Visible light having a wavelength of 6.1 × 10-7 m appears orange.
Compute the following using
scientific notation and 3 signficant digits.
(a) the frequency
v= 4.92E14
(b) the energy of a photon of this light
E= 3.26E-19
The transmissivity T of a transparent material 30 mm thick to normally incident light is
0.84. If the index of refraction of this material is 1.6, compute the thickness of material
that will yield a transmissivity of 0.60. All reflection losses should be considered.
Answer: 184mm
The first step in calculating the thickness for this problem is to calculate the reflectivity.
What is R, the reflectivity?
R=0.053
At the end of Section 21.14 it was noted that the intensity of light absorbed while
passing through a 19-kilometer length of optical fiber glass is equivalent to the light
intensity absorbed through for a 30-mm thickness of ordinary window glass. Calculate
the absorption coefficient β of the optical fiber glass if the value of β for the window
glass is 5×10-4 mm-1.
1 𝐼𝑇
β =− 𝑥
𝑙𝑛( 𝐼 )
0
1
β =− 6 𝑙𝑛(0. 985)
19*10
β = 7. 95𝐸 − 10
What is the energy (in eV) of a photon of light having a wavelength of 3.9 × 10−7 m?
A. 1.61 eV
B. 3.18 eV
C. 31.8 eV
D. 9.44 eV
A completely amorphous and nonporous polymer will be:
A. transparent
B. translucent
C. opaque
D. ferromagnetic
Compute the velocity of light in diamond, which has a dielectric constant εr of 5.7 (at
frequencies within the visible range) and a magnetic susceptibility of -2.15 × 10-5. Use
scientific notation.
−12 𝐹 −11
ε = ε𝑟ε0 = (5. 7)(8. 85 * 10 𝑚
= 5. 04 * 10
−6 −5 −6
µ = µ𝑟µ0 = µ0(𝑥𝑚 + 1) = (1. 257 * 10 )(2. 15 * 10 ) = 1. 25 * 10
1 1
𝑣= = = 1. 25𝐸8
εµ −11
(5.04*10
−6
)(1.25*10 )
It is desired that the reflectivity of light at normal incidence to the surface of a
transparent medium be less than 5.2 %. Compute the maximum allowable value of ns
for this transparent material.
5.2
1+ 𝑅 1+ 100
𝑛𝑠 = = = 1. 59
1− 𝑅 1−
5.2
100
A semiconducting material has a band gap of 2.20 eV. What are the (a) minimum and
(b) maximum wavelengths of visible light at which the material is transparent?
Select what determines the characteristic color of a metal.
A. The characteristic color is determined by the distribution of wavelengths of
the non absorbed light radiation that is reflected.
B. The characteristic color is determined by the distribution of wavelengths of the
non absorbed light radiation that is transmitted through the material.
Compute the difference in energy between metastable and ground electron states for
some laser material that emits monochromatic light having a wavelength of 0.55 μm.
Values for Planck's constant and the velocity of light in a vacuum are 4.13 × 10-15 eV-s
and 3 × 108 m/s, respectively.
−15 8
(4.13*10 𝑒𝑉−𝑠)(3*10 𝑚/𝑠)
∆𝐸 = 1 = 2. 25
0.55µ𝑚( 6 )
1*10
Gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium phosphide (GaP) are compound semiconductors
that have room-temperature band gap energies of 1.42 and 2.25 eV, respectively, and
form solid solutions in all proportions. Furthermore, the band gap of the alloy increases
approximately linearly with GaP additions (in mol%). Alloys of these two materials are
used for light-emitting diodes wherein light is generated by conduction band-to-valence
band electron transitions. Determine the composition of a GaAs-GaP alloy that will emit
red light having a wavelength of 0.68 μm.
−15 8
(4.13*10 𝑒𝑉−𝑠)(3*10 𝑚/𝑠)
∆𝐸 = 1 = 1. 82
0.68µ𝑚( 6 )
1*10
100 𝑚𝑜𝑙 % − 𝐶𝑔𝑎𝑝 (2.25−1.82)𝑒𝑉
100 𝑚𝑜𝑙 % − 0 𝑚𝑜𝑙 %
= (2.25−1.42)𝑒𝑉
𝐶𝑔𝑎𝑝 = 48. 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙% 𝐺𝑎𝑃
What is the order of magnitude wavelength for visible light?
A. 0.5 angstroms
B. 0.5 nanometers
C. 0.5 micrometers
D. 0.5 millimeters
E. 0.5 meters
F. 0.5 kilometers
What are (a) the frequency (in s^-1), and (b) the energy (in eV) of a photon of light
having a wavelength of 3.7 x 10-7 m?
−15 8
(4.13*10 𝑒𝑉−𝑠)(3*10 𝑚/𝑠)
𝐸= −7 = 3. 35
3.7*10 𝑚
8
(3*10 𝑚/𝑠)
∆𝐸 = −7 = 8. 12𝐸14
3.7*10 𝑚
Which of the following terms is used to describe a material that transmits light diffusely?
A. Transparent
B. Opaque
C. Translucent
Which of the following terms is used to describe the luminescence phenomenon when
the reemission of photons occurs in much less than one second after the excitation
event?
A. Phosphorescence
B. Fluorescence
In the visible spectrum, a semiconductor that is a single crystal and nonporous may be
A. transparent or translucent.
B. translucent or opaque.
C. transparent or opaque.
A completely amorphous and nonporous polymer will be
A. transparent.
B. translucent.
C. opaque.
The fraction of nonreflected radiation that is transmitted through an 11 mm thickness of
a transparent material is 0.82. If the thickness is increased to 21 mm, what fraction of
light will be transmitted?
1 𝐼
β =− 𝑥
𝑙𝑛( 𝐼𝑇 )
0
1
β =− 11
𝑙𝑛(0. 82)
β = 0. 018
𝐼 −β𝑥 −(0.018)(21)
( 𝐼𝑇 ) = 𝑒 =𝑒 = 0. 68
0
