Question Option1 Option2 Option3 Option4

It may be defined as a set of

It may be defined as a set of physical models and
mathematical models and analysis
Software tools that exploit the available data to
methodologies that exploit the
What is Business Intelligence? generate information Which tells you about your business Understanding the business
available data to generate information
and knowledge useful for complex decision-
and knowledge useful for complex
making processes.
decision-making processes.

Information is transformed into _________ when it is used to make

data Knowledge entity raw facts
decisions and develop the corresponding actions.

______is a collection of raw facts such as measurements and statistics. Also it represents a
structured codification of single primary entities,
Information Data Knowledge Knowledge Discovery
as well as of transactions involving two or more primary entities.

Which of the following is not a component of business intelligence analysis cycle? Analysis Insight Design Decision

In ETL, ‘E’ stands for- Excellent External Extract Extraordinary

In complex organizations, decisions are made on continual basis. Such decisions may be more or
less critical and have long- or short-term effects. These decisions are taken by the people are managers secretary knowledge workers The owner
known as _______________, these people are from various hierarchical levels.

The main purpose of business intelligence systems is to provide knowledge make effective and timely
Perform well. be comfortable. Explicitly describe their problem.
workers with tools and methodologies that allow them to ________. decisions.

In BI Architecture, _____________ is used to gather and integrate the data stored in various
Data Sources Database Tables Records
primary and secondary sources.

If a large number of customers are discontinuing an insurance policy upon yearly expiration, the
information obtained through the __________ phase is then transformed into knowledge during Evaluation, Decision Analysis, Insight Analysis, Evaluation Insight, Decision
the _________ phase.

Which of the following forms the important asset of an organization? Hardware Technologies Software Technologies Human Resource Analytics

The ability to rapidly react to the actions of competitors and to new market conditions to be
Taking timely decisions Taking effective decisions Taking action against competitors Increasing man power
successful and survival of a company is achieved by _____________________.

Exploiting the relationships among system

Mathematical models are developed by - Doing mathematical calculation control variables, parameters and evaluation Exploring the relationship with data Developing mathematical logic
metrics
Arrange the main components of Business Intelligence system from bottom to top:
1. Data Sources
2. Data Exploration
3. Data warehouse/Data mart
1,2,3,4,6,5 1,3,2,4,5,6 1,2,3,5,4,6 1,3,2,4,6,5
4. Data mining
5. Decisions
6. Optimization
Read the following four statements and select the correct option :
1. Usage of data by public and private organizations that is improper and does not respect the
individuals’ right to privacy should not be tolerated.
2. It is essential that business intelligence analysts and decision makers abide by the ethical
principle of respect for the personal rights of the individuals.
1,2,3 is true and 4 is false Only 2 and 3 is true Only 1 and 2 is true 1,3 is false and 2,4 is true
3. Analysts developing a mathematical model and those who make the decisions cannot remain
neutral, but have the moral obligation to take an ethical stance.
4. Private information on individuals and households does circulate, and this mean that it is
ethical for decision makers and enterprises to use it.

Development of data warehouses and data marts is done in which phase of development of
Analysis Implementation and control Design Planning
business intelligence system?

___________ are a basic component in the development of a business intelligence architecture Decision maker Decision Support System executive information systems strategic information systems

Efficiency measurements highlight the ______________ between input flows used by the
production conformity performance relationship
system and the corresponding output flows

The decision-making process is part of a broader subject usually referred to as ___________ predictions production plan problem solving marketing
A rational approach to decision making implies that the option fulfilling the best performance
alternatives initiatives transition similar
criteria is selected out of all possible

During the exclusion stage, compatibility rules and restrictions are applied to the alternative
objective. originally similarly alternatively
actions that were __________ identified

In the ____________ the task of the decision maker is to identify, circumscribe and explicitly
intelligence phase control phase design phase choice phase
define the problem that emerges in the system

Mathematical models and the corresponding _________ usually play a valuable role during the
finacial similar methods solution methods variable methods
choice phase

Decisions can be classified in terms of two main dimensions, according to their nature and
evaluation performance problem scope
___________

Tactical decisions affect only parts of an enterprise and are usually restricted to a ___________
double single personal private
department

A ________________ distinction should be made between a rational approach and a political-

preliminary strongly prevail complex
organizational approach

__________________refers to a decision-making process for which multiple performance

decision-making alternatives Absolute rationality’ bounded rationality.
indicators can be reduced to a single criterion

The ____________module includes a database designed to contain the data required by the
proactive perceptive exception data management
decision-making processes

The model management module helps the activities of knowledge workers by means of high-
dynamic ad hoc analysis specific
level languages for the development of _____________models

Planning usually involves a _______________________ to address the question: feasibility study Analytical study general study specific study

In the analysis phase, it is necessary to define in detail the ______________of the DSS to be
predictions evaluation limitations functions
developed
Question Option1 Option2 Option3 Option4

Mathematical model is a selective abstraction of a ____ REAL SYSTEM IMAGINARY SYSTEM PREDICTED SYSTEM DETERMINISTIC SYSTEM

A number of techniques originated in the field of computer science, such as classification trees
INFORMATION DISCOVERY DATA DISCOVERY KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY WISDOM DISCOVERY
or association rules, and are referred to as _______

The analogy is well apparent between this conceptual paradigm and ______ WHAT-FOR ANAYSIS WHAT-IF ANALYSIS WHAT-IS ANALYSIS WHAT-ELSE ANAYSIS

A miniaturized model of a new city neighborhood is an example of _____ ICONIC MODEL ANALOGIC MODEL SYMBOLIC MODEL DETERMINISTIC MODEL

The purpose of prediction is to anticipate the value that a random variable will assume in the
PAST VALUES CURRENT VALUE HYPOTHETICAL VALUE FUTURE VALUE
future or to estimate the likelihood of ____

_____ describe the behavior of the system through a series of symbolic variables, numerical
ICONIC MODEL ANALOGIC MODEL SYMBOLIC MODEL DETERMINISTIC MODEL
parameters and mathematical relationships

Relevant distinction concerns the probabilistic nature of models, which can be either ______ STOCHASTIC NON STOCHASTIC PROBABILITIC NON PROBABILITY

Data mining provides identification and recurrence in ____ DATA INFORMATION CHARACTERIZATION INFORMATION DATA CHARACTERIZATION INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE CHARACTERIZATION DATA KNOWLEDGE CHARACTERIZATION

Static models consider a given system and the related decision-making process within
MULTIPLE TEMPORAL SATGE SINGLE TEMPORAL STAGE WITHOUT TEMPORAL STAGE TWO TEMPORAL STAGE
_________

_____ defined symbolic variables representing alternative decisions NUMERICAL PARAMETERS EVALUATION CRITERIA DECISION VARIABLE TIME HORIZON

The analysis flow in data mining in the latter case has_____ BOTTOM-UP STRUCTURE TOP-DOWN STRUCTURE TOP-UP STRUCTURE BOTTOM DOWN STRUCTURE

The final step in the formulation of a model is the identification of _______ EVALUATION CRITERIA NUMERICAL PARAMETER MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIP DECISION VARIABLES

The purpose of risk analysis in risk evaluation is to estimate the risk connected with ________ PAST DECISION FURURE DECISION CURRENT DECISION PREDICTED DECISION

In a broad sense, the purpose of pattern recognition and learning theory is to understand the
DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL DEVELOPMENT OF DECISION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENCE
mechanisms that regulate the______

____ identify regular patterns in the data and to express them through easily understandable
PREDICTION MODEL INTERPRETATION MODEL DETEMINISTIC MODEL PROBABILISTIC MODEL
rules and criteria

Data mining activities constitute an iterative process aimed at the analysis of_____ SMALL DATABSE MEDIUM DATABASE FLEXIBLE DATABASE LARGE DATABASE
The term ____ refers therefore to the overall process consisting of data gathering and analysis. DATA BINDING DATA MINING DATA FINDING DATA EXTRACTION

Prediction models help to forecast the value that a given ______ will assume in the future. RANDOM VARIABLE NUMERICAL VARIABLE DECISION VARIABLE EFFICIENT VARIABLE

Mathematical optimization models represent a fairly substantial class of optimization problems

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM DECISION GENERATING PROCESS DECISION MAKING PROCESS DECISION VARIABLES SYSTEM
that are derived when the objective of the_____ is a function of the decision variables.

The purpose of waiting line theory is to investigate congestion phenomena occurring when the
STOCHASTIC IN NATURE NON DETERMINISTIC IN NATURE NON STOCHASTIC IN NATURE PROBABILITIC IN NATURE
demand for and provision of a service are _____

Data mining activities constitute an _____ process aimed at the analysis of large databases, with
COLABARATIVE DISTINCTIVE UNIQUE ITERATIVE
the purpose of extracting information and knowledge

The models and patterns identified in this way may take on different forms, which will be
IF-ELSE IF-THEN-ELSE IF WHILE
described in the following chapters, such as linear equations, sets of rules ______

In statistical analyses decision makers formulate a hypothesis that then has to be confirmed on
HYPOTHESIS PREDICTION PAST VALUES SAMPLE EVIDENCE
the basis of ____

In relational marketting identification of customer segments that are most likely to respond to
CROSS-SELLING AND DOWN-SELLING CROSS-SELLING AND UP-SELLING TOP-SELLING AND UP-SELLING TOP-SELLING AND DOWN-SELLING
targeted marketing campaigns, such as ______

_______can be applied to different kinds of texts, which represent unstructured data, in order
WORD MINING TEXT MINING TERM MINING CONTEXT MINING
to classify articles, books, documents, emails and web page

Data Inception Means: inspection of each missing value identify missing values replacement of missing Data discard all records

Data Elimination Means________ inspection of each missing value identify missing values replacement of missing Data discard all records

The purpose of _________ is to identify and implement corrective actions in case of incomplete
Data Validation Data Transformation Data Reduction Data Noise
and inconsistent data or data affected by noise.

Data may contain erroneous or anomalous values, which are usually referred to as- Noise outliers Inconsistencies Reduction

Estimate procedures can become rather complex and time-consuming for a large dataset with a
Training data missing data result data expert data
high percentage of___________.

Data contain discrepancies due to changes in the coding system used for their representation,
Inconsistency Noise Incompleteness consistency
and therefore may appear_______

This technique can only be applied to numerical attributes- Identification Substitution Inspection Elimination

which technique used in this general equation: standardization z-index Min-max Decimal scaling
If the distribution of values of the attribute (aj) is roughly normal, the z index based
(-3,3) (-2,2) (-4,4) (-1,1)
transformaltion generates values that are almost certainly within the range-

_____________methods select the relevant attributes before moving on to the subsequent

Filter embedded wrapper scaling
learning phase, and are therefore independent of the specific algorithm being used.

How many distinct myopic search schemes are followed? two four three one

PCA is___________ Projection Combination Analysis Principal Combination Analysis Principal Component Analysis Projection Combination Analysis
Question Option1 Option2 Option3 Option4

The development of classification model consists of main phases: Training phase,

Dividing Phase Combining Phase Testing Phase Sorting Phase
______,Prediction phase.

______ methods make use of classification methods based on simple and intuitive algorithms. Separation Regression Probabilistic Heuristic

The ______ method involves subdividing the m observations available into two disjoint subsets Holdout Repeated random sampling Cross validation Confusion matrix

An approach to the design of

learning algorithms that is inspired
class of learning algorithm that tries to find Any mechanism employed by a
by the fact that when people
Bayesian classifiers is ____ an optimum classification of a set of learning system to constrain the It is used to detect error
encounter new situations, they
examples using the probabilistic theory. search space of a hypothesis
often explain them by reference
to familiar experiences, adapting

Classify variable which is not continuous.. age height gender revenue of medical shop

. ______ are supervised learning methods for predicting the value of a categorical target
Classification Clustering Regression Customization
attribute.

Neural Networks are methods of Regression Clustering Classification Customization

Decision tree initially starts with ? Root Leaf Terminal Branch

measure of the accuracy, of the

subdivision of a set of examples into a The task of assigning a
Classification is ____ classification of a concept that is Clustering method
number of classes classification to a set of examples
given by a certain theory

Classification of data according to location or areas is called: Qualitative classification Quantitative classification Geographical classification Chronological classification

In classification, the data are arranged according to: Similarities Differences Percentages Ratios

Which of the following curve analysis is conducted on each predictor for classification? NOC ROC COC DOC

________are perhaps the best-known and most widely used learning methods in data mining
Classification trees decision trees decision chart Classification chart
applications.
In the K-means clustering algorithm the distance between cluster centroid to each object is
Cluster distance Euclidean distance Cluster width Cluster height
calculated using ....method.

tree showing how close things are to assignment of each point to

Which of the following is finally produced by Hierarchical Clustering? final estimate of cluster centroids all of the mentioned
each other clusters

k-means clustering is also referred to as Non-hierarchical clustering Optimizing partitioning Divisive clustering Agglomerative clustering

Clustering is what type of learning? Supervised Unsupervised Semi-supervised Reinforcement

Cluster analysis is a technique for

Objects in one cluster are similar to each Cluster analysis is also called analysing data when the criterion
Groups or clusters are suggested
Which statement is not true about cluster analysis? other and dissimilar to objects in the other classification analysis or numerical or dependent variable is
by the data, not defined a priori.
clusters taxonomy. categorical and the independent
variables are interval in nature.
k-means clustering is a method of vector k-means clustering aims to partition n k-nearest neighbor is same as k- K-means clustering required to
Point out the wrong statement.
quantization observations into k clusters means defined distance metric

Which method of analysis does not classify variables as dependent or independent? regression analysis discriminant analysis analysis of variance cluster analysis

_____ is a clustering procedure where all objects start out in one giant cluster. Clusters are
Non-hierarchical clustering Hierarchical clustering Divisive clustering Agglomerative clustering
formed by dividing this cluster into smaller and smaller clusters.

Suppose we would like to perform clustering on spatial data such as the geometrical locations of
houses. We wish to produce clusters of many different sizes and shapes. Which of the following Decision Trees Density-based clustering Model-based clustering K-means clustering
methods is the most appropriate?
A _____ or tree graph is a graphical device for displaying clustering results. Vertical lines
represent clusters that are joined together. The position of the line on the scale indicates the dendrogram scattergram scree plot icicle diagram
distances at which clusters were joined.

The _____ method uses information on all pairs of distances, not merely the minimum or
single linkage medium linkage complete linkage average linkage
maximum distances.
Question Option1 Option2 Option3 Option4

Which of the following is not a component of Relational Marketing Organisation BI and Data Mining Technology Fund

Which of the following is not part of Web Mining: Content Mining Structure Mining Database Mining Usage Mining

Which of the following is not included in Cycle of Relational Marketing Analysis: Collecting information on Customers Identifying their needs Paying them Planning based on knowledge

Intensity of Relation is high for Does not depend on whether it is

Which of the following is true: Intensity of Relation is low for B2C Intensity of Relation is low for B2B
B2C B2B or B2C.

Which of the following is not a stage in “Lifetime of a Customer” Acquisition Cross/Up Selling Retention Bargaining

There are four classic marketing activities involving customer selection, acquisition, retention,
Customer differentiation Customer extension Customer demographics Customer Satisfaction
and one other:

A key CRM technique is to encourage existing customers to recommend friends or colleagues to

Cross-sell Referral Reactivation Up-sell
purchase. This is:

Which of the following is NOT an example of behavioural measures used to evaluate assessment of salesperson's attitude and product knowledge and selling and appearance and professional accounts generated and profit
salespeople? attention to customers communication skills demeanor achieved

Global management and Recruiting and selecting

All of the following would be major sales force management decision steps EXCEPT: Designing sales force strategy and structure. Supervising salespeople.
marketing structures. salespeople.

To minimize a function expressing the total cost, this comprises processing cost, transportation
costs for procurement and distribution, inventory costs and equipment costs. This is major Integrated logistic optimization model supply chain logistic model
purpose of a _______process.
__________represent a powerful and versatile conceptual paradigm
for analyzing and solving problems arising within integrated supply chain planning, and for
Logistic model Supply chain model Optimization models Integrated logistic model
developing the necessary software.

to minimize a function expressing to optimize the logistic chain, and

to manage, control and improve the flow of to combine and evaluate from a
the total cost, which comprises therefore to have models and
materials and information originating from systemic perspective the decisions
The aim of the integrated planning and operations of the supply chain is __________ processing costs, transportation computerized tools for medium-
the suppliers and reaching the end made and the actions undertaken
costs for procurement and term planning and for capacity
customers within the various sub processes
distribution analysis

In optimization model ‘I’, i € I ={1,2,…. I } and T ,t € T ={1,2,…. T} what is I and T denotes. Production and time interval Planning and time Products and time interval All of above

A first extension of the basic model of supply chain optimization deals with the possibility of Overtime, part-time or third-
Only overtime Only part time Extra production time
resorting to extra capacity, perhaps in the form of__________________. party capacity.

The term _______refers to the possibility that a portion of the demand due in a given period may
Extra capacity Backlog Tactical planning Fixed costs
be satisfied in a subsequent period, incurring an additional penalty cost.

The production volume for one or

more products be either equal to
The production volume for one or more costs are required only if the
The product is manufactured in a 0 (i.e. the product is not
What is a minimum lot? products is not equal to 0 or less than a production volume is strictly
specific period manufactured in a specific period)
given threshold value. greater than 0
or not less than a given threshold
value.

Which of the following is not an optimization model? Extra Capacity Maximum Fixed Cost Backlogging Multiple Plants
____________ is a managerial policy whose purpose is to maximize profits through an optimal
Optimization model Logistics planning Supply chain model Revenue management
balance between demand and supply

The enterprise operating in the food industry is one of the example of ________ linear optimization problem binary linear optimization problems Business case studies None of the above

The logistic system of the food manufacturing company consists of a network raw materials, production plants
Only central and peripheral
whose nodes represent suppliers of _____________ Only raw materials Only production plant and central and peripheral
warehouses
warehouse

Which of the following is not a critical components of the logistic system. Plans Inventory batch sizes interpretability

One is more likely to find a variant of the backlog, known as _________in which unfulfilled
Minimum lot Lost sale Extra capacity Bill of materials
demand in a period cannot be transferred to a subsequent period and is lost

The purpose of __________is to compare the operating performance of a set of units such as
companies, university departments, hospitals, bank branch offices, production plants, or Data envelopment analysis (DEA) Decision making units. Decision support system CCR Model
transportation systems.

In data envelopment analysis the units being compared are called __________ Decision support system Decision making units (DMUs) Efficiency measures Integrated logistic model

CCR Model stands for: Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes Charley-Common-Rules Challenging-Common-Rules Cooper-Common-Rules

Data envelopment analysis identifies for each inefficient unit a set of excellent units, called a
CCR MODEL Peer group Cross-efficiency analysis Cross-efficiency analysis
______.

__________of a DMU are defined as the product of the inputs used by the unit and the
The virtual outputs Decision making units The virtual inputs Efficiency measure
corresponding optimal weights

_____is based on the hypothesis of variable returns to scale Banker–Charnes–Cooper model CCR MODEL Decision making units Virtual inputs

The __________ also known as production function, expresses the relationship between the
Efficient frontier Efficiency measures Data envelopment analysis CCR model
inputs utilized and the outputs produced.
__________includes those units that are efficient if evaluated with the optimal system of
Efficiency measures Cross-efficiency analysis target objectives Peer groups
weights of an inefficient unit.

______________are given by the product of the outputs of the unit and the associated optimal
Efficiency measure virtual outputs Data envelopment analysis regression model
weights.

The area between the efficient frontier and the positive horizontal semi-axis is called the______. production possibility set CCR MODEL regression model Virtual inputs

The prediction line obtained using a ______________ CCR model. Regression model. Cross-efficiency analysis. Data envelopment analysis.

The efficient frontier obtained using _______ Peer groups CCR model data envelopment analysis Regression model