300+ TOP Operating System LAB VIVA Questions and Answers
300+ TOP Operating System LAB VIVA Questions and Answers
HOME Interview Questions MCQs *LAB VIVA CLASS NOTES SEMINAR TOPICS
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1. The hardware
2. The operating system
3. The application programs
4. The users.
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7.What is BIOS?
In batched operating system the users gives their jobs to the operator
who sorts the programs according to their requirements and executes
them. This is time consuming but makes the CPU busy all the time.
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1. Symmetric multiprocessing
2. Asymmetric multiprocessing
14.Define MULTICS?
15.What is SCSI?
16.What is a sector?
17.What is cache-coherency?
1. System mode.
2. User mode.
Here the user programs cannot directly interact with the system
resources, instead they request the operating system which checks the
request and does the required task for the user programs-DOS was
written for / intel 8088 and has no dual-mode. Pentium provides
dual-mode operation.
1. Process management
3. File management
6. Networking
7. Protection system
1. Program execution
2. I/O operations
4. Communication
5. Error detection
6. Resource allocation
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7. Accounting
8. Protection
System calls provide the interface between a process and the operating
system. System calls for modern Microsoft windows platforms are
part of the win32 API, which is available for all the compilers written
for Microsoft windows.
selected such that each uses the functions (operations) and services of
only lower layer. This approach simplifies the debugging and system
verification.
physical machine.
26.What is a process?
2. User processes
1. New
2. Running
3. Waiting
4. Ready
5. Terminated
1. Job queue
2. Ready queue
3. Device queue
The processes that are residing in the main memory and are ready and
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Time taken for switching from one process to other is pure over head.
Because the system does no useful work while switching. So one of the
solutions is to go for threading when ever possible.
36.What is a thread?
2. Resources sharing
1. User thread
2. Kernel thread
User threads are easy to create and use but the disadvantage is that if
they perform a blocking system calls the kernel is engaged completely
to the single user thread blocking other processes. They are created in
user space.Kernel threads are supported directly by the operating
system. They are slower to create and manage. Most of the OS like
Windows NT, Windows 2000, Solaris2, BeOS, and Tru64 Unix
support kernel threading.
Java threads are created and managed by the java virtual machine,
they do not easily fall under the category of either user or kernel
thread……
Many OS provide both kernel threading and user threading. They are
called multithreading models. They are of three types:
1. Many-to-one model (many user level thread and one kernel thread).
2. One-to-one model
3. Many-to –many
In the first model only one user can access the kernel thread by not
allowing multi-processing. Example: Green threads of Solaris.The
second model allows multiple threads to run on parallel processing
systems. Creating user thread needs to create corresponding kernel
thread (disadvantage).Example: Windows NT, Windows 2000,
OS/2.The third model allows the user to create as many threads as
necessary and the corresponding kernel threads can run in parallel on
a multiprocessor.
41.What is a P-thread?
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the same data. The technique we use for this is called process
synchronization.
1. Mutual exclusion
2. Progress
3. bounded waiting
45.What is a semaphore?
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and full semaphores count the number of empty and full buffers,
respectively. Empty is initialized to n, and full is initialized to 0.
From time to time, a philosopher gets hungry and tries to pick up two
chop sticks that are closest to her .A philosopher may pick up only one
chop stick at a time. Obviously she can’t pick the stick in some others
hand. When a hungry philosopher has both her chopsticks at the same
time, she eats without releasing her chopsticks. When she is finished
eating, she puts down both of her chopsticks and start thinking again.
49.What is a deadlock?
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2. Hold and wait (where a process hold one resource and waits for
other resource)
else 1 )
mutually exclusive.
2. Hold and wait : To avoid this condition we have to ensure that
if a process is requesting for a resource it should not hold any
resources.
3. No preemption : If a process is holding some resources and
requests another resource that cannot be immediately allocated
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2. Banker’s algorithm
a. Safety algorithm
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A real time process is a process that must respond to the events within
a certain time period. A real time operating system is an operating
system that can run real time processes successfully
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Switching the CPU to another process requires saving the state of the
old process and loading the saved state for the new process. This task
is known as a context switch.Context-switch time is pure overhead,
because the system does no useful work while switching. Its speed
varies from machine to machine, depending on the memory speed, the
number of registers which must be copied, the existed of special
instructions(such as a single instruction to load or store all registers).
Loosely coupled system – each processor has its own local memory;
processors communicate with one another through various
communications lines, such as high-speed buses or telephone lines
->Resources Sharing
->Reliability
->Communications
Main memory: – only large storage media that the CPU can access
directly.
4.Terminates.
Scheduling under 1 and 4 is nonpreemptive.
All other scheduling is preemptive.
Switching context
Dispatch latency – time it takes for the dispatcher to stop one process
and start another running.
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Consider any system where people use some kind of resources and
compete for them. The non-computer examples for preemptive
scheduling the traffic on the single lane road if there is emergency or
there is an ambulance on the road the other vehicles give path to the
vehicles that are in need. The example for preemptive scheduling is
people standing in queue for tickets.
->Ignore the problem and pretend that deadlocks never occur in the
system; used by most operating systems, including
UNIX.
->Sequence is safe if for each Pi, the resources that Pi can still request
can be satisfied by
When Pi terminates, Pi+1 can obtain its needed resources, and so on.
Process Termination:
How long process has computed, and how much longer to completion.
Resource Preemption:
->Rollback – return to some safe state, restart process for that state.
->Starvation – same process may always be picked as victim, include
number of rollback in cost factor.
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Execution time: Binding delayed until run time if the process can be
moved during its execution from one memory segment to another.
Need hardware support for address maps (e.g., base and limit
registers).
->The user program deals with logical addresses; it never sees the real
physical addresses
Dynamic Loading:
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Dynamic Linking:
Linking postponed until execution time.
Small piece of code, stub, used to locate the appropriate
memory-resident library routine.
Stub replaces itself with the address of the routine, and executes
the routine.
Operating system needed to check if routine is in processes’
memory address.
Dynamic linking is particularly useful for libraries.
Overlays:
Keep in memory only those instructions and data that are
needed at any given time.
Needed when process is larger than amount of memory
allocated to it.
Implemented by user, no special support needed from operating
system, programming design of overlay structure is complex.
compaction
Demand Paging: Demand paging is the paging policy that a page is not
read into memory until it is requested, that is, until there is a page
fault on the page.
A page fault occurs when an access to a page that has not been
brought into main memory takes place. The operating system verifies
the memory access, aborting the program if it is invalid. If it is valid, a
free frame is located and I/O is requested to read the needed page into
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the free frame. Upon completion of I/O, the process table and page
table are updated and the instruction is restarted
------>>[MOST IMPORTANT]<<------
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A.HARIHARAN
MARCH 14, 2016 AT 10:07 AM
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