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Fullwave Rectifiers

This document discusses full wave rectifier circuits, including center-tap and bridge full wave rectifiers. It provides information on their components, working principles, key electrical characteristics like peak inverse voltage (PIV), average and RMS values, efficiency, ripple factor, and form factor. It also discusses their advantages and disadvantages as well as applications. Center-tap and bridge rectifiers are compared in terms of design, output voltage, PIV rating of diodes, and ease of implementation. An example circuit is provided and design parameters are calculated.

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Sanjyoti Das
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58 views27 pages

Fullwave Rectifiers

This document discusses full wave rectifier circuits, including center-tap and bridge full wave rectifiers. It provides information on their components, working principles, key electrical characteristics like peak inverse voltage (PIV), average and RMS values, efficiency, ripple factor, and form factor. It also discusses their advantages and disadvantages as well as applications. Center-tap and bridge rectifiers are compared in terms of design, output voltage, PIV rating of diodes, and ease of implementation. An example circuit is provided and design parameters are calculated.

Uploaded by

Sanjyoti Das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEMICONDUCTOR DIODE APPLICATIONS

Full Wave Rectifier Circuits

#LECTURE –

 INTRODUCTION

 RECTIFIER CIRCUITS

 H A L F W AV E

 F U L L W AV E

 CLIPPER CIRCUITS

 CLAMPER CIRCUIT

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Rectifier
• A rectifier is an electronic device that converts AC voltage into DC voltage.
• In other words, it converts alternating current to direct current.
• A Rectifier circuit that rectifies both the positive and negative half cycles can
be termed as a full wave rectifier as it rectifies the complete cycle.
• Types of Rectifier
• Half wave rectifier
• Full Wave rectifier
• Center-tap Full wave rectifier
• Bridge Full wave rectifier
• Half wave rectifiers use one diode, while a full wave rectifier uses multiple
diodes.

2
Centre Tap Full Wave Rectifier:

• A rectifier circuit whose transformer secondary is tapped to get the desired


output voltage, using two diodes alternatively, to rectify the complete cycle is
called as a Center-tapped Full wave rectifier circuit.
3
• The features of a center-tapping transformer are :
• The tapping is done by drawing a lead at the mid-point on the secondary
winding. This winding is split into two equal halves.
• The voltage at the tapped mid-point is zero. This forms a neutral point.
• The center tapping provides two separate output voltages which are equal
in magnitude but opposite in polarity to each other.
• A number of tapings can be drawn out to obtain different levels of voltages.
4
Working Operation
PIV

The peak inverse voltage (PIV) [or PRV (peak reverse voltage)] rating of the diode
is of primary importance in the design of rectification systems.

6
Average Value/ DC output [IDC and VDC]

7
RMS Value [Irms and Vrms]
Efficiency[]

The efficiency of a half wave rectifier is equal to 81.2%

9
Ripple factor[]
‘Ripple’ is the unwanted AC component remaining when converting the AC
voltage waveform into a DC waveform.

10
Form factor [F.F]
Form factor (F.F. / F) is the ratio between RMS value and average value.

11
Advantages

Disadvantages

• Location of center-tapping is difficult


• The dc output voltage is small
• PIV of the diodes should be high

12
Applications

• For rectification applications


• For signal demodulation applications
• For signal peak applications

13
Full Wave Rectifier: Bridge Rectifier

14
15
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 2(0.318Vm )

17
If silicon rather than ideal diodes are employed, the application of Kirchhoff’s
voltage law around the conduction path results in

18
Efficiency[]

The efficiency of a half wave rectifier is equal to 81.2%


19
20
Form factor [F.F]
Form factor (F.F) is the ratio between RMS value and average value.

21
Ripple factor[]
‘Ripple’ is the unwanted AC component remaining when converting the AC
voltage waveform into a DC waveform.

22
Full-wave Rectifier with Smoothing Capacitor

Where: I is the DC load current in amps,


ƒ is the frequency of the ripple or twice the
input frequency in Hertz, and
C is the capacitance in Farads.
23
Advantages

• No need of center-tapping.
• The dc output voltage is twice that of the center-tapper FWR.
• PIV of the diodes is of the half value that of the center-tapper FWR.
• The design of the circuit is easier with better output.

Disadvantages

24
Applications

• For rectification applications


• For signal demodulation applications
• For signal peak applications

25
Comparison

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A transformer with 25-0-25 V rms, 50 Hz secondary, supplies a center-tap full-
wave rectifier using silicon diode and a load of 1000 Ω. Design the circuit and
determine the output dc load voltage and current, the PIV rating needed for
the diodes, and efficiency.

27

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