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Introduction To Civil Engineering (VTU I/II Sem ECE&M Module 1 (A) Notes)

This document provides an overview of the field of civil engineering and its various subfields. It discusses the scope of civil engineering, including the areas of surveying, building materials, construction technology, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, hydraulics, water resources and irrigation engineering, transportation engineering, and environmental engineering. It also describes the role of civil engineers in infrastructure development and the effects of infrastructure on socioeconomic development.

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18K views3 pages

Introduction To Civil Engineering (VTU I/II Sem ECE&M Module 1 (A) Notes)

This document provides an overview of the field of civil engineering and its various subfields. It discusses the scope of civil engineering, including the areas of surveying, building materials, construction technology, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, hydraulics, water resources and irrigation engineering, transportation engineering, and environmental engineering. It also describes the role of civil engineers in infrastructure development and the effects of infrastructure on socioeconomic development.

Uploaded by

sathish_ya
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Elements of Civil Engineering & Mechanics (18CIV14/24)

Module 1 Introduction to Civil Engineering & Engineering Mechanics


Introduction to Civil Engineering
Engineering: It is a profession of converting scientific knowledge into useful practical applications,
where the materials & forces in nature are effectively used for the benefit of mankind. An Engineer is a
person who plays a key role in such activities.

Civil Engineering: It is the oldest branch of professional engineering, where the civil engineers are
concerned with projects for the public or civilians.

A. Scope of different fields of Civil Engineering


1. Surveying
2. Building Materials
3. Construction Technology
4. Geotechnical Engineering
5. Structural Engineering
6. Hydraulics
7. Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering
8. Transportation Engineering
9. Environmental Engineering

1) Surveying
i. It helps to collect field data
ii. To prepare plan or map of the area surveyed
iii. To set out field parameters at the site for further engineering works
iv. To establish boundaries of land
v. To analyse and to calculate the field parameters for setting out operation of actual engineering
works

2) Building Materials
i. This deals with materials used for construction. Brick, tiles, soil, cement, stone, steel, aggregates,
glass, wood, plastics etc. include construction materials. Some are natural and many are man
made.
ii. This deals with the proper use of desired material economically and safely.
iii. The mechanical properties of these materials shall be sufficient to avoid failure and excessive
deformation and provide durability.
iv. The chemical properties shall be to maintain good environment.

3) Construction Technology
i. Construction Technology deals with planning the different activities like manpower, materials &
machinery, so that the construction is completed in time and in an economical manner.
ii. It gives guidelines regarding the execution of construction work to be carried out.
iii. It helps in preparing construction schedule. Schedule is a systematic path of different activities
carried out one after another.
iv. It helps in proper management of material, labour and equipments.
v. It helps in arranging for finance and due to proper construction management there is financial
and overall control on the work.

Sathish Y A, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, S.J.C.I.T, Chickballapur Page 1


Elements of Civil Engineering & Mechanics (18CIV14/24)

4) Geotechnical Engineering (Soil Mechanics)


The study of properties & behaviour of soil under loads & changes in environmental
conditions is called Geo-technical engineering.
i. It deals with investigate the soil and bedrock
ii. It helps to select the type of foundation
iii. It deals with the design foundation for buildings, dams, retaining wall, bridge, road pavement
iv. It helps to study the effect of soil
v. It deals with the study of compaction of soil

5) Structural Engineering
i. It deals with analysis and design of structures.
ii. Sections of structural elements like beams, columns, slabs, etc. are designed.
iii. It includes design of reinforced cement concrete(RCC) and steel structures.
iv. Structural analysis is done to calculate stresses in structural components on the basis of loads,
acting on structures.
v. Design of multi-storeyed buildings, towers, retaining walls, water tanks, bridges requires skills
and knowledge of structural engineering.

6) Hydraulics
i. It deals with the study of mechanics of water and its flow characteristics.
ii. It also deals with the planning and manage the flow and storage of water.
iii. Hydraulic engineering is the application of the principles of fluid mechanics to problems dealing
with the collection, storage, control, transport, regulation, measurement, and use of water.

7) Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering


i. Irrigation Engineering deals with the planning, designing and maintaining of supply water by
artificial means to agricultural fields for raising crops.
ii. Water resource engineering deals with planning, designing and developing water resources.
iii. It includes design of hydraulic structures like dams, canals, hydro power stations, pipe networks
etc.
iv. It also includes watershed planning, water harvesting techniques.
v. It also deals with study of measurement of rainfall, study of rainfall, runoff and flood control.

8) Transportation Engineering
i. The transport system includes roadways, railways, airways & waterways.
ii. The role of transportation engineers is to construct facilities related to each mode of
transportation.
iii. It helps to improve the crucial sections of railways & roads.
iv. It helps to develop the roads to remote places.
v. Ports & harbours should be designed to accommodate.
vi. It involves geometric or shape and design.
vii. It involves accident study for safe and comfort transport system.
viii. For an airport, the runway & other facilities such as taxiways, terminal buildings, control towers
etc. should be properly designed.

9) Environmental Engineering (Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering)


i. Environmental Engineering deals with pollution control and public health engineering.
ii. Control of different types pollutions (water, air, noise and land pollutions)
iii. It deals with the supply of purified water to the public.
iv. Design of sedimentation tanks, filter beds, treatment plants etc. for water purification.
v. Sewage should be systematically collect and then dispose into natural environment after
providing suitable treatment.

Sathish Y A, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, S.J.C.I.T, Chickballapur Page 2


Elements of Civil Engineering & Mechanics (18CIV14/24)

B. Infrastructure
It may be defined as basic essential needs required for the smooth and effective functioning
of organization, Institute, State or country.

Types of Infrastructure
1. A good town planning and developing sites
2. Providing suitable roads and network of roads
3. Railway connection to important places
4. Airport of national and international standards
5. Water supply to towns, cities and rural areas
6. A good drainage and waste disposal system
7. Pollution free environment
8. Recreation facilities

Role of Civil Engineer in the Infrastructure Development


Civil engineer has a very important role in the development of the following infrastructures,
1. Measure and map the earth’s surface
2. Town and city planning
3. Build suitable structures for the rural and urban areas for various utilities
4. Build tanks, dams to exploit water resources
5. Purify the water and supply water to needy areas like houses, schools, offices and agriculture field.
6. Provide good drainage system and purification plants.
7. Provide and maintain communication systems like roads, railways, harbours and airports.
8. Devise systems for the control and efficient flow of traffic.
9. Plan and build river navigation and flood control projects
10. Monitor land, water and air pollution and take measures to control them.

Effects of the infrastructure facilities on socio-economic development of a country


1. Exploitation of natural resources can lead to environmental disasters.
2. Migration of people from villages to towns & cities in search of job takes place.
3. Slums are created in cities.
4. It becomes a huge financial burden on the government and tax payers.
5. Infrastructure development in urban areas has resulted in a bias in favour of rich.

Sathish Y A, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, S.J.C.I.T, Chickballapur Page 3

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