CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. /Ms __________________________________________________________

of class FE Div _____ Roll No._____ Examination Seat No./PRN No.___________________________

has completed all the practical work in the Basic Electronics Engineering[104010] satisfactorily, as

prescribed by Savitribai Phule Pune University , Pune in the academic year 20 - 20 (Semester I /II)

Course In-charge Head of Department Principal

Date:
 FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

INDEX
Planne Marks
Date of Date of Sign of
SN Title of experiment d Date Obtained
performance Submission Faculty
(10)
Electronic Components: Study of Active and
Passive components
a) Resistors (Fixed & Variable),
1
b) Capacitors (Fixed & Variable)
c) Inductors, d) Devices such Diode, BJT,
MOSFETs, e) Switches & Relays
Measurements using various measuring
equipment’s: a) Set up CRO and function
2 generator b) Obtain the phase shift between
to signals c) Measure voltage, resistance
using digital multimeter.
V-I characteristics of:
a) P-N Junction Diode (Study the datasheet
3 of typical PN junction diode 1N 400X)
b) Zener Diode (Study the datasheet of
typical Zener diode 1N 4148)
Rectifier circuits: a) Implement half , full
4 wave and bridge rectifier using diodes b)
Observe the effect of capacitor filter on rectifier
output
Frequency response of MOSFET:
5 a) To plot frequency response of BJT
amplifier. b) To plot frequency response of
MOSFET amplifier.
Linear applications of Op-amp:
6 Build inverting and non-inverting amplifier
using op-amp (Study the datasheet of typical Op-
Amp 741)
Test and verify the truth tables of:
7 a) Basic and Universal Gates
b) Half / Full Adder c) RS/JK/T/D flip flop
8 Study of transducers : (Any 3)
Build and test any circuit using
9 BJT/MOSFET/Op-Amp/Logic Gates
using any one sensor.
Case Study of any one electronics appliances
10
with block diagram, specification etc.

Name & Signature of Course In-charge

2 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

 FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Name of the Student: ______________________________________ Roll no: ___

CLASS: - F.E Division:_______ Course: - BXE
Experiment No. 1:
Electronic Components: Study of Active and Passive components

Marks: /10

Date of Performance: Sign/ with

/20
Date

AIM : Study of Active and Passive electronic components

 Objectives:
1. To study different types of resistors,capacitors and inductors
2. To study Diode, BJT, MOSFETs
3. To study Switches & Relays

 Outcomes: On completion the students will be able

1. Identify and calculate the values of resistors, capacitors and inductors
2. Identify Diode, BJT, MOSFETs
3. Identify Switches & Relays and understand their working

 PEOs ,POs, PSOs and COs satisfied

PEOs: POs: PSOs: Cos:
 Apparatus: Digital Multi-meter.

Components: Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Transformers, Switches, Connecting wires, etc.

Theory:
1) Resistors
An electric resistor is a two-terminal passive component specifically used to oppose and limit current.
A resistor works on the principle of Ohm’s Law which states that voltage across the terminals of a
resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it.

3 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Ohm’s Law: V = IR where V is the voltage applied across resistor, I is the current
flowing through it, and R is the constant called resistance. The unit of
resistance is ohms.
Color Coding

2) Capacitors

A capacitor is a passive two terminal component which stores electric charge. This component
consists of two conductors which are separated by a dielectric medium. The potential difference when
applied across the conductors polarizes the dipole ions to store the charge in the dielectric medium.
The circuit symbol of a capacitor is shown below:

The capacitance or the potential storage by the capacitor is measured in Farads which is symbolized
as ‘F’. One Farad is the capacitance when one coulomb of electric charge is stored in the conductor on
the application of one volt potential difference.

3 Inductor

An inductor is a passive electrical component that can store energy in a magnetic field created by the
electric current passing through it. An inductor's ability to store magnetic energy is measured by its
inductance, in units of Henries.
4 Transformers
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through
inductively coupled electrical conductors. A changing current in the first circuit (the primary) creates a
changing magnetic field. This changing magnetic field induces a changing voltage in the second
circuit (the secondary). This effect is called mutual induction.
5 Switches
In electronics, a switch is an electrical component which can break an electrical circuit, interrupting
the current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The most familiar form of switch is a
manually operated electromechanical device with one or more sets of electrical contacts. Each set of

4 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

contacts can be in one of two states: either 'closed' meaning the contacts are touching and electricity
can flow between them, or 'open', meaning the contacts are separated and non-conducting Contacts.

 Observation Table

 Measurement of Resistance by color-coding

Sr.
1st 2nd 3rd Resistance with Resistance
No Range of Resistance
Band Band Band Tolerance measured on DMM
.
1
2
3
4
5

 Calculations:-

 Conclusion:-

A. Write short answer of following questions : (4-5 Max)

1. How to find the value of resistor by using color code?
2. How to measure the resistance value of resistor by using digital multimeter?
3. How to find the value of capacitor by using color code?
4. What are the different types of resistors?
5. List the Active and passive components.

5 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

 FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING
Name of the Student: ______________________________________ Roll no: ___
CLASS: - F.E Division:_______ Course: - BXE
Experiment No. 02
**TO STUDY OF ELECTRONIC MEASURING INSTRUMENTS**

Marks: /10
Date of Performance: Sign with Date
/ /20

Aim : To study different electronics measuring instruments

a) Measure voltage, resistance using digital multimeter set up CRO and function generator for
measurement of voltage, frequency
b) Obtain the phase shift between to signals using CRO with the help of Lissagous
pattern.

Objective: Understand the Importance of measurement and use of digital multimeter & CRO.

Outcomes: At the end of this experiment students should be able to:

1. To measure voltage using digital multimeter.
2. To measure voltage using CRO.
3. To know the different controls of DMM.
4. To know the different controls of CRO.
5. To measure AC & DC voltage and current.
PEOs ,POs, PSOs and COs satisfied:
PEOs: II POs: PSOs: 1 COs:4

Theory: a)To study different controls of DMM and measurement of parameters like AC and
DC voltage, current
APPARATUS: Digital multimeter,Diode,resistor,transistor,wires.

Front Panel of DMM:

1) Display: 3 1/2 digit liquid crystal display maximum reading of 1999.

6 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

2) DC Voltage: Range 200mv, 2v, 20v, 200v, 1000v

3) AC voltage: Range 200mv, 2v, 20v, 200v, 750v

4) Battery: Battery life 200 hours.

5)DC current:Range 200uA,2mA,20mA,200mA,1000mA.

6) Resistance: Range 200Ω, 2kΩ, 20kΩ,200kΩ,2M Ω,200MΩ.

7) Diode Test: Forward bias and reverse bias test.

8) Input terminal (mA - 10mA): To measure current.

9) Input terminal (VΩ): To measure voltage.

10) Input terminal (COM): Common terminal to measure all the parameter

PROCEDURE:

A) Measurement of AC, DC voltage & current.

1) Voltage Measurement

1) Connect red test lead to “V-V”input terminal and black test lead to“COM” input terminal.
2) Set Function/Range switch to desired voltage type (DC or AC) and range. If magnitude of voltage
is not known, set switch to the highest range and reduce until a satisfactory reading is obtained.
3) Turn off power to the device or circuit being tested.
4) Connect test leads to the device or circuit being measured.
5) Turn on power to the device or circuit being measured. Voltage value will appear on the digital
display along with the voltage polarity.
6) Turn off power to the device or circuit being tested prior to disconnecting test leads.

2) Current Measurement

1) Connect red test lead to the “mA” input terminal for current measurements up to 200 mill
amperes. Connect black lead to the COM input terminal.
2) Set Function/Range switch to desired current type (DC or AC) and range. If magnitude of current
is not known, set switch to the highest range and reduce until a satisfactory reading is obtained.
3) Turn off power to the device or circuit being tested.

7 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

4) Open the circuit in which current is to be measured. Now securely connect test leads in series with
the load in which current is to be measured.
5) Turn on power to the device or circuit being tested.
6) Read current value on digital display.
7) Turn off all power to the device or circuit being tested.
8) Disconnect test leads from circuit and reconnect circuit that was being tested.
9) For current measurement of 200mA or greater, connect the red test lead to “20 A” input terminal &
black test lest lead to the “COM” input terminal.
3) Resistance Measurements

1) Connect red test lead to V-V input terminal and black test lead to COM input terminal.
2) Set Function/Range switch to desired V position. If magnitude of resistance is not known, set the
switch to highest range and reduce until a satisfactory reading is obtained.
3) If the resistance being measured is part of a circuit, turn off power to the circuit.
4) Connect test leads to the device or circuit being measured.
5) Read resistance value on digital display.
4) Continuity Test
1) Set Range Switch to “V Ω mA” and Black lead to COM input terminal.
2) Set Range Switch to “:)))” position.
3) Connect test lead to Two points of Circuit to be tested.
If the resistance is lower than 30Ω + or – 20 Ω the buzzer will be sound.
B.To study controls of CRO, Measurements of frequency, phase, AC & DC Voltages.
APPARATUS: Signal Generator, CRO, CRO probes, ac/dc sources, connecting
Wires, etc.

Measurement of Different Parameters:

1) Frequency Measurement:

1. Connect the signal from the signal generator to the Y-input/X-input.

2. Adjust the time base generator switch (time/div) to get a steady pattern of the signal on
the CRO screen.
3. Measure the time interval T for one cycle.
4. Determine the frequency F of the signal (F=l/T )

8 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

5. Repeat the same procedure for different frequencies.

2) AC voltage measurement:

1. Adjust the beam to certain reference level

2. Keep AC/DC selector switch on DC position.
3. Apply test voltage to CRO input.
4. Measure the shift of beam from reference level.
6. Calculate D.C. Voltage  No. of divisions on y – axis x Volts/Div.
7. Note down the reading.
3) DC voltage measurement:

1. Keep AC/DC selector switch on AC position.

2. Apply AC voltage from signal generator to CRO input.
3. Measure no. of divisions on y – axis.
4. Calculate A.C. Voltage  No. of divisions on y – axis x Volts/Div.

Write answers for following.

1 Draw the block diagram of CRO.

2 Write down the application of CRO.
3 Write down the steps for testing component using CRO
4 Write a short note on importance of measuring instrument in electronics.
5 Write down the application of DMM & Function generator in electronics

9 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

 FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Name of the Student: ______________________________________ Roll no: ___

CLASS: - F.E. Division:_______ Course: - BXE
Experiment No. 03
**V-I CHARACTERISTICS OF:P-N JUNCTION DIODE & ZENER DIODE **

Marks: /10
Date of Performance: Sign with Date
/ /20

Aim : V-I characteristics of:

a) P-N Junction Diode (Study the datasheet of typical PN junction diode 1N 400X)
b) Zener Diode (Study the datasheet of typical Zener diode 1N 4148)

Objectives:
1. Design the circuit diagram.
2. Draw the characteristics curve.
3. Determine the DC forward resistance.
Outcomes: At the end of this experiment students should be able to:
1. To draw the circuit diagram of FB&RB of P-N Junction Diode& Zener Diode.
2. To draw characteristics curve of FB&RB of P-N Junction Diode& Zener Diode.
PEOs ,POs, PSOs and COs satisfied:
PEOs: II POs: i,ii,iii,iv, v, ix and xii PSOs: 1 COs:4

Apparatus: 1.Voltmeter or Digital Multimeter

2.    Ammeter
3.    Bread Board
4.     Diodes (Ge-IN34, Si-4007)
5.    Resistors 1k
6.    0 - 30 V dc power supply
A: V-I Characteristics of Semiconductor Diode

10 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Theory:
In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electric component that conducts electric current in only one
direction. The term usually refers to a semiconductor diode, the most common type today, which is a
crystal of semiconductor connected to two electrical terminals. Today most diodes are made of silicon,
but other semiconductors such as germanium are sometimes used.
                                       
Forward Bias Circuit Diagram

Result  Table (Ge, Si)

Vsource(Volts)          Vd (Volts)         Id(mA)

0.5V
1V
1.5V
2V
2.5V
3V
3.5
4V
4.5V
5V

Expected I-V characteristics:-

11 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

 FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

B: V-I Characteristics of Zener Diode

 Objective:-
1.      Design the circuit diagram
2.      Take the reading and draw the characteristics curve
3.      Determine the DC forward and Reverse  resistance.
4.      Determine the  Zener Voltage (Vz)

Equipments required:-

1.    Voltmeter or Digital multimeter

2.    Amp meter
3.    Bread Board
4.    Zener Diodes
5.    Resistors 1k
6.    0 - 30 V dc power supply

Theory:-

A Zener diode is a type of diode that permits current not only in the forward direction like a normal
diode, but also in the reverse direction if the voltage is larger than the breakdown voltage known as
"Zener knee voltage" or "Zener voltage". The forward characteristic of the zener diode is same as that
of a pn  junction diode i.e. as the applied potential increases the current increases exponentially.
Applying a negative potential to the anode and positive potential to the cathode reverse biases the

12 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

zener diode. As the reverse bias increases, the current increases rapidly in a direction opposite to that
of the positive voltage region. Thus under reverse bias condition breakdown occurs.
  
Forward  Bias Circuit Diagram

Reverse Bias Circuit Diagram

Result Table (Forward Bias)

V source(Volts)          Vd(Volts)         Id(mA)

0.5V
1V
1.5V
2V
2.5V
3V
3.5
4V
4.5V
5V

Reverse Bias

13 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

V source(Volts)          Vd(Volts)         Id(mA)

1V
2V
3V
4V
5V
6V
7V
8V
9V
10V

Expected I-V characteristics (Forward Bias):-

Expected I-V Characteristics (Reverse bias):-

14 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Conclusions:

Write answers for the following.

1 What is the difference between p-n Junction diode and zener diode?
2. What is break down voltage?
3. What are the applications of Zener diode?
4. What is application of zener diode? Explain in detail
5. What is application of PN junction diode? Explain in detail

15 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

 FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Name of the Student: ______________________________________ Roll no: ___

CLASS: - F.E. Division:_______ Course: - BXE
Experiment No. 04
**IMPLEMENT HALF WAVE, FULL WAVE AND BRIDGE RECTIFIER USING DIODES **

Marks: /10
Date of Performance: Sign with Date
/ /20

AIM: Regulated power supply using Bridge Rectifier, capacitor filter and three terminal regulators:
a. Identify pins of rectifier Diode (such as 1N4001) and study of its data sheet
specifications.
b. Identify pins of Three Pin Regulator (such as LM 78XX or LM 79XX) and study of its
data sheet specifications.
c. To measure voltages and observe waveforms at transformer secondary, output of
Bridge Rectifier, output of Regulator.
 Objectives:
1. Design the circuit diagram of Bridge Rectifier.
2. Draw the input and output voltage waveform.

 Outcomes: On completion the students will be able

1. To draw circuit diagram of Bridge Rectifier.
2. To measure voltages at transformer secondary, output of Bridge Rectifier.
3. To draw the input and output voltage waveforms.

APPARATUS: Diode [1N4001],Transformer [12-0-12], Bridge rectifier circuit, capacitor

THEORY:
a) Rectifier Diode 1N4001
Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the
direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a valve and early diodes
were actually called valves.

b)To measure voltages and observe waveforms at transformer secondary, output

of Bridge Rectifier.

16 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Theory:
Block Diagram

Regulator is a circuit which gives a constant DC output voltage as per the required design. The
regulator has following main block.
1. Transformer
2. Rectifier
3. Filter
4. Regulator
Transformer: The incoming AC voltage is applied to transformer this step down the voltage as per
the transformer voltage.
Rectifier: The transformed voltage is fed to rectifier which converts the AC voltage to a rectified
(pulsating) DC voltage. The bridge rectifiers used to convert AC voltage to DC voltage.
Filter: the rectified waveform (voltage) is applied to filter that smoothes out the variation or ripple in
the rectified waveform. Here we are using capacitor filter.
Regulator: Filters can eliminate most, but not all, all the ripples in a signal Therefore output of a filter
is a DC quantity with a small residual AC component superimposed on it. This ripple or AC
component is suppressed by using regulator IC. Here we are using IC7805 to get DC regulated voltage
of +5V.
Circuit Diagram:

17 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Fig. Full Wave Bridge Rectifier with Capacitor Filter

A 5V output voltage supply system using full wave bridge rectifier, capacitor filter and IC regulator
7805 is shown in figure. The A.C. line voltage is 230V which is step down to 15V using transformer.
A full wave rectifier along with the capacitor voltage provides the unregulated voltage input to IC7805
regulator. Thin input contains a.c. ripple of few volts. The IC7805 regulator provides regulated output
voltage of 5V as shown in figure.
PROCEDURE:
1. Built the circuit as shown in figure.
2. Apply 230 V, 50 Hz AC signal to the primary of transformer.
3. Measure voltage at the output of rectifier.

OBSERVATIONS:
1. AC Voltage across secondary : Vsec = Volts
2. AC Voltage at the output of Rectifier = Volts
3. DC voltage at the output of Rectifier = Volts
4. DC voltage at the output of filter = Volts
5. AC voltage at the output of filter = Volts

CONCLUSION:

18 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Q. 1. Answer the following Questions.

1. What is rectifier?
2. Define Ripple factor. What is filter?
3. What is Peak inverse voltage?
4. How capacitor acts as filter.
5. What are the applications of rectifiers?

19 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

 FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Name of the Student: ______________________________________ Roll no: ___

CLASS: - F.E. Division:_______ Course: - BXE
Experiment No. 05
**FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF MOSFET **

Marks: /10
Date of Performance: Sign with Date
/ /20

Aim: a) To plot frequency response of BJT amplifier.(Simulation)

b) To plot frequency response of MOSFET amplifier.(Simulation)
 Objectives:
1 Simulate Single stage RC coupled CE amplifier and plot its frequency response.
2. Simulate Single CS MOSFET amplifier and to plot its frequency response.

 Outcomes: On completion the students will be able

1 To Simulate Single stage RC coupled CE amplifier and plot its frequency response.
2 To Simulate Single CS MOSFET amplifier and to plot its frequency response.

Software Requirement : Multisim

THEORY :

1. Common Emitter Amplifier:

20 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Figure 1: Circuit diagram of CE amplifier

The single stage common emitter amplifier circuit shown above uses what is
commonly called "Voltage Divider Biasing" or “self biasing”. This type of biasing arrangement uses
two resistors as a potential divider network and is commonly used in the design of bipolar transistor
amplifier circuits. This type of biasing arrangement greatly reduces the effects of varying Beta,(β) by
holding the Base bias at a constant steady voltage. This type of biasing produces the greatest stability.
The Common Emitter Amplifier circuit has a resistor in its Collector circuit. The
current flowing through this resistor produces the voltage output of the amplifier. The value of this
resistor is chosen so that at the amplifiers quiescent operating point, Q-point this output voltage lies
half way along the transistors load line. In Common Emitter Amplifier circuits, capacitors C1 and C2
are used as Coupling Capacitors to separate the AC signals from the DC biasing voltage. This
ensures that the bias condition set up for the circuit to operate correctly is not affected by any
additional amplifier stages, as the capacitors will only pass AC signals and block any DC component.
The output AC signal is then superimposed on the biasing of the following stages. Also a bypass
capacitor, CE is included in the Emitter leg circuit. This capacitor is an open circuit component for DC
bias meaning that the biasing currents and voltages are not affected by the addition of the capacitor
maintaining a good Q-point stability. However, this bypass capacitor short circuits

B. Single CS MOSFET amplifier

A field-effect transistor (FET) is a type of transistor commonly used for weak-signal amplification (for
example, for amplifying wireless (signals). The device can amplify analog or digital signals. It can

21 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

also switch DC or function as an oscillator. In the FET, current flows along a semiconductor path
called the channel. At one end of the channel, there is an electrode called the source. At the other end
of the channel, there is an electrode called the drain. The physical diameter of the channel is fixed, but
its effective electrical diameter can be varied by the application of a voltage to a control electrode
called the gate. Field-effect transistors exist in two major classifications. These are known as the
junction FET (JFET) and the metal-oxide semiconductor FET (MOSFET). The junction FET has a
channel consisting of N-type semiconductor (N-channel) or P-type semiconductor (P-channel)
material; the gate is made of the opposite semiconductor type. In P-type material, electric charges are
carried mainly in the form of electron deficiencies called holes. In N-type material, the charge carriers
are primarily electrons. In a JFET, the junction is the boundary between the channel and the gate.
Normally, this P -N junction is reverse-biased (a DC voltage is applied to it) so that no current flows
between the channel and the gate. However, under some conditions there is a small current through the
junction during part of the input signal cycle.

OBSERVATIONS:

INPUT Vs OUTPUT WAVEFORM

FREQUENCY RESPONSE AND PHASE RESPONSE GRAPHS

22 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

A] Single CS MOSFET amplifier

CONCLUSION :

23 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Assignment questions:
1. What is the phase difference between input and output waveforms of CE amplifier? Justify.
2. What type of biasing is used in the given circuit?
3. What is the effect of emitter bypass capacitor on frequency response?
5. What is the effect of coupling capacitor?
6. What is the region of transistor so that it operates as an amplifier?
7. How does transistor acts as an amplifier.
8. Mention the characteristics of CE amplifier.

Exercise Question:
1. Find the frequency response of CE Amplifier by changing the bypass capacitor value.
2. Find the frequency response of CE Amplifier by removing the bypass capacitor

24 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

 FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Name of the Student: ______________________________________ Roll no: ___

CLASS: - F.E. Division:_______ Course: - BXE
Experiment No. 06
**BUILD INVERTING AND NONINVERTING AMPLIFIER USING OP-AMP.**

Date of Performance: Sign with Date Marks: /10

/ /20

AIM : Build Inverting and Non-inverting amplifier using Op-Amp.

 Objectives:

1 Verify pin configuration of an OP-AMP( such as LM741)

2 Study the important parameters of LM741
3 Implementation of Inverting and Non-Inverting amplifier.

 Outcomes: On completion the students will be able

1 To verify pin configuration of an OP-AMP (such as LM741)
2 To implement of Inverting and Non-Inverting amplifier.
3 To know the virtual ground concept.

APPARATUS :

Componets Op-Amp IC-741, Resistors

Instrument/s or Range Quantity

components
Circuit board -- 01
Power supply 0-30V, 1A 03
Multimeter (Voltmeter) 0-30V 01
Bionet connector -- 02
Connecting wires Banana pin --
CRO 24MHz 01

THEORY :
Operational amplifier :
An operational amplifier, which is often called an op-amp, is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic
voltage amplifier with differential inputs and, usually, a single output. Typically the output of the op-

25 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

amp is controlled either by negative feedback, which largely determines the magnitude of its output
voltage gain, or by positive feedback, which facilitates regenerative gain and oscillation. High input
impedance at the input terminals and low output impedance are important typical characteristics.
The op-amp is basically a differential amplifier having a large voltage gain, very high input impedance
and low output impedance. The op-amp has an "Inverting" or (-) input and "Non-inverting" or (+)
input and a single output. The op-amp is usually powered by a dual polarity power supply in the range
of +/- 5 volts to +/- 15 volts. Op-amps are among the most widely used electronic devices today, being
used in a vast array of consumer, industrial, and scientific devices.
Circuit notation:

The circuit symbol for an op-amp is shown in above Figure.

where:
 V + : non-inverting input  S + : positive power supply
 V − : inverting input  VS − : negative power supply
 Vout: output

Internal circuitry of 741 type op-amp

Though designs vary between products and manufacturers, all op-amps have basically the same
internal structure, which consists of three stages:

1. Differential amplifier
o Input stage — provides low noise amplification, high input impedance, usually a
differential output
2. Voltage amplifier
o Provides high voltage gain, a single-pole frequency roll-off, usually single-ended
output
3. Output amplifier

26 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

o Output stage — provides high current driving capability, low output impedance, current
limiting and short circuit protection circuitry

A.Inverting amplifier An inverting amplifier is an amplifier in which the amplified output signal is
180o out of phase with the input signal

Fig.1. Inverting amplifier.

Vs

0 t

Vo

0
t

Fig.2 Input Output Waveforms of Inverting amplifier

APPLICATIONS :

27 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

NON- INVERTING AMPLIFIER:

An amplifier in which the amplified output signal is in phase with the input signal is known as a non-
inverting amplifier

Rf

VCC
R1
i- = 0
V-
Vo
U2
V+
i+ = 0
VEE RL
Vin

Non-Inverting Op-Amp Concept of virtual short

Fig.3. Non inverting amplifier

Vs

0 t

Vo

0 t

Fig. 4 Input output waveforms of non inverting amplifier

OBSERVATIONS :

28 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

A. Practical observations
R1= Rf =
NON-INVERTING AMPLIFIER INVERTING AMPLIFIER
TH PR TH PR
Vin Vin
VO VO
Avf Avf

B. PHASE SHIFT
NON INVERTING AMPLIFIER INVERTING AMPLIFIER

CONCLUSION :

Teacher’s Sign

Q. 1. Answer the following Questions.

1. Explain the Virtual ground concept of OP-AMP.
2. Draw and explain the block diagram of OP-AMP.
3. Explain different parameter of OP-AMP. State the different application of OP-AMP.
4. What is meant by negative feedback? What are the advantages and disadvantages of
negative feedback?
5 State different application of OP-AMP

29 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

 FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Name of the Student: ______________________________________ Roll no: ___

CLASS: - F.E. Division:_______ Course: - BXE
Experiment No. 07
**TEST AND VERIFY THE TRUTH TABLES.**

Marks: /10
Date of Performance: Sign with Date
/ /20

AIM: Digital circuits:

a. Identify pins of Digital Logic Gates ICs such as AND, OR, NOT, Ex-OR, NAND
b. Implement Half and Full Adder circuit with basic logic gate ICs

c. Test and verify the truth tables of RS/JK/T/D flip flop

 Objectives:

1 Verify pin configuration of Digital Logic Gates ICs such as AND, OR, NOT, Ex-OR, NAND
2 Implementation of Half and Full Adder circuit with basic logic gate ICs
3 Test and verify the truth tables of RS/JK/T/D flip flop

 Outcomes: On completion the students will be able

1 To verify pin configuration of Digital Logic Gates ICs such as AND, OR, NOT, Ex-OR, NAND
2 To implement Half and Full Adder circuit with basic logic gate ICs.
3 To test and verify the truth tables of RS/JK/T/D flip flop

APPARETUS: Power supply, Bread board, Digital IC, Digital Trainer kit, Wires etc
a. Identify pins of Digital Logic Gates ICs such as AND, OR, NOT, Ex-OR, NAND

30 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

THEORY:

Pin Diagram of AND gate Truth Table of AND gate

Pin Diagram of OR gate Truth Table of OR gate

Pin Diagram of NOT gate Truth Table of NOT gate

31 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Pin Diagram of XOR gate Truth Table of XOR gate

Pin diagram of NAND gate Truth Table of NAND gate

Pin diagram of NOR gate Truth Table of NOR gate

32 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

b. Implement Half and Full Adder circuit with basic logic gate ICs

THEORY:

Logic circuit that performs binary addition is called electronic adder or adder. It consists of
properly added logic gates.
There are two types of adders
1. Half Adder
2. Full Adder

1. Half Adder:
The logic circuit that can add two binary bits (0 or 1) is called half adder. Figure 1 shows block
symbol of the half adder. The adder circuit would need two inputs and two outputs. The two inputs are
for two digits to be added either 0 or 1. One output terminal is for the sum of the two inputs and other
output is for the carry. Table 1 show the addition table of the adder and called truth table.
The half adder would behave according to truth table as shown in Table 1.

ASum
B Carry

Figure 1. Block diagram of half adder

Table 1.Truth table of half adder

Inputs Outputs
A B Sum Carry
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
XOR AND

Observing the truth table we can see that the output column (sum and carry) can be produced by using
two gates.
I) Sum column is the output of XOR gate
II) Carry column is output of AND gate.

Thus we can produce half adder using two input AND gate and two input XOR gate as shown in figure
below.

33 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Logic diagram:

2. Full Adder:
A full adder adds two binary bits plus carry input (Cin) to produce the Sum and Carry (Co) outputs.
Figure 2 shows block diagram of full adder.

CinSum
A
B Carry

Figure 2. Block diagram of full adder

Table 2. Truth table of full adder

Inputs Outputs
A B Cin Sum Carry
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1

34 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

It is formed by using two half adder circuit and an OR gate as shown in figure below.

Logic diagram:

PROCEDURE:

1. Build the circuit as above on bread board.

2. Make the connections and apply the supply voltage.
3. See the result as per truth table
OBSERVATION TABLE:
Half Adder:

Inputs Outputs
A B Sum Carry
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Full Adder:

Inputs Outputs
A B Cin Sum Carry
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

35 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Conclusion:________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________

Q.1. Answer the following Questions.

1 Implement EX-OR gate using NAND Gate.

2 Realize Full Adder using Half Adder.
3 Mention the IC’s used for AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND, EX-OR and EX-NOR gates,
4 Write truth tables of RS,JK,D,T Filp flop
5 Sate and explain Demoargan’s theorem .

36 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

 FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Name of the Student: ______________________________________ Roll no: ___

CLASS: - F.E. Division:_______ Course: - BXE
Experiment No. 08
**STUDY OF TRANSDUCERS.**

Marks: /10
Date of Performance: Sign with Date
/ /20

Aim: Study of different types of transducers ( e.g. Thermistor, LDR, LVDT etc)

 Objectives:
1 To study different types of transducers. ( e.g. Thermistor, LDR, LVDT
etc)
2 To Acquaint with transducer characteristics.
3 To understand applications of Transducer

 Outcomes: On completion the students will be able

1 To know details of Thermistor, LDR, LVDT etc.
2 To understand applications of Transducer
3.To know details of Strain Gauge.

 PEOs ,POs, PSOs and COs satisfied

PEOs: POs: PSOs: Cos:
.

THEORY :
A]Strain Gauge
 Strain gauge is one of the prime transducer widely used in industry for measurements of weight,
load force, pressure, displacement, indirectly for torque, stress and strain.
 Strain gauge is nothing but a non-conductive paste clad on a high-grade plastic strip in such a way
that it can be easily bent and stressed/strained.
 The property of material is it change it’s resistance when expose to mech./physical change in it’s
shape.
 The strain gauge foils are available with different resistance valves, different size and different
gauge factors. (Gauge factor is the ratio of change in resistance with elongation or strain).
 Normally strain gauges are available with 120Ω, 240Ω, and 350Ω resistance values. Resistance

37 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

wire stain gauges are transducers applied to the surface of structural members under test in order
to sense the elongation or strain due to applied loads.

 The setup consists of mild steel structural strip duly ground from both the side ensuring smooth
surface rigidly mounted on a sturdy solid square bar supported on heavy stable base structure. The
sturdy structure stand ensure better result.

 Strain gauge sensor of plastic foil type with 120Ω resistance and 8mm gauge length, 5mm width,
compensated for mild steel type are pasted to steel strip. The pasting procedure is very important
as it is directly related to elongation of strain gauges when load is applied. Perfect surface contact
shall give better and consistent change in resistance linear to load applied to it.

 The strain gauges changes it’s resistance with variation of temp. Hence gauge are selected are
mild steel compensated. The change in resistance is too small in value which makes it difficult in

sensing the change in view of this the strain gauges are used in the form of bridge circuitry and
electronic signal generated is processed by instrumentation amplifier.

Load Cell/ Cantilever Beam Load Cell

 Bridge may have only one arm or two arm or four-arm strain gauge as active element and balance
resistance as passive element.

 The 4-arm strain gauge bridge is the most preferred on performance basis. Load cell uses 4 strain
gauges as active bridge element. The strain gauge are pasted to steel strip in such a way two strain
gauge sensor are compressed while other elongated, resulting differential change in resistance
increasing (doubles) sensitivity.

 Two strain gauges pasted from top to the strip and another exactly below from bottom all the 4
strain gauges are wired in the form of bridge and terminated at bottom plate on a connector makes
it easy for connection. Small pan hooked up to the dead end cantilever with weights.

38 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

CONCLUSION :

Q.1. Answer the following Questions.

1. Draw the constructional diagram of strain gauge.
2. Write working principle of strain gauge.
3. Give advantages of strain gauge.
4 Give application strain gauge.

39 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

 FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Name of the Student: ______________________________________ Roll no: ___

CLASS: - F.E. Division:_______ Course: - BXE
Experiment No. 09
** BUILD AND TEST ANY CIRCUIT USING BJT/MOSFET/OP-AMP./LOGIC GATES USING
ANY ONE SENSOR.**

Marks: /10
Date of Performance: Sign with Date
/ /20

Aim : Build And Test Simple Electronics Application Circuit

Objectives:

1 .To Design and Test electronics circuit diagram using any electronics components.

2. To study BJT/MOSFET/OP-AMP/Logic Gates/ any sensor

 Outcomes: On completion the students will be able

1. To Design any electronics circuit using any electronics components.
2. Identify Diode, BJT, MOSFETs OP-AMP/Logic Gates/ any sensor.
3. To understand specifications of each electronic components.
4. To understand working principle of each electronic components.

 PEOs ,POs, PSOs and COs satisfied

PEOs: POs: PSOs: Cos:

APPARATUS : As per your application Circuit.

1. Digital Multimeter
2. CRO
3. Function Generator

40 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

THEORY : Following points to be covered:-

1) INTRODUCTION

2) WORKING PRINCIPLE

3) SPECIFICATION OF COMPONENTS

41 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Sr. No. Name of the Component Parameter/values

4) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM WITH COMPONENT VALUE

42 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

5) APPROXIMATE COST:

Sr. No Components Cost

Total Cost

PROCEDURE :

43 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Result:

Q.1. Answer the following Questions.

1. Draw the circuit diagram of any electronics applications.
2. Write working principle of electronics applications.
3. Verify the results.
4 Give application of electronics applications.

44 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

 FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Name of the Student: ______________________________________ Roll no: ___

CLASS: - F.E. Division:_______ Course: - BXE
Experiment No. 10
**CASE STUDY OF ANY ONE ELECTRONICS APPLIANCES WITH BLOCK
DIAGRAM,SPECIFCATION ETC.**

Marks: /10
Date of Performance: Sign with Date
/ /20

Aim: Case Study of any one electronics appliances with block diagram, specification etc.

Objectives:
1. To Design and Test electronics circuit diagram any electronics appliances.

 Outcomes: On completion the students will be able

1. To design of any electronics circuit diagram any electronics appliances.
2. To understand specifications of each electronic components.
3. To understand the block diagram and working of electronics appliances.

 PEOs ,POs, PSOs and COs satisfied

PEOs: POs: PSOs: Cos:

APPARATUS :

THEORY :

45 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

SPECIFICATION:

BLOCK DIAGRAM

CONCLUSION :

46 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES

FE Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala BASIC ELECTRONICS
ENGINERING

Q.1. Answer the following Questions.

1. Draw the block diagram of any electronics appliances
2. Draw the circuit diagram of any electronics appliances
3 Write working principle of electronics appliances.
4. Verify the results.

47 DEPARTMENT OF ENGINERING SCIENCES