Multiplication

a n d Division

CHAPTER
4
numbers witho
MULTIPLICATION of5 or 6 digit
multiplication and lean
learnt the in this chapter
class we have
methods

In our previous
the same
shall apply
(carrying). We
or with regrouping
more about multiplication.
in Class IV.
tables upto 15 multiplication table
multiplication below
We have
learnt 20. VWe give
tables upto
multiplication
extend the
Let us
18 19 20
of H to 20. 16 17
14 15
12 13 18 19 20
X 16 17
14 15
12 13
36 38 40
32 34
28 30
24 26 57 60
2 22 5 54
45 48
39 42 76 80
3 33 36 68 72
60 64
52 56 95 100
44 48 90
4
75 80 85
65 70 20
5 55 60 08 14
96 102
78 84 90
72 126 133 140
66 I19
05 112
98 160
84 144 152
128 136
I14 112 120
8 88 96 162 171 180
135 144 153
g9 08 127 126 190 200
9
160 170 180
20 130 140 150
10 I10
of multiplication.
important properties
NOWwerecapitulate some
of numbers
not change, when the order
he product of two numbers does
changed, e.g.,
503x 23 = 23 x 503
15x 12 = 12x 15;
1418 x 315 = 315 x 1418; 530019 x 12 1 2 x 530019

30 MATHEMATICS-V
 Note
is called commutative property of multiplication.
This property
of numbers
2. The product of three numbers does not change, when the grouping
is changed, eg
(15 x 18) x 10 15 x (18 x 10) (15 x 10) x 18
=

x 12
(423 x 12) x 25 423 x (12 x 25) = (123 x 25)

Note
This property is called associative property of multiplication.
wwwwuuuuwuuuuuuuwun

3. The product of a number and I is the number itself, e.g.,

819x= 819; 1513xI 1513 =

17509xI= 17509; 319814xI = 319814

Note
This property is called identity property of multiplication and the integer I is called the
identity element of multiplication.
-----

4. The product of a number and 0 is 0, e.g

403 x 0 = 0x 403 = 0
18 x0 0x 18 =0;
2917 x 0 = 0x 2917 = 0;
718205 x 0 0 x 718205 =
0
5. The product of a number by the sum of two numbers is equal to the sum of
the products of that number by the two numbers separately, e.g.,
123 x (105 + 48) = 123 x 105 + 123 x 488

and 410x (24 +519) = 410 x 24 + 410 x 519

NoTCNote
This property is called distributive property of multiplication over addition.
--------

Now let us review the product of a number by tens and hundreds.

For example, 23 x 10 = 230

504 x 30 = 15120 Put as many zeros in
the product as in the
18x l00= 1800 multiplier. Then multiply
by the non-zero part of
12x 500= 6000 the multiplier.

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION 3

 Similarly,
25 x l000- 25000p
143x 7000= 100l000
Nowwe solve belowa few examples.
write the number sentence.
Example l. Multiply 26718 by 83 and
Solution. 2 67 I8
X8 3
Add the products
8 0 5 4 of 3 and 80.

2 3 7 4 4 0
2 21 7 59 4
Number sentence: 26718 x 83 2217594
write the number of the product.
Example 2. Multiply 37842 by 306 and
name

3 7 8 4 2
Solution. 3 7 8 4 2
X 3 0 6
2 2 7 0 5 2 X 3 0 6
We can avoid
0 0 0 0 0 0 multiplication by
2 2 70 52
3 5 2 6 0 0 zero. I 3 5 2 6 00 0
II5 7 9 6 5 2 I I 5 796 5 2

Number name of the product = One crore fifteen lakh seventy nine thousand
six hundred fifty two.
2583.
Example 3. Multiply 5318 by
Solution. The expanded form of 2583 is:
2583 2000+500 +80 +3

5318 (2000 + 500 + 80 + 3)

5318 x 2583 x
5318 x 80 +5318 x3
5318 500 +
5318 x 2000 + x
15954
= 10636000 + 2659000 + 425440+
= 13736394

We do it like this:
Add all
5 3 8 the partial
products.
2 5 8 3
I59 5 4 (5318 x 3)
42 5 4 4 0 (5318 x 80)
2 6 5 90 0 0 (5318 x 500)
(5318 x 2000)
I 3 7 3 6 39 (5318 x 2583)
4
32 MATHEMATICS-V
 Example 4. Using 7825 x 200 1565000, find (a) 7825 x 201 (b) 7826 x 200
Solution (a) 7825 x 201 7825 x (200 +1)
7825x 200+7825xI
1565000 + 7825 1572825
(b)7826x 200= (7825+1) x 200
7825
x 200 + I x 200
=1565000+200 1565200
Example 5. Fill in the boxes:
26 8 9 4
x O
I3 4 7 0
8 68 20
420
Solution. 2 68 9 4 Think!
x 3 5 4x? = 0

I3 4 4 7 0 decide between 0 and 5

4x? 2
80 68 20 decide between 8 and 3
9 41 290

d
EXERCISE-I4
1.Multiplythe following:
(a) 95637 by 100 (b) 3069I by 1000 (c) 48256 x 300
2. Find the product in each case:
(a) 5613 x 0 (b) 8965329 x I (c) 1230567 x 10
3 (d) 41570 x 100 x I (e) 7896 x 0 x 523 (f) 49625 x Ix 4000
Multiply and write the number sentence:
3. 425629x8 4. 730245x 9

Multiply:
5. 98654 x 48 6. 78907x 27 7. 46219x 263
8. 234567 x 173 9. 7829 x 450 10. 73906 x 405
I1. 72809x 365 12. 4319x 2300 13. 4223 x 3809
Multiply and write the product in words:

14. 5063x 4026 15. 3576 x 9046 16. 27694 x 3186

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION 33

Example 4. Using 7825 x 200 = 1565000, find (a) 7825 x 201 (b) 7826 X 200

Solution. (a) 7825 x 201 7825 x (200+ 1)

7825 x 200+ 7825 xI
1565000+ 7825= 1572825
(b)7826 x 200 (7825 + 1) x 200
=7825 x 200 + Ix 200
1565000 + 200 1565200
Example5. Fill in the boxes:

2 68 9 4

3 4 70
8 6 8 2 0
42 0
Solution. 2 6 8 9 4 Thinkl
x 3 5 4x? = 0
decide between 0 and 5
I3 4 4 7 0 4x? 2
80 6 8 20 decide between 8 and 3

941 2 9 0

EXERCISE-I4
L. Multiply the following:
1000 (c) 48256 x 300
(a) 95637 by 100 (b) 30691 by
2. Find the product in each case:
(a) 5613 x 0 (b) 8965329 x I (c) 1230567 x 10
I (e) 7896 x 0x 523 f) 49625 x Ix 4000
(d) 41570x 100 x

Multiply and write the number sentence:

3. 425629 x 8 4. 730245 x 9

Multiply: 7. 46219x 263

5. 98654x 48 6. 78907x 27
9. 7829x 450 10. 73906 x 405
8. 234567 x 173
12. 4319x 2300 13. 4223 x 3809
I1. 72809x 365
write the product in words:
Multiply and
15. 3576 x 9046 l6. 27694 x 3186
14. 5063x 4026

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION 33

 17. Using 82946 x 499=41390054, find
(a) 82947 x 499 (b) 82946x 498 (c) 82945 x 499
18. Fill in the boxes:

(a) 3 9 5 29 (b) 45 6 7 8
x O x

2 774 2 4 6 8
3 6 3 20 9 5 6
399 4 4 6
7
7 8
5 5 4 8

WORD PROBLEMS ON MULTIPLICATION

Example l. There are 42376 bags of wheat in a godown. If each bag weighs 98 kg, find
the total weight of these bags. Write the number sentence.

Solution. 4 2 3 7 6
x 98
Multiply 42376
3 39 0 08 by 98.
3 8 I3 8 40
4I 5 2 8 4 8

Total weight of wheat = 4152848 kg.

Number sentence: 42376 x 98 4152848

Example 2. The cost of a chair is 1980, 50 P. Find the cost of such 85 chairs.
Solution. Here we multiply 1980, 50 P by 85.

I9 8 0 5 0
edl9 8 0 5 0
x8 5
0004 X 85 Multiply like
9 9 02 5 0
99 0 2 5 0 this
I 58 44 0 0
5 8 4 40 00
I6 8 3 4 2 5 0
I68 3 4 2 5 0e
C o s t of 85 chairs = R168342.50
 EXERCISE-15
I. There are 637 schools in a district. If the number of students in each school is 4031,
find the total number of students in the district.
2. A milk depot sells 4585 litres milk daily. How much milk will it sell in
one year (365 days)? Write the number sentence.
3. There are 3218 heaps of marbles. Each heap contains 4529 marbles.
How many marbles are there? Write the number sentence.
4. A factory produces 2530900 pens in a month. 144 pens are packed in
a carton. There are I7608 cartons in the
factory. How many more pens
should it produce to fill these cartons?
5. A bag of sugar weighs I05 kg. Find the total weight of sugar in 9568
bags.
6. The price of a sofa set is 32536, 90P. Find the total cost of 196 sofa sets.
7. There are 4525 boxes of soaps. Each box contains 350 soaps. How many soaps are
there?
8. There are 298 boxes of nails. A box has 125 packets each containing 2560 nails.
How many nails are there?
9. Find the continued product and write the result in words:
(a) 535 x 608 x 90 (b) 3729 x 57 x 12

DIVISION
In our previous class we have learnt the division of a 6-digit number by a I-digit
or a 2-digit number. In this class we shall divide a number having more than
6-digits by any number. Before taking up the division sums, let us first review the
important properties of division.
. When a number is divided by itself, the quotient is I, e.g
25 2 5 = l; 309 309 = I
5623+5623 I; 1001 1001 =
2. When a number is divided by 1, the quotient is the number itself, eg.,
39I = 39; 529 I = 529
7305 I=7305; 2302I =23021
3. When 0 is divided by a non-zero number, the quotient is zero, e.g.
0 35 = 0; 0 511 = 0

0 2037 = 0; mer 0 22022 0

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVIsION 35

 4. Divisor x quotient + remainder= dividend.
Let us now solve some examples.

DIVISION BY A 2-DIGIT NUMBER

Example I. Divide 5378091 by 35 and find the quotient and remainder.
Solution. I 536 59 Quotient
35 5 378091
-3 5
I87
-I75
28 I know the
method of dividin9
-105 a 6-digit number
2 30 by a 2-digit
- 210 number so I can

209 do it myself.

I75
3 4
- 3I5
Remainder 26

Quotient = 153659; Remainder = 26

Check: Divisor x quotient + remainder = dividend

35 x 153659 + 26 = 5378065 + 26 5378091

DIVISION BY A 3-DIGIT NUMBER

Example 2. Divide 34705826 by 429 and find the quotient and remainder.
Solution. Explanation:
Step1. The divisor consists of three digits, so we consider the numbe
formed by three digits on the extreme left side of the dividend, ie
347.
But 429 > 347, so we take up the number consisting of four digt
on the extreme left of the dividend, ie, 3470. Our first dividend
therefore, becomes 3470.
429 x 8 = 3432, 429x 9 3861
3432< 3470 and 3861 > 3470
. 29 goes into 3470, eight times.
We write 8 in the quotient above the last digit of the number 34/
and subtract 3432 from 3470.
3470 3432 = 38, so the remainder is 38.

36 MATHEMATICS-V
 Divisor 80899 Quotient
429) 3 47058 26 Dividend
-3 432
3 858
3 432
4262
- 3 86 1
The rernainder at every
4016 step would be less than
3 861 the divisor.
Remainder 55
Step 2. We bring down the next digit, i.e, 5 from the dividend and write it
on the right side of the
remainder, i.e, 38. The dividend becomes
385. But 385 is less than
429. We write 0 on the right side of the
digit 8 in the quotient and bring down the next digit, ie, 8 from
the dividend and write it the of 385
on right so that the dividend
becomes 3858.
429 x 9= 3861; 429 x 8 3432 In practice
we don't draw
3861> 3858 and 3432< 3858
arrows
. 429 goes into 3858, eight times.
We write the digit 8 on the
right of 80 in the quotient and subtract
3432 from 3858.
3858 3432 426, the
=
so
remainder this time is 426.
Now repeat the same steps,
we get Quotient 80899, Remainder
=
= 155.

DIVISION BY A 4-DIGIT NUMBER

Example 3. Divide 129063516 by 2613 and verify your answer.

4939 2
Solution. 2613 1 290635 I 6
-I045 2
2 4 5 43
- 235I 7
0265
-

78 3 9
2 4 261 ono
- 2 3 5 17
74 46
- 5 226
obro 2 220

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION 37

 Verification:
We know that
dividend
remainder
DIVisor x quotient +
2613 x 49392+2220= 129061296 +2220= 12906360

EXERCISE-16

Divide and find the quotient and remainder:

I. 357061 by 16 2. 7280235 by 79

3 4093274 by 63 4. 3018023 by 125

5. 42098l6 by 235 6. 40923021 by 527

7. 52829003 by 615 8. 5013812 by 4218
9 2083506 by 3485 10. 23062459 by 5908
Divide and check the answer:
I1. 9200102 by 825

12. 83209612 by 4716

13. Find the dividend when divisor = 2018, quotient = |403 and remainder =906.

WORD PROBLEMS ON DIVISION

Example I. Ashop collected 35155220 by selling 4105 mobile phones. Find the cos
I mobile phone. Write the solution sentence.
856 4
Solution. 4105 3 5155220 Divide 35155220
-3 28 4 0
by 4105 to find
23 5 2 the answer.
- 20525

26272
2 4630
164200
I6 42 0
0

Solution sentence: Cost of

I mobile
Example2. What should be
phone R8564
subtracted from 6391807 so that the
divisible by 4205? result
Solution. First we divide
639l807 by 4205 and find the
remainder.
38 MATHEMATICS-V
 5 20
4205 6 391807
-4205
21868 Remainder is
-21 02 5 the answer
8 430
8 410
207 The number to be subtracted = 207
Example 3. In a garden, there are 403354 plants in 329 rows. If each row has the same
number of plants, how many plants there in l15 rows?
are
Solution. First we find the number of plants in each row by dividing 403354 by 321.
The quotient is then
multiplied by I15 to get the number of plants.
1226
I226
329 4 03 354 xI15
-329 6130
7 43
6 5 8 12260
855 1 22600
658
1974 I40990
Number of plants - I 9 74 Total number of plants
in one row = 1226. 0 in l15 rows = 140990

Example 4. A farmer collected 5780625 apples. He found 625 apples rotten. How many
boxes will he require to pack the good ones if each box can hold maximum
400 apples?
Solution. Apples collected 5780625, Rotten apples = 625
Good apples = 5780625 625 = 5780000

I4 45 0
400 5 7 80000
-4 00
1780 Divide the
- I 6 00 number of good
apples by 400.
800
- I 6 00

2000
- 200 0
. Boxes required = |4450
tly

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION 39

 EXERCISE-17

numbers is 712, find the

If one of the
is 1520120.
1 The product of two numbers

other. as quotient. What

was the
obtained y29
number and
Ruchi divided
4I42853 by a
visited the zoo each
divisor? How many persons
zoo in 257 days.
visited a
3. 1669215 persons
one car?
for booking
day? R6637875. What did he pay
125 cars for for Prime Minister
4. A dealer booked collected
equally1510784
school of students
class V of a if the number
5. The students of collected by
each s t u d e n t

Relief Fund. Find

the a m o u n t
is 638. s h a r e h o l d e r s . If the
value of each share
from its
collectedI9738500

6. A company issued?
many shares
were
almirahs. Each
is250, how books are kept in
l601985 books. The
book store there are almirahs are required to
7. In a
803 books. How many
almirah has a capacity of holding
keep the books? are there in a
How many apples
in 1208 boxes.
8. 392600 apples are packed equally
box? chairs in one
realised R8154624 by selling
9. The cost of a chair is F1536. A company
chairs w e r e sold?
year. Hovw many litres. How much
depot was |422405
the total sale of a milk
10. In one year (365 days)
milk does it sell everyday?
493?
to 780629 so that the sum is exactly divisible by
I1. What should be added
2915.
nearest to 8888888
which are exactly divisible by
12. Find two numbers
How many bulbs did it
ll88440 bulbs in one year (365 days).
13. A factory produced
produce in the month of August?
651652 oranges of another
475812 oranges of one kind and
14. A farmer produced did he
and packed in 296 boxes. How many oranges
kind. He mixed these oranges
pack in a box?
found rotten and the
bought |490825 bananas. If l03 bananas
were
15. A fruit seller basket.
529 baskets, find the number of bananas in each
remaining were packed in
at R18925 each. From this money he bought
625
16. Ravinder sold 825 refrigerators
T.V. sets. Find the price of each T.V. set.

sold 2568 goats at R569 each. With this money he bought one motorcycle
17, A man

for 66792 and some sheep. If the price of one sheep is T840, how many sheep
did he buy?

MATHEMATICS-V

40
ESTIMATING THE PRODUCT AND THE QUOTIENT
We have learnt the rounding off a number to a certain place. Here we shall round off the
given numbers and find the estimated product and quotient.
Example l. Find the actual and estimated product of 1235 x 893
Actual Product Estimated Product
Solution.
2 3 5 I2 0 0
Round off to
x893 the nearest x90 0
3 7 05 hundreds. I 0 8 0 0 00
I I5 0
9 8 8 0 0 0
0 2 85 5
Example 2. A car costs 382016. Estimate the cost of such 9 cars.

Solution Estimated cost of I car = 400000

We do not round
Estimated cost of 9 cars = 400000 x9 off 1-digit number
= 3600000
Example 3. Estimate the quotient:
(a) 1985175
(b) 320715 8973

Solution. (a) 1985 175 rounds to 2000 200 10

To solve this, we think of 20 2 2) 20
-20
The estimated quotient = 10 0 33

9000
9 300
(b) 320715 8973 rounds to 300000
-27

To solve this, we think of 300 9 30

- 27

The estimated quotient is 33.

Remainder is 3

ignored.

Example 4. The cost of 18 watches is 17982. What is the estimated cost of a watch?
Solution. Cost of I watch = 7 (17982 + 18)

17982 18 rounds to 20000 20

We think of 20002
Quotient is 1000
I watch is 1000.
Estimated cost of

MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION

 EXERCISE-18
Estimate the following
products:
I. 5918 x 310 2. 123 x 4806 3. 925 x 790
A man
earns
938 every day. Estimate his earnings for the month of February
T h e cost of a chair is 478. Estimate the
money Rita should have to buy 189 chai-
. Vinit sells 527 stickers every
day. Estimate the number of stickers he will sell
4 months (January to April).
Estimate the quotient:
7. 1825 27
8. 685910 7312
.29 bags of wheat weigh 2871 kg. Estimate the weight of bag of wheat. I
10. Karuna
paid a total of R 618927 for 2929 books. Estimate the
price paid by Karurm
for a book.

CHALLENGES
.The weight of a box is 136 kg 58
g. Find the weight of such 256 boxes.
2. The cost of 24 articles is 7
652, 8 P. Find the cost of one article.
3. Find out
3-digit numbers, the sum of whose digits is to the equal product of the digits.

THINK
It takes 30 minutes for 2 shirts to get dry in the sun. How long will it take to
dry in the sun? get 3 shirts-

Do you know?
1. The following
the only examples of
are
multiplication where all the digits from
I to 9 have been used without
repetition.
(a) 4x 1738 = 6952 (b) 4x 1963 7852 (c) 12 x 483 5796
(d) 42x 138 5796 (e) 18 x 297 5346 (f) 27x I198 5346
(g) 39x 186 7254 (h) 48 x 159 = 7632 () 28 x 157 =4396
2. The number of
digits in the product of any two numbers cannot be more than
the sum of the number of digits of the
multiplier and the multiplicand.

42 MATHEMATICS-V