TRAINING COURSE

3D LAND SEQUENCE
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BASIC FIELD PROCESSING WITH GEOVECTEUR®PLUS

Data in SEG D
format
Diskette from Geoland.
SPS files X, R and S.

Geovecteur®Plus processing

SPS Validation

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3d Land sequence to carry out:

Phase 1 (SPS processing)

Phase 2 (SPS and data merging)

Diskette coming from

Geoland containing final
SPS files (R, S and X).

Dosread or Getps
SEG D DATA
-> /proj/…./FIELD

Reformattage of SEG D
Quick Check by XQC SEGIN

Reformattage of SPS files

FPSR
Nav/P1 Lxy, geofile
Geometry Assignment

Base Map
BSMA
Definition of the grid (3D), Geometry Applying
Creation of VT and PSUPD TDETQ
elevation library
GVTLB

Creation of static
library with bldlst

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Phase 3 QC
Phase 4 Processing sequence

Data
Data with
with geometry
geometry applied
applied

Processing Sequence
Quality
Quality Control
Control
INPTR
Mutes
LMO on shot REFOR
Amplitudes
First Break stack
DECON
SDITR Deconvolutio
HISTA Statics
Static Lib.,
BSORT
Velocites,
ERROR
ERROR GOOD
GOOD FANMO
Output data
SEG Y or CGG format Stack CDP
STACK
OUTBD

Give back SPS to

Geoland for control TAPE
TAPE Brute Stack
and correction. Plot

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Phase 1

1.1 Copy the SPS files from the floppy in your project.

H26 FILE SPS TYPE " S "

H26 SURVEY AREA : DEMO3D
H26 SWATH NAME : SW 15
H26
H26 DEFINITION OF FIELD COLS FORMAT UNITS
H26 Record identification 1- 1 A1 #
H26 Line name 2-17 4A4 #
H26 Point number 18-25 2A4 #
H26 Point index 26-26 I1 #
H26 Point code 27-28 A2 #
H26 Static correction 29-32 I4 Msec
H26 Point depth 33-36 F4.1 Metre
H26 Seismic datum 37-40 I4 Metre
H26 Uphole time 41-42 I2 Msec
H26 Water depth 43-46 F4.1 Metre
H26 Map grid easting 47-55 F9.1 #
H26 Map grid northing 56-65 F10.1 #
H26 Surface elevation 66-71 F6.1 Metre
H26 Day of year (julian day) 72-74 I3 #
H26 Time (hhmmss) 75-80 3I2 #
H26 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
H26 5678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
S 198 6211E1 7.0 011 336355.4 671909.8 -1.0059102629
S 198 6221E1 7.0 016 336381.9 671867.4 -1.0059102905
S 198 6231E1 7.0 016 336408.4 671825.0 -1.0059103109

H26 FILE SPS TYPE " X "

H26 SURVEY AREA : DEMO3D
H26 SWATH NAME : SW 15
H26
H26 DEFINITION OF FIELD COLS FORMAT UNITS
H26 Record identification 1- 1 A1 #
H26 Field tape number 2- 7 3A2 #
H26 Field record number 8-11 I4 #
H26 Field record increment 12-12 I1 #
H26 Instrument code 13-13 A1 #
H26 Line name 14-29 4A4 #
H26 Point number 30-37 2A4 #
H26 Point index 38-38 I1 #
H26 From channel 39-42 I4 #
H26 To channel 43-46 I4 #
H26 Channel increment 47-47 I1 #
H26 Line name 48-63 4A4 #
H26 From receiver 64-71 2A4 #
H26 To receiver 72-79 2A4 #
H26 Receiver index 80-80 I1 #
H26
H26 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
H26 5678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890
X 94 247811198 6211 31 80115 201 2501
X 94 247811198 6211 111 160116 201 2501
X 94 247811198 6211 191 240117 201 2501
X 94 247811198 6211 271 320118 201 2501
X 94 247811198 6211 351 400119 201 2501
X 94 247811198 6211 431 480120 201 2501
X 94 247811198 6211 511 560121 201 2501

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X 94 247911198 6221 31 80115 201 2501
X 94 247911198 6221 111 160116 201 2501
X 94 247911198 6221 191 240117 201 2501
X 94 247911198 6221 271 320118 201 2501
X 94 247911198 6221 351 400119 201 2501
X 94 247911198 6221 431 480120 201 2501
X 94 247911198 6221 511 560121 201 2501

1.2 Quick check by XQC.

Check alti, check VT vs Point Depth. Create first format with application
XQCimport. (string,~H, to describe column 1. Very important to remove
header).
Then in XQC, represent in 2D perspective X,Y and Z. Then, X,Y and VT.
Then, X,Y and [Pointdepth (m)/VT (ms)]

1.3 Reformattage

Create Geometry file (GEOFILE), NAV/P1 file for receivers, NAV/P1

file for sources, LIBRI XY - SP and receiver position.

Important data to provide will be :

- The SPS files to be used (example coding UDFILE .. S,R or X =)

- The output file name (example coding UDFILE=)
- The columns extracted from the input files and written to the output
(example coding : SPN=C37-C39 etc …)

Following rules to be respected in 3D :

. SP number =Shot line no. + SP no. on line.

. Receiver number = receiver line no. + receiver no. on line.

Extract elevation and VT for NAV/P1

Create libri SI.

Files created :

GEOFILE
Y 350 198621 1986212478 111 7
15201 31 113 15250 80 113 16201 111 113 16250 160 113
17201 191 113 17250 240 113 18201 271 113 18250 320 113
19201 351 113 19250 400 113 20201 431 113 20250 480 113
21201 511 113 21250 560 113
Y 350 198622 1986222479 111 7

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15201 31 113 15250 80 113 16201 111 113 16250 160 113
17201 191 113 17250 240 113 18201 271 113 18250 320 113
19201 351 113 19250 400 113 20201 431 113 20250 480 113
21201 511 113 21250 560 113

NAV/P1 Receiver
G 15 15. 15201. 335918.20 672845.20 0.00 113 0 0 0 0.00
G 15 15. 15202. 335960.60 672871.70 -1.00 113 0 0 0 0.00
G 15 15. 15203. 336003.00 672898.20 -1.00 113 0 0 0 0.00
G 15 15. 15204. 336017.80 672968.80 -1.00 113 0 0 0 0.00
G 15 15. 15205. 336046.50 673017.40 -1.00 113 0 0 0 0.00
G 15 15. 15206. 336075.60 673065.10 -1.00 113 0 0 0 0.00
G 15 15. 15207. 336130.20 673072.10 -1.00 113 0 0 0 0.00

NAV/P1 Source
S SAWTH15 198. 198621. 336355.40 671909.80 -1.00 11.000 7.0000 0.00E+00 111 0 7 11
S SAWTH15 198. 198622. 336381.90 671867.40 -1.00 16.000 7.0000 0.00E+00 111 0 7 16
S SAWTH15 198. 198623. 336408.40 671825.00 -1.00 16.000 7.0000 0.00E+00 111 0 7 16
S SAWTH15 198. 198624. 336434.90 671782.50 -1.00 18.000 7.0000 0.00E+00 111 0 7 18
S SAWTH15 198. 198625. 336461.30 671740.10 -1.00 18.000 7.0000 0.00E+00 111 0 7 18
S SAWTH15 201. 201620. 336456.10 672031.60 -1.00 14.000 9.0000 0.00E+00 111 0 9 14
…

Libri XY

** STRIP NB. 15
* LIBRI XY 12 FAC1,
S 15201,X 335918.2,Y 672845.2,
S 15202,X 335960.6,Y 672871.7,
S 15203,X 336003.0,Y 672898.2,
S 15204,X 336017.8,Y 672968.8,
S 15205,X 336046.5,Y 673017.4,

…
PT 196602,X 335745.9,Y 672649.2,
PT 196603,X 335793.6,Y 672620.0,
PT 197604,X 335841.3,Y 672590.9,
PT 197605,X 335889.0,Y 672561.7,
PT 198606,X 335941.0,Y 672535.2,
PT 198607,X 335988.7,Y 672506.0,
…

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1.4 Create a location map.

- Sort the source file with the following command from the directory
where your navp1 file is located :

>sort +0.c1 -0.c2 navs.SAV > navssorted.SAV

where c1 is the column preceding the field of shotpoint number and

where c2 is the last column of the field of shotpoint number.

- Then, concatenate the 2 nav files to create the input file for module
BSMAP and plotting both source and receiver on the same map. Use module
BSMAP with the following parameters :

* BSMAP PFC=A4,IDC=FPSRD,
A4,NOLOGO,CROPLT,
TYPPOS=G,PEN1, SIZNUM0.1,ANO5,SYMBANO1,DEBANO0,
HSANN0.07,ANN10,SYMBANN0,ANGNUM302,DECNUM0.3,
COMSYM=receivers,
TYPPOS=S, IPLOT4,SIZE0.1,SIZNUM0.1,ANO1,SYMBANO11,
DEBANO0,HSANN0.07,ANN20,SYMBANN11,ANGNUM32,
DECNUM0.3,COMSYM=sources,
INDEX,LANG0,
CONTRACT=COMPAGNIE GENERALE DE GEOPHYSIQUE,
ADDRESS=1 rue Leon Migaux,CITY=91341 MASSY
CEDEX,COUNTRY=FRANCE,LOGO=CARIGALI,
TITLE1=3DMAP,
TITLE2=SHOTPOINTS AND RECEIVERS,
TITLE3=SWATH15, AUTHOR=CEFOGA,

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1.5 Create elevation and VT library.

Using module GVTLB, create a static library (*.lst) with elevation (VPZ).
This library will be useful to calculate elevation statics directly from the
application SDITR (primary statics).
* LIBRI ST 1
CS
CS 15201= 0.00,
-1.00,CS 15203- 15210= -1.00, 1.00, -1.00,
CS 15213- 15240= -1.00, 0.00,CS 15242- 15251=
0.00,
1.00,CS 15253- 15263= 1.00, 0.00, 1.00,
CS 15266- 15268= 1.00, 0.00,CS 15270- 15271=
0.00,
1.00, 0.00,CS 15274- 15281= 0.00,CS 16201=
-1.00,

Using module GVTLB, create a static library (*.lst) with VT (VPALPHA or

VPBETA or VPGAMA).
* LIBRI ST 2
CP
CP 195601= 18.00,
CP 196602= 15.00, 16.00,CP 197604= 16.00, 15.00,
CP 198606= 13.00, 10.00,CP 198621= 11.00, 16.00,
16.00,
18.00, 18.00,CP 199609= 16.00,CP 200610= 20.00,
CP 201620= 14.00,CP 202621= 15.00, 15.00,
…

1.6 Create static library with bldlst

This elevation statics library could be apply (with HISTA) before SDITR. In this case, you
don't need elevations any more and you will calculate only refraction statics in SDITR
(residual computation).

- In geopad, select the concatenated and sorted nav file, then open bldlst in Geounix.
- post value=1, DP velocity = replacement velocity, WZ thickness=0, WZ
velocity=1000.
- A static library is created in the same directory of your navp1. Copy it into
LIBRIS.

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Phase 2

2.0 SEGIN

Check tape format with tpct.

Simple interval ? Trace length ?

Create SEGIN job.

SEGIN (libri FI from QUICKSTART)

FILTR (anti-aliasing filter)
TRANS (4 PM resampling)
MODET (save record number in word 22)
OUTBD (FMT5, RL 3000)
LISTE (complete header, 1/10000)

Add a WUNET to display some shot points (1/20).

Number of traces in this staged data ? Minimum and maximum record number ?
In which words is stored SP, RP, RPL and SPL numbers ?
Remark : Values of word 62 and word 63 are reversed. This error comes from the tape
file header (check this error by Tpct). Word values could be reversed with a MODET.

2.1 Geometry check

Use job from QUICKSTART Geometry_Assigment_anomaly_List.

Add a Modet in case word62 and 63 reversed.
Control result on list. Which words are updated by PSUPD. Why do we
have invalidated traces ?

2.2 CDP Grid

In 3D, reflection points (CDP) will be gathered if they belong to the same
bin, an elementary surface. A grid definition is necessary to define the
size and the orientation of bins, then the origin of bin grid.
Two methods are used to define the grid in field operations.
1) With Geoland®
2) With Grillth, a Geounix program of Geovecteur®

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1) From a theoric prospect, define the default CDP grid. Bin should
be half of intertrace and half of interSP dimension. Prospect grid
and CDP grid should have the same orientation. Origin of grid
correspond to the midpoint between the origin of receiver and
the first source position of prospect grids.
This grid in Geoland convention could be immediately
converted in Geovecteur convention. You only have to convert
degrees or grads into radians.

Be careful. Geoland accepts negative bins, not Geovecteur.

2) Use the following methods for this exercise as we have not

Geoland prospect grid. In Geopad, select a file of LIBRIS, then
open Grillth (Geounix).
Before filling the cells, you should understand the following
description of a CDP grid.

DX
Line axis
DY

CDP Axis
AZX
AZY

YOR
BIN (1,1)

BIN (0,0)

XOR X (absolute system)

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Angle conversion

Increasing line
number

Increasing CDP
AZY number

AZX

AZY = AZX + /2

AZY = AZX - /2

AZX

AZY

Increasing CDP
number
Increasing line
number

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Known value :

- Distance between receiver points and distance between shot points (50
m) so CDP size.
- Receiver coordinates.

You look for AZX and grid origin.

To determinate AZX, you need two receiver points coordinates

from a same receiver lines as CDP line and receiver line should have the
same orientation. The problem consists in the determination of grid origin.

To calculate the grid origin with grillth, you will proceed in 3 steps

First, you choose a receiver points with real coordinates close to theoretic
coordinates and you choose an approximate location for the grid origin
(use your Base Map).

SP number
increasing

Receiver number
increasing

Origin should be choose in this

quarter to have positive CDP
and CDP line number

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Second step is to give a relative position of the chosen origin from the
selected receiver. This consists only in the determination of integer bin
intervals between the selected receiver and the approximate chosen
position for grid origin.

Number of
bin intervals

Number of
bin intervals

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Last step. If we consider that the CDP grid coordinates of origin is (0,0),
we can deduce the CDP grid coordinates of selected receiver.

Y
Selected RP
Line axis

CDP Axis

M bin
interval
YOR
N bin
BIN (N,M)
interval
BIN (0,0)

X (absolute system)
XOR

The CDP grid coordinates for the receiver will be (N+0.5, M+0.5) as the
receiver location is distant of 1/2 bin from the bin (N,M).

In conclusion :

CDP grid Origin Selected receiver point

CDP grid coordinates (0,0) (N+0.5,M+0.5)
Absolute system coordinates (XOR,YOR) ? (X,Y) from SPS

Thanks to azimuth, grillth will calculate (XOR, YOR).

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Name of library

Bin size

+ or - following
Values to
convention
determinate

N+0,5 Coordinates of
reference point
M+0,5
Coordinates of
another point
from the same
receiver line

Click on save to
validate input values.
Missing values are
calculated, library is
created

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* LIBRI GR 01 XOR 335647.39,YOR 668535.78,

AZX 0.55809712,AZY 2.12889344,
DCDP 25.00,DLINE 25.00

Now, you can improve this grid by using a special numbering corresponding
with the surface numbering. This will permit you to get the surface location of
any bins.

In this particular case, numbering of receiver lines does not correspond with SP
number : RL 15 is between SP 600 and 601 (Actually is RL 600).
RL 16 is between SP 605 and 606 (Actually is RL 605).
RL 17 is between SP 610 and 611 (Actually is RL 610).
RL 18 is between SP 615 and 616 (Actually is RL 615).
RL 19 is between SP 620 and 621 (Actually is RL 620).
RL 20 is between SP 625 and 626 (Actually is RL 625).
RL 21 is between SP 630 and 631 (Actually is RL 630).
If now, we multiplied by 2 to get integer values for CDP numbering
corresponding to the surface, the CDP line numbers before RL 600 will be 1200
and after RL 600 will be 1201. So for CDP grid, RL 600 is actually CDP line
number 1200.5.
CDP line 1200

CDP line 1201

CDP line 1200.5 (RL 600 or RL 15)

By doing the same CDP grid numbering and using the previous
methods, find an adequate CDP grid for this survey. Control your grid within
grillth.

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2.3 Geometry updating

When a grid is calculated, you can update the geometry in the trace
headers with modules PSUPD and TDETQ.
The easiest way would be to create a job INPTR - PSUPD - TDETQ -
OUTBD to get the initial file with trace headers updated. However, you
hardly have enough space on your disk and enough time to duplicate your
initial data. Also, you will process one in-line and one-cross-line from
time to time which could require data from different swaths. So it would
be better to save data for some CDPs (in-lines) and some CDP lines
(cross-lines).
In this exercise you will save data for one CDP in one file and for one
CDP line in a second file.
This should be done after QC.

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Phase 3

3.1 Refractor analysis

From QUICKSTART, create JOB Refractor_Velocity_Analysis.

Insert PSUPD and TDETQ. Control header words. Which important
words are updated by TDETQ ?

Selection of a refractor consists in selection of an offset range and a

velocity where a refractor looks constant (see 2D example).

Offset range
0 Offset

T= X/V + I

In the following jobs, you will insert PSUPD and TDETQ. You can also
generate a new file for the selected offset range with the header trace
updated.

3.2 FB stack

This is the quickest way to check the geometry. From QUICKSTART,

create First Break Stack JOB using the V and offset previously chosen. In
this job, apply the statics library containing VT (increasing time to place
SP at surface), then apply simple elevation statics if rough topography (by
bldlst).

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3.3 Pip Jobs

From QUICKSTART, create LMO on Shot Job using V and offset

previously chosen. In this job, apply statics library containing VT (to
come back up to the surface), then apply simple elevation statics.
Select for all shot points a few traces with a constant refractor. Only in-
line errors will be visible.

3.4 SDITR

From QUICKSTART, create Job Create_input_SDITR using V and

offset previously chosen. Two possibilities could be chosen for statics.
1) Apply statics library containing VT (increasing time to place SP
at surface), then apply simple elevations statics. In this case, you
will only calculate refraction statics inside SDITR (residual).
2) Apply only statics library containing VT. Add two modules
HABIL to update words 38 and 39 with elevation values from
the statics library containing elevations. In this case, you will
compute total statics inside SDITR (primary + residual). If there
is strong variation of elevation, elementary trace picking may be
necessary.

Run the application SDITR and load data previously created.

Compute refraction statics, then check source position with an error
detection > 25m.
Plot FB stack (SDITR output file in APPLIWORK) with statics.
Validate error detected. Which points have a bad position ?
Save statics library and lxy library.
In the field you will need to explain these errors with Geoland, Surveyors
or Observers and correct then if possible.
Sometimes you will have a special right to modify the SPS files with
SDITR coordinates. Do this last option for this particular exercise.

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3.5 CORRECTIONS AND PROCESSING CENTER TAPE

CREATION.

Run again FPSRD job with new SPS. Overwrite existing files.
Create a new input file for SDITR.
After static computation check source position. If OK, create a simple job
INPTR -OUTBD to create a copy on exabyte for CGG processing center
and a copy in SEG Y format on cartridge for the client.

Phase 4

4.0 Geometry updating

From QUICKSTART, create JOB Geometry Updating and Saving.

Processing will be done only for one line and one cross-line.

4.1 MUTE on shot points.

This mute is not accurate. You mute the superficial noise and refraction
by picking just under first arrival. Select 3 shot points on BSMAP and sort ONE
2, TWO 20. Then pick mute with seismic application. You will load this mute in
DECON (No mute application active), and in VESPA.

4.2 Deconvolution

On good data apply a spiking deconvolution (DECON), on poor data use a

predictive deconvolution with a gap (TRITA). (see 2D land).
Find Deconvolution parameters doing an autocorrelation of one SP traces in
Exam.

4.3 Velocity analysis (VSCAN)

Use QUICKSTART job. Select all CDP for a central CDP line for which
coverage is maximum. Create an exam output (.cst) in order to use MVP
application. You don't need any plot unless MVP application has a
problem.

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4.4 Creation of central velocity library (MVP)

Input the previous .cst into MVP application and pick horizons every 40
CDP. VF=5000 m/s.
Modify library to be coherent with Geovecteur as following :
* LIBRI VI 1 WORD19 = LINE 50,
( 50- 153)=T 225V 1807,
T 500V 1877,T 675V 1946,T 725V 1970,T 900V 2020,T 1100V 2026,
T 1375V 2405,T 1700V 2790,T 1750V 2860,T 1800V 3022,T 1925V 3089,
T 1950V 3162,T 2175V 3247,T 2350V 3521,
VF 5000,
…

4.5 Input Velcom creation (VESPA)

Use QUICKSTART job. Input velocity library from MVP. Select 3 CDP
on the previous CDP line for Velcom analysis.
To select 3CDP where coverage is maximum, you can create a coverage
map in Geoland and read CDP, CDP number from the shooting window.
You can do that if the CDP grid is the same for Geoland and Geovecteur.
The data should have .velcom as extension.

4.6 Picked Velocity library creation (Velcom)

Input .velcom. and pick carefully spectrum energy with mini stack
display. Do not forget to extend boundaries when creating library.

4.7 MUTE after NMO.

This mute is accurate. You mute this time first arrival + superficial noise
+ stretching effects. As the coverage is low, you can use 2 or 3 consecutive CDP
to pick this mute.

4.8 IN-Line and cross-line stack.

INPTR -REFOR-DECON-HISTA-BSORT-FANMO-DYNQU -STACK-

FILTR-DYNQU-PLOTX.

4.9 In-line stack with residual statics (SATAN).

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