Green
4.
At equilibrium state, there are possibilities:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Two Three Four Five
5.
The color of HI is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Orange Purple Red Colourless
6.
The substances which are formed during a chemical reaction are called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Products Reactants Radicals Elements
7.
Reversible reaction is represented by:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

8.
In the beginning, the rate of reverse reaction is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Less Moderate Very fast Slow
9.
Molar concentration is represented by:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
{} [] () All
10.
Guldberg and Waage put law of mass action in:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1859 1869 1879 1889
11.
Who presented law of mass action?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Dalton Guldberg Rutherford Moselay
12.
The units for molar concentration are:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

13.
The specific rate constant of forward reaction is represented by:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
kf kc kr kb
14.
Kc is equal to:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

15.
The value of Kc in equilibrium state is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

16.
For reaction  : equilibrium constant can be represented as:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

17.
The equilibrium constant expression for equation   is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

18.
Which of the following equilibrium expression is correct for the following
reaction? 
(A) (B) (C) (D)

19.
The value of Kc depends upon:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Temperature Initial concentration Both None of the above
20.
In a reaction, when the number of moles at both sides is equal then the unit of Kc will be:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
No unit
21.
In balanced equation   the units of equilibrium constant are:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
None
22.
The Kc units for the following reaction will be: 
(A) (B) (C) (D)
None
23.
Reaction will be in equilibrium if:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

24.
The large value of Kc indicates that the reaction will be:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
In equilibrium Completed Proceed in the Proceed in the reverse
forward direction direction
25.
If   then reaction proceed:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Forward direction Reverse direction Equilibrium In both directions
26.
Reaction will proceed from left to right if:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

27.
If   then reaction will proceed:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Forward Reverse In equilibrium state None of the above
28.
In reaction  , the value of Kc will be:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
0.213 0.214 0.211 0.212
29.
In a reversible reaction if   then we can conclude that:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Reaction is occurring Reaction is occurring Equilibrium has been Reaction is not at
in forward direction in reverse direction attained equilibrium
30.
For which reaction, kf is rate constant?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Forward reaction Reverse reaction Upward reaction Downward reaction
31.
If   then reaction will be:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Static equilibrium Chemical equilibrium In the forward In the reverse
direction direction
32.
The conjugate acid of base H2O is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
+
H H2 H3O+ O-2
33.
The meaning of Latin word “acidus” is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Sweet Tasteless Salty Sour
34.
……… is not mineral acid:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
HCl CH3COOH H2SO4 NaOH
35.
Acids reacting with metal sulphides, liberate gas:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Oxygen Hydrogen Hydrogen sulphide Hydrogen oxide
36.
When bases react with acids, they form salt and:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Oxygen gas Hydrogen gas Water Carbon dioxide
37.
Which of the following is not an acid?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
AlCl3 BF3 NH3 H+
38.
The natural source of citric acid is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Rancid butter Fats Lemon Sour milk
39.
Rancid butter has a foul smell because of:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Butanoic Nitric acid Tartaric acid Sulphuric acid
40.
According to Arhenius concept, base is a specie which:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Gives   ion in aqueous Gives   ion in aqueous Which can donate a Which can accept a
solution solution proton to other proton form other
specie specie
41.
……… is a lewis base:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
+
AlCl3 H BF3 NH3
42.
In strong acidic solution the color of litmus becomes:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Red Blue Yellow Colorless
43.
Uric acid is found in:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Urine Fats Apple Grapes
44.
Which of the following is used for the preparation of soap?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Pb(NO3)2 ZnCl2 NaOH Fe(OH)2
45.
The taste of acid is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Bitter Sweet Sour Salty
46.
The taste of base is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Bitter Sweet Sour Salty
47.
……… is not an acid:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
HCl NH3 H2CO3 H2SO4
48.
The acid which is the king of chemicals is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Hydrochloric acid Acitic acid
49.
Which base is more corrosive?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
NH4OH NaOH Ca(OH)2 An(OH)3
50.
Arrhenius presented the concept of acid and base in:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1787 1788 1789 1790
51.
The conjugate base of HCl acid is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
+ -
H OH Cl-
52.
The conjugate base of   is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
-
H2O OH H3O+ H3O-
53.
The acid used in lead storage batteries as electrolyte is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Sulphuric acid Uric acid Formic acid Citric acid
54.
Which acid is used for the preservation of food?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Hydrochloric acid Benzoic acid
55.
The base which is used in alkaline battery:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
NaOH Al(OH)3 KOH Mg(OH)2
56.
If   at 250C. What is the concentration of   in pure water at
250C?
(A) (B) (C) (D)

57.
The first acid known to man was:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Benzoic acid Acetic acid Sulphuric acid Nitric acid
58.
Lactic acid is found in:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Sour milk Apple Grapes Lemon
59.
Bronsted-Lowry presented the concept of acids and bases in:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1787 1823 1923 1943
60.
The acid present in sour milk is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Lactic acid Formic acid Tartaric acid Uric acid
61.
Dilute acid reacts with carbonates to produce the given product except:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Salt Water Carbon dioxide Hydrogen
62.
Citric acid is found in:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Urine Fat Lemon Sour milk
63.
The binary compounds of oxygen such as carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide were named as
acids by:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Jabir bin Hayan Lavisior Al Jahiz Hamphrydevy
64.
Word acid came from:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Greek Italian Indian Latin
65.
Maliac acid is found in:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Urine Fat Apple Butter
66.
Butyric acid is found in:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Apple Fats Grapes Rancid butter
67.
Bases on reaction with ammonium salt release:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Nitrogen gas Hydrogen gas Sulphur dioxide gas Ammonia gas
68.
In strong basic solution the color of litmus turns into:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Yellow Blue Red Colorless
69.
Which chemical is used for removing grease from clothes?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Ammonium nitrate Aluminium hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide Aluminium chloride
70.
The formula of citric acid is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

71.
Which one of the following is lavoisier acid?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
CO2 H2SO4 HCl NH3
72.
Which base is used to neutralize acidity in the stomach?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Ca(OH)2 NaOH Mg(OH)2 KOH
73.
Acid used for flavouring of food is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Benzoic acid Acetic acid Sulphuric acid Nitric acid
74.
Which compound is amphoteric?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
H2O NH3 HCl CH3COOH
75.
The pH of acid rain is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 5 6.5 2
76.
The pOH of 0.001M solution of KOH is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 11 2 4
77.
The sum of pH and pOH is always:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1 0 7 14
78.
Which is common indicator?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Methyl orange Litmus paper pH paper None of the above
79.
The sum of pH and pOH at 250C is always:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 8 10 14
80.
The pH of neutral solution is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 7 8 12
81.
The pH value of a neutral solution is always:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Greater than seven Less than seven Equal to seven Zero
82.
Values of pH and pOH are:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
0 to 10 0 to 14 1 to 13 1 to 16
83.
When alkalies react with ammonium salts which gas is liberated?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
O2 CO2 H2 NH3
84.
Which of the following is an example of complex salt?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Zinc sulphate Potash alum Potassium ferrocyanids Sodium phosphate
85.
Potassium ferrocyanids   is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Normal salt Mixed salt Complex salt Double salt
86.
 is an example of:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Complex salt Double salt Normal salt Mixed salt
87.
Which of the following is acidic salt?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4
KHSO Al(OH)2Cl NaCl Ca(OCl)Cl
88.
Salt formed with the reaction of HCl and KOH is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Acidic Basic Neutral Complex
89.
Which of the following is not present in mixed salts?
(A) (B) (C) (D)

90.
Which of the following is used as fertilizer?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Gypsum Potassium nitrate Sodium carbonate Both a and b
91.
Bleaching powder is an example of:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Mixed salt Acidic salt Double salt None
92.
KCl is an example of:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Double salt Normal salt Mixed salt Complex salt
93.
Which of the following is double salt?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
NaCl CaO AlCl3
94.
Who prepared the first organic compound urea?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Wohler Arrhenius Dalton Jabir bin Hayan
95.
The branch of chemistry which deals with hydrocarbons and their derivatives is called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Inorganic chemistry Organic chemistry Physical chemistry Analytical chemistry
96.
The bond energy of C - C bond is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
-1 -1 -1
255kJmol 355 kJmol 455 kJmol 555 kJmol-1
97.
Carbon is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
A metal A non-metal Metalloid Compound
98.
The example of heterocyclic compound is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Benzene Hexane Cyclohexane Pyridine
99.
The chemical formula of urea is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
NH4CNO NH4CN NH2CONH2 NH4Cl
100.
Percentage of methane present in natural gas is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
75% 80% 85% 90%
101.
The amount of carbon in peat is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
60% 70% 85% 90%
102.
The percentage amount of carbon in wood is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
40% 52% 60% 70%
103.
The amount of carbon in lignite is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
60% 70% 85% 90%
104.
The formula of ethane is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
CH4 C2H6 C2H4 C4H4
105.
The molecular formula of butane is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
C4H8 C4H10 C4H12 C6H6
106.
General formula of alkanes is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

107.
The formula of decane is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
C10H20 C10H22 C10H8 C10H16
108.
The reduction of alkyl halides takes place in the presence of:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Zn / HCl Na / HCl Mg / HCl Cu / HCl
109.
The hydrogen atoms in pentane are:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 12 14 16
110.
The other name of alkanes is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Halogens Olefins Paraffins Ethylene
111.
Organic compounds containing   group are called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Alcohols Aldehydes Catones Carboxylic acids
112.
Which of the following compounds is aldehyde?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
113.
General formula of saturated hydrocarbons is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

114.
Which of the following is saturated hydrocarbon?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Methane Propane Ethyne Propyne
115.
Percentage of methane present in natural gas is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
75% 80% 85% 90%
116.
The formula of pentane is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
C5H12 C5H10 C5H8 C5H14
117.
The number of hydrogen atoms in pentane is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 12 14 16
118.
The chemical formula of chloroform is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
CH3Cl CH2Cl2 CCl4 CHCl3
119.
The other name of alkanes is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Halogens Parafinns Olefins Acetylenes
120.
Which of the following is called paraffins?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Alkyls
121.
The main source of alkanes is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Petroleum and natural Air and water gas Coal gas and water None of the above
gas gas
122.
Marsh gas consists of:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Methane Ethane Propane Butane
123.
Formula of ethane is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
CH4 C2H4 C2H6 C4H4
124.
Which reactions are the characteristics properties of alkenes?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Substitution reaction Oxidation reaction Reduction reaction Addition reaction
125.
Alkenes are also called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Paraffins Olefins Acetylenes Aeromatic compounds
126.
General formula of alkenes is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

127.
Alkenes are known by the name:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Methane Paraffins Olefins Acetylenes
128.
Benzene is formed by the polymerization of:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Methane Acetylene Ethene Butene
129.
The final product of the oxidation of acetylene is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Oxalic acid Glycol Glyoxal None of the above
130.
The catalyst used in the halogenations of ethene is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Cu Mg Ni Ag
131.
Ripening of bananas produces gas:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Methane Ethane Ethene Nitrogen
132.
The general formula of alkynes is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

133.
Dehalogenation of tetra halides is carried in the presence of:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
K Mg Na Zinc dust
134.
Alkynes are called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Olefins Ethene Paraffins Acetylene
135.
Which one of following hydrocarbon gas reacts with acidic solution of KMnO4 to neutralize its
pink colour?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
CH4 C2H4 C2H6 C3H8
136.
Dehydrohalogenation of vicinal dihalides takes place in the presence of:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Aqueous NaOH Alcoholic KOH Aqueous KOH Alcoholic NaOH
137.
Ethyne is oxidized by KMnO4 and ……… hydroxyl groups add to triple bond:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Two Three Four Five
138.
The percentage quantity of acetylene in coal gas is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
0.06% 0.7% 0.08% 0.09%
139.
‫کوئی نہیں‬
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Oxalic acid Glycol Glyoxal None of the above
140.
The molecular formula of acetylene is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
C2H6 C2H4 C2H2 C2H5
141.
General formula of carbohydrates is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
142.
Which simple sugar cannot be hydrolyzed?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Glucose Sucrose Starch Cellulose
143.
Lactose is a type of sugar, it consists of sugar and ………:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Sucrose Maltose Starch Galactose
144.
In which art of digestive system glucose is absorbed?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Stomach Liver Small intestine Large intestine
145.
Which of the following is pentahydroxy aldehyde?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Starch Glucose Fructose Sucrose
146.
Which of the following is tri saccharide?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Vitamins
147.
Which of the following is pure cellulose?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Maize Rice Bread Wheat
148.
Which of the following is crystalline solid?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Glucose Starch Cellulose Glycogen
149.
Mono saccharides consists of ……… carbon atoms:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Two to four Four to eight Three to nine Five to ten
150.
Which of the following does not contain starch?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Sugarcane Maize Barley Potatoes
151.
Pentahydroxy ketone is called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Glucose Starch Sucrose Fructose
152.
Chemical formula of fructose is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

153.
Which protects us from muscle cramping?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Proteins Lipids Vitamins Carbohydrates
154.
Amino acids are linked to each other through:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Hydrogen link Ionic link Gelatin link Peptide link
155.
Which of the following does not contain protein?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Pulses Potatoes Beans Eggs
156.
Gelatin protein is present in:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Blood Skin Heart Bones
157.
Polymers of amino acids are:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Carbohydrates Proteins Vitamins Lipids
158.
Proteins are ……… by weight of cell:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
40% 35% 65% 50%
159.
The body reactions are catalyzed by:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Amino acids Lipids Enzymes Fatty acids
160.
The chemical formula of citric acid is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

161.
Building blocks of lipids are:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Nucleic acids Amino acids Fatty acids Mono saccharides
162.
The formula of palmitic acid is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

163.
Catalyst used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oil is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Al Cu Ni Pb
164.
Which scientist discovered the structure of DNA?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Hopkins John Dalton Watson and Crick Robert Hook
165.
The nitrogen present in urea is used by plants to synthesize:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Sugar Proteins Fats DNA
166.
Vitamins B complex contains:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 vitamins 8 vitamins 6 vitamins 12 vitamins
167.
Deficiency of vitamin D causes:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Rickets Scurvy Anemia Night blindness
168.
Who proposed the name of vitamin?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Funk Watson F Crick Lewis
169.
Rickets disease is caused by the deficiency of vitamin:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
D A E C
170.
Who invented vitamin B1 (Thiamin)?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Hopkins Funk J Watson Davy
171.
……… is caused by the deficiency of vitamin A:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Night blindness Sore eyes Rickets Both a and b
172.
Fat soluble vitamin is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
A E K All
173.
Hopkins noticed for the first time:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Vitamins
174.
How many percentage of sunlight is absorbed by atmospheric gases?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12% 18% 24% 3%
175.
The two major components of atmosphere are:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Hydrogen and oxygen Nitrogen and hydrogen Nitrogen and oxygen Oxygen and water
176.
Nitrogen and oxygen are ………% of atmosphere:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
80% 90% 99% 75%
177.
The volume of CO2 in dry by ratio is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
0.03% 0.93% 20.94% 78.09%
178.
On which bases atmosphere is divided into four regions?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Change in pressure Change in radiations Change in temperature Change in weather
179.
Height of stratosphere from earth’s surface is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
30 km 40 km 50 km 60 km
180.
Thermosphere layer is at height above earth’s surface is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
0-12 km 12-50 km 50-85 km 85-120 km
181.
The major constituents of troposphere are nitrogen and:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Hydrogen Carbon dioxide Oxygen Sulphur
182.
At the height 85-120 km from earth’s surface is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Troposphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Thermosphere
183.
The layer of atmosphere which is next to troposphere and extends up to 50 km is called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Mesosphere Hydrosphere Thermosphere Stratosphere
184.
Waste material that pollutes air, water and soil is termed as:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Pollution Pollutant Solvent Solution
185.
A primary pollutant is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
CH4 HNO3 H2CO3 H2SO4
186.
Carbon monoxide is harmful to us because:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Paralysis lungs Damages lungs tissue Reduces oxygen Makes the blood
carrying ability of coagulate
hemoglobin
187.
Every year there is a rise of ……… °C in atmospheric temperature due to carbon dioxide in air:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2°C 0.05°C 0.02°C 0.01°C
188.
A secondary pollutant is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
SO2 CO2 CH4 HCl
189.
The pH of normal rain water is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5.5-6 5.4-6 6-6.5 5.6-6
190.
The pH of acid rain is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 5 6-6.5 7
191.
Which one of the metal clogs gills of the fish?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Iron Copper Aluminium Lead
192.
Cause of global warming is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
CO2 Gas SO2 Gas NO2 Gas O2 Gas
193.
In which region ozone formed?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere
194.
Sea surface is protected from ultraviolet radiations in global warming by:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
CO2 Gas SO2 Gas NO2 Gas O3 Gas
195.
The formula of ozone is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
O2 O3 O CO
196.
Which one of the reasons of global warming?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Absorption of infrared Absorption of infrared Absorption of Emission of
radiation emitted by radiations coming from ultraviolet radiations ultraviolet radiations
the earth the sun coming from the sun by the earth
197.
Which gas is called greenhouse gas?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
CO2 CO N2 HCl
198.
The oceans contain about of total world’s water:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
91% 93% 95% 97%
199.
The boiling point of water is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
0 0 0
0C 25 C 80 C 1000C
200.
Density of water is maximum at ………:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
0 0 0
0C 2C 4C 60C
201.
The density of water at 40C is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
-3 -3 -3
1 gcm 2 gcm 3 gcm 4 gcm-4
202.
The freezing point of water at sea level is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
0 0 0
0C 1C 2C 30C
203.
How much percentage of water is drinkable out of all the water present on Earth?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
0.001% 2.1% 0.2% 90%
204.
The HOH bond angle in water is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
0 0 0
104.5 104.6 104.7 104.80
205.
Which of the following ion is not a cause of water hardness?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2+ 2+
Ca Mg Na+
206.
The removal of   and   ions which are responsible for the hardness of water is called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Permanent hardness Temporary hardness Water softening Hydrogen bonding
207.
Which of the following method is used for removing temporary water hardness is?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Clark’s method Washing soda method Sodium zeolite Filtration method
208.
The chemical used in Clark’s method is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Ca-Zeolite  Zeolite Na2
209.
The types of water hardness are:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Two Three Four Five
210.
Permanent hardness is because of:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
NaCl
211.
Temporary hardness of water is removed by adding:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
NaOH KOH
212.
Temporary hardness of water can be removed by adding:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Lime stone Slaked lime Quick lime Washing soda
213.
Which of the following is an agricultural influent?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Heavy metals Mineral acids Detergents Fertilizers
214.
In water, ……… ions are responsible for the quick growth of algae:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

215.
The rain water is slightly acidic it is because:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
SO3 CO2 SO2 NO2
216.
Vibrios cholera bacteria causes the disease:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Cholera Dysentery Typhoid Hepatitis
217.
The cause of cholera is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Protozoa Virus Bacteria Fungi
218.
Swimming pools are cleaned by a process called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Bromination Hydrogenation Nitration Chlorination
219.
The industrial effluents, when taken by men, are responsible for disease:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Cancer Asthma Pleague Cholera
220.
Cholera is caused by:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Virus Bacteria Fungi Protozoa
221.
Chalco-pyrite is an ore of:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Copper Silver Iron Aluminium
222.
The chemical formula of chalco-pyrite is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Cu2S CuFe2S CuS FeS
223.
The underground and other impurities present in minerals are called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Metallurgy Ores Gang Compounds
224.
……… is called the king of chemicals:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
HCl HNO3 H2SO4 H3PO4
225.
The brown colour of the hairs is due to the presence of ……… compounds:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Titanium Copper Molybdenum Mercury
226.
Ammonia is prepared by the process called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Solvay’s process Hibr’s process Floatation process Hyber’s process
227.
The quantity of nitrogen in urea is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
76.6% 66.6% 56.6% 46.6%
228.
The preparation of urea consists of ……… stages:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Two Three Four Five
229.
In Haber’s process, the catalyst used is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Nickel Platinum Cadmium Sodium
230.
The number of units in Pakistan for the preparation of urea are:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Four Five Six Ten
231.
The gas prepared by haber process is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
CO2 SO2 HI NH3
232.
Petroleum fraction having molecular composition C1 - C4 is called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Petroleum gas Petroleum ether Gasoline or petrol Kerosene oil
233.
Petroleum fraction having molecular composition   is called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Petroleum gas Petroleum ether Gasoline or petrol Kerosene oil
234.
How many carbons atoms are there in gasoline?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Five to seven Seven to ten Thirteen to fifteen Fifteen to eighteen
235.
The molecular composition of kerosene oil is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

236.
The carbon composition of diesel oil is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

237.
Petroleum fraction whose composition is C5 and C7 is called:
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Petroleum gas Petroleum ether Gasoline or petrol Kerosene oil
238.
Which fraction of petroleum is used as fuel in ships and industries?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Petroleum gas Petrol Diesel oil Fuel oil
239.
Which of the following fraction is used as laboratory solvent?
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Kerosene oil Diesel oil Petroleum ether Fuel oil
240.
The molecular composition of gasoline is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

241.
The molecular composition of fuel oil is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

242.
The boiling range of gasoline or petrol is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

243.
The boiling range of petroleum ether is:
(A) (B) (C) (D)

 
Q2
Choose the correct answer. 2X361=722
.
1.
What is chemical reaction? What is meant by reactants and products? Explain with example.
2.
What is the difference between reactants and products? Give example.
3.
What is meant by irreversible reaction? Write their characteristics. Explain with the help of an
example.
4.
What are reversible reactions? Give example.
5.
Define forward reaction. Give example.
6.
Define forward and reverse reactions.
7.
Write any two macroscopic characteristics of forward reactions.
8.
Define chemical equilibrium.
9.
Write two possibilities of chemical equilibrium state.
10.
What is meant by static equilibrium? Explain with example.
11.
Why is equilibrium state attainable from either way?
12.
Define dynamic equilibrium.
13.
How dynamic equilibrium is established?
14.
Why at equilibrium state reaction does not stop?
15.
How can you know that a reaction has achieved and equilibrium state?
16.
Describe any two macroscopic characteristics of dynamic equilibrium.
17.
Describe any two macroscopic characteristics of reverse reaction.
18.
How atmospheric gases are used to prepare chemicals?
19.
What is meant by complete reaction? How is it represented?
20.
What is meant by limit of a reaction?
21.
What kind of reaction does not reach to completion?
22.
Why reversible reactions do not reach to completion?
23.
What is meant by active mass? Write its unit.
24.
How active mass is represented?
25.
Define law of mass action.
26.
Who presented law of mass action?
27.
What is meant by equilibrium constant?
28.
What will be the equilibrium units in the following reversible reaction? 
29.
For what reactions, equilibrium constant has no units?
30.
What will be the equilibrium units in the following reversible
reaction? 
31.
Write equilibrium constant expression for the following equation. 
32.
What will be the equilibrium units in the following reversible reaction? 
33.
Nitrogen and hydrogen combine to form ammonia. Write equilibrium expression for this
reaction.
34.
What will be the equilibrium units in the following reversible
reaction? 
35.
What happened in the reaction if  ?
36.
Predict the extent of the reaction when the numerical value of Kc is small.
37.
What represents the very small value of Kc for a reaction?
38.
Define Arrhenius concept of acids and bases.
39.
Write the limitations of Arrhenius concept.
40.
Define acids and bases according to lowry and bronsted. Also give examples.
41.
Define lewis concept of acids and bases. Give example of each.
42.
Define adduct.
43.
How BF3 acts as lewis base?
44.
Write the names of two mineral acids.
45.
Write two characteristics of acids.
46.
Write neutralization reaction. Give example.
47.
Write the uses of nitric acid.
48.
Write the uses of sulphuric acid.
49.
Write the uses of acetic acid.
50.
Name two acids which are used in the preservation of food.
51.
Write down two characteristics of bases.
52.
Write down two uses of magnesium hydroxide.
53.
Name the alkali used in the alkaline batteries.
54.
Define base. And explain that all alkalis are bases but all bases are not alkalis.
55.
Define hyperacidity.
56.
Write two preventions from hyperacidity.
57.
Write down the uses of sodium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.
58.
Write the chemical formula and uses of ammonium hydroxide.
59.
Define acid rain.
60.
Write down the formula of calcium hydroxide. Also write its one use.
61.
Which acid is present in apple?
62.
What is meant by conjugate acid and conjugate base? Explain with the help of an example.
63.
Write the names of acids which are present in rancid butter and citrus fruits.
64.
Write the names of acids which are present in vinegar and citrus fruits.
65.
Write the formula of ammonium hydroxide.
66.
Which of the compounds were declared acid by sir Humphrey Davy?
67.
What is the meaning of the word acid?
68.
What is meant by amphoteric compounds? Explain that water is an amphoteric compound.
69.
Write two differences between acids and bases.
70.
What is the difference between Arrhenius base and lowry bronsted base?
71.
What is meant by pH? Write down the uses of pH.
72.
The solution of hydrochloric acid is 0.01M. What is its pH?
73.
What is meant by indicator? Explain with examples.
74.
Write down the names of two indicators which are used in nitration.
75.
Why pure water is not a strong electrolyte?
76.
Which salts produce SO2 gas when react with acids?
77.
Define salts. Give two examples.
78.
How salts are named?
79.
Define normal salts. And give example.
80.
What are acidic salts? Write an equation of their chemical reactions with bases.
81.
Define basic salts and write an equation.
82.
Write down the formula of copper sulphate and calcium sulphate.
83.
Write down two uses of salts.
84.
Write down two uses of sodium silicate.
85.
Write down two uses of calcium oxide.
86.
Write down two uses of sodium sulphate.
87.
Differentiate between basic salts and acidic salts.
88.
What are mixed salts? Give example.
89.
Write down two uses of calcium sulphate.
90.
What is meant by water of crystallization?
91.
What are complex salts?
92.
What do you know about double salts? Explain.
93.
Write down the chemical formula of gypsum.
94.
Write down the formula of potash alum and ferric alum.
95.
Write down two uses of sodium carbonate.
96.
How many water of crystallization molecules are present in the following? Copper
sulphate    Calcium sulphate 
97.
Write down the chemical formula of Mohr’s salt.
98.
Write the names of two double salts.
99.
What is condensed formula? Give example.
100.
How carbon completes its octet and why it does so?
101.
Define structural formula. Write the structural formula of n-butane and iso butane and give
example.
102.
What is dot and cross formula?
103.
Define closed chain compounds. And also give an example.
104.
Define open chain or acyclic compounds.
105.
What is meant by homo cyclic compounds?
106.
Coal tar is a compound. Write its importance.
107.
Differentiate between coal tar and coke.
108.
Which is the best quality of coal?
109.
What is coke? For what purpose it is used?
110.
What is coal gas? Write its use.
111.
What is destructive distillation?
112.
Wrote down the two conditions for catenation.
113.
What are closed chain compounds?
114.
Write any two general characteristics of organic compounds.
115.
How Wohler prepared urea?
116.
Write the molecular and structural formula of ethyn.
117.
What is meant by vital force theory?
118.
What is meant by aeromatic compounds? Give an example.
119.
What are Alicyclic compounds? Give an example.
120.
What is the difference between aeromatic and alicyclic compounds?
121.
Describe the modern definition of organic compounds.
122.
Describe the modern definition of organic chemistry.
123.
Define molecular formula and give example.
124.
Write down the four types of formulas of organic compounds.
125.
Write down the sources of organic compounds.
126.
How a sniffing dog can recognize the person’s smell?
127.
How animals are a source of organic compounds?
128.
Write the names of different types of coal.
129.
Define coal.
130.
Define petroleum.
131.
What is the importance of natural gas?
132.
Why organic compounds are non-conductor for electricity?
133.
Define anthracite. Write its one use.
134.
Write down two uses of organic compounds.
135.
Write down the use of organic compounds as medicine.
136.
How organic compounds are used as fuels?
137.
What are alkyl radicals? Write general formula and give example.
138.
Which compounds are amines? Give two examples.
139.
Write general formula and one example of alkane.
140.
Explain different radicals of butane.
141.
Write the formula of aldehydic group. Give an example of aldehyde.
142.
Write formula of methyl acetate and ethyl acetate.
143.
Write down the functional group of alcohols.
144.
Define functional group of alcohols. And explain alcohols with examples.
145.
What is the functional group of ethers? Give examples of ethers.
146.
What is meant by ammonical liquor?
147.
Define carboxylic group and write their general formula.
148.
What is meant by ester linkage? Write general formula.
149.
Define isomers. Write the isomers of pentane.
150.
What is meant by bromine water test?
151.
Write two isomers of pentane C5H12.
152.
What are hydrocarbons? Give two examples.
153.
What are open chain hydrocarbons? Give an example.
154.
Write a note on closed chain hydrocarbons.
155.
Why hydrocarbons are considered as basic organic compounds?
156.
Write down the major sources of alkanes.
157.
What do you know about hydrogenation of alkanes?
158.
What do you know about halogenations of alkanes?
159.
Why alkanes require excess amount of oxygen for burning?
160.
What is meant by exchange reaction? Give an example.
161.
Write down the uses of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.
162.
Write down the two uses of methane.
163.
What is the difference between straight chain and branched chain?
164.
Write down two characteristics of homologous series.
165.
Write down the uses of hydrocarbons.
166.
The reaction of alkanes in the presence of less amount of oxygen may be very dangerous. Why?
167.
What is hydrogenation? Give example.
168.
Describe two sources of alkanes.
169.
Write the names of any two unsaturated hydrocarbons.
170.
How alkenes are prepared from dehydro halogenations of alkyl halides?
171.
Describe the occurrence of alkenes.
172.
How can you prepare acetylene from tetrachloroethene?
173.
Why alkenes are reactive?
174.
Write down some uses of ethene.
175.
Write down the formula of oxalic acid.
176.
What is meant by alkenes? Write their general formula.
177.
Write the chemical and structural formula of benzene.
178.
Which reaction is used to recognize the un saturation of any organic compound?
179.
What are unsaturated hydrocarbons?
180.
What is the difference between glycol and glyoxal?
181.
How halogenation takes place in alkenes? Write chemical equation.
182.
Write the structural formulae of n-butane and iso butane.
183.
How halogenation takes place in alkynes?
184.
What is the difference between alkanes and alkynes?
185.
Write down four characteristics of alkynes.
186.
What is meant by alkynes? Write their general formula and functional group. And also give
examples.
187.
Write down the preparation of alkanes form alkyl halides.
188.
How alkynes are prepared from dehydro halogenation of vicinal dihalides?
189.
Why alkynes are called acetylene?
190.
Write the molecular and structural formulae of ethyne.
191.
How tetra bromo ethane is prepared from acetylene?
192.
Write down two uses of acetylene.
193.
What is meant by biochemistry?
194.
Define carbohydrates.
195.
Define monosaccharides.
196.
Give two examples of monosaccharides.
197.
Write down the characteristics of oligosaccharides.
198.
What are polysaccharides? Give examples.
199.
Define carbohydrates as energy source.
200.
What is meant by oligosaccharides?
201.
Describe the use of dextrose in drips.
202.
Write the structural formula of glucose and fructose.
203.
What is meant by triglycerides? Give their examples and write their general formulas.
204.
In which form our body takes carbohydrates? Write its advantage.
205.
Write the balanced chemical equation of hydrolysis of sucrose.
206.
What are the sources of carbohydrates?
207.
Which elements are present in proteins?
208.
Write the general formula of amino acids.
209.
How will you justify than amino acids are building blocks of proteins?
210.
Write the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids.
211.
Define proteins and write their basic units.
212.
Write two uses of proteins.
213.
What are lipids? Give their examples.
214.
Describe hydrogenation of vegetable oil.
215.
What is the difference between oils and fats?
216.
Write the sources and uses of lipids.
217.
What are fatty acids?
218.
Are the plants a source of oil? Explain.
219.
Write two major constituents of nucleotides.
220.
Write the functions of RNA.
221.
Why RNA is called messenger?
222.
Draw the structure of DNA and label it.
223.
What are nucleic acids? Write the constituents of nucleotides.
224.
What are the abbreviations of DNA and RNA?
225.
What is meant by vitamins?
226.
What are fat soluble vitamins?
227.
What are the sources of vitamins D?
228.
Write down the advantages of water soluble vitamins.
229.
What are the disadvantages of fat soluble vitamins?
230.
Describe the commercial use of enzymes.
231.
Explain fat soluble and water soluble vitamins.
232.
Write the sources and uses of two fat soluble vitamins. Also write the names of diseases caused
by the deficiency of these vitamins.
233.
Write the sources and use of water soluble vitamins. Also write symptoms of their deficiency.
234.
What is meant by atmosphere?
235.
What is the difference between atmosphere and environment?
236.
Write down the composition of dry air.
237.
What is meant by atmosphere? Write down its composition.
238.
Write down the uses of nitrogen and oxygen.
239.
If CO2 is not present in the air, can we live?
240.
Write down the names of different spheres of atmosphere.
241.
Write any two characteristics of atmospheric region.
242.
What is troposphere? Write down two characteristics.
243.
How temperature of atmosphere is maintained?
244.
Write the names of major constituents of troposphere.
245.
Why the temperature of upper stratosphere is higher?
246.
Earth is divided in how many natural systems? Write their names.
247.
What is meant by air pollutant? Give two examples.
248.
What are primary pollutants? Give examples.
249.
What are primary and secondary pollutants? Write difference between them.
250.
Write the names of two secondary pollutants.
251.
Why CO is considered hazardous for health?
252.
What is meant by air pollutants?
253.
What is meant by incineration?
254.
Write two sources of CO2.
255.
What is meant by greenhouse effect?
256.
Write down two effects of global warming.
257.
Why the flood risks are increasing?
258.
What is acid rain?
259.
Write down two effects of acid rain.
260.
How acid rain is produced?
261.
Why acid rain damages buildings?
262.
How does aluminium harm the fish?
263.
How aquatic life is affected by acid rain?
264.
Why the normal rain water is weakly acidic?
265.
Why CO2 is called greenhouse gas?
266.
Why oxides of nitrogen are formed by burning of fossil fuels in combustion engines?
267.
Write down one advantage of ozone layer.
268.
Define ozone and ozone hole.
269.
What is meant by ozone hole?
270.
What is ozone? How it is formed?
271.
Write the basic reason of ozone depletion.
272.
Explain why plants are dying day by day?
273.
Where ozone layer is found?
274.
Describe the occurrence of water.
275.
Write down four characteristics of water.
276.
What is capillary action?
277.
How surface tension of water is important for land plants?
278.
How water rises in plants?
279.
Why the water molecule is polar?
280.
Describe two properties of water that make it an excellent solvent.
281.
Explain how ionic compounds dissolve in water?
282.
Explain how non ionic compounds dissolve in water?
283.
Water is a universal solvent. Explain.
284.
Why sea water is not suitable for drinking and agricultural use?
285.
Write down the types of water hardness.
286.
Write down the causes of water hardness.
287.
How washing soda softens water?
288.
How temporary hardness of water can be removed by Clark’s method?
289.
How temporary hardness of water can be removed by heating process?
290.
Which salts can cause water hardness?
291.
How sodium zeolite softens water?
292.
Write down two methods of removing permanent hardness of water.
293.
What is meant by boiler scales? How can they be removed?
294.
Write down two disadvantages of temporary hard water.
295.
Write down the disadvantages of hard water.
296.
What is meant by water pollution?
297.
Why pesticides are used?
298.
Describe the effects of industrial effluents.
299.
What is industrial waste?
300.
What is the function of fertilizer?
301.
Describe the effects of water pollution.
302.
What is meant by leaching process?
303.
How pesticides can cause water pollution?
304.
What is the difference between biodegradeable and non biodegradeable substances?
305.
Describe the chemistry of swimming pool cleanliness.
306.
What is meant by hepatitis?
307.
Define water borne diseases.
308.
Write the names of four water borne diseases.
309.
What is the cause of cholera? Why is it fatal?
310.
What is jaundice? Write down its symptoms.
311.
Write about cryptosporidium.
312.
What is meant by fluorosis?
313.
What are dysentery and typhoid?
314.
What is meant by metallurgy?
315.
Write the names and formulae of two copper ores.
316.
Write down the difference between minerals and ores.
317.
What is meant by minerals?
318.
Define ores.
319.
Define gang.
320.
What is the difference between slag and matte?
321.
Explain the concentration of ores.
322.
What is gravity separation?
323.
What is meant by froth floatation?
324.
What is meant by electromagnetic separation?
325.
Which chemical reaction takes place during the formation of metallic copper in bessemerization
process?
326.
What is meant by roasting? Write its chemical reaction with respect to copper metal.
327.
What is meant by smelting?
328.
How metal is extracted from concentrated ore?
329.
What is meant by bessemerization process?
330.
How slag is formed in smelting process?
331.
What is meant by anode mud and blister copper?
332.
Write briefly the significance of metals.
333.
Write compounds of the elements responsible for brown, blonde and red colour of hairs.
334.
Write down the role of technology in the preparation of common chemicals.
335.
Write the names of raw materials used in Solvay’s process.
336.
What is meant by calcinations?
337.
What is formed when ammonium carbamate is heated with steam?
338.
Draw the flow chart diagram of Solvay’s process for the preparation of sodium carbonate.
339.
How CO2 is prepared in Solvay’s process?
340.
Which raw materials are required for the preparation of sodium carbonate?
341.
How ammonical brine is prepared?
342.
How does carbonation of ammonical brine is carried out?
343.
Write the reaction of preparation of ammonia in the Solvay’s process.
344.
Write the preparation of ammonia in Solvay’s process.
345.
How ammonia is prepared in Haber’s process?
346.
Write the names of two raw materials used in the preparation of urea.
347.
Describe the method of granulation of urea.
348.
What is meant by natural fertilizer?
349.
What is the percentage amount of nitrogen in urea? Write the formula of urea.
350.
Write down two uses of urea.
351.
Define petroleum.
352.
What is the method of fractional distillation?
353.
What is the principle of fractional distillation?
354.
What is meant by refining of petroleum?
355.
Write down two uses of petroleum ether.
356.
Write down the uses of diesel oil.
357.
Write down the names of two fractions obtained from petrol.
358.
Write the uses of gasoline.
359.
Which petroleum fraction is not used in dry cleaning?
360.
Write down two uses of petroleum gas.
361.
Write down two uses of fuel oil.