Mysql Always Up Mit Galera Cluster

www.fromdual.
com
MySQL always-up
with Galera Cluster
SLAC 2014
May 14, 2014, Berlin
by [email protected]
www.fromdual.com
1 / 31
About FromDual GmbH www.fromdual.com
● FromDual provides neutral and independent:

● Consulting for MySQL, Galera Cluster, MariaDB and
Percona Server
● Support for all MySQL and Galera Cluster
● Remote-DBA Services for all MySQL
● MySQL Training
● Open Source Business Alliance (OSBA)
● Member of SOUG, DOAG, /ch/open
www.fromdual.com
2 / 31
Always-up? :-( www.fromdual.com
● Its also about maintenance...
● Who loves night-shifts?

● Who loves weekend-work?
● Who does regular upgrade (DB, kernel, etc.)?
● Who does regular reboots (after kernel
upgrade)?
● Why are you not doing it in your office hours?

3 / 31
www.fromdual.com
The Galera Cluster for MySQL
4 / 31
Maintenance time... www.fromdual.com
App
Load balancing (LB)
Upgrade
RAM/HW
Node 1 Node 2 Node O/S 3
wsrep wsrep DB?
wsrep
Galera replication
5 / 31
Advantages / Disadvantages www.fromdual.com
Based on InnoDB SE
Synchronous replication → No lost transaction
Active-active multi-master Cluster
→ Read and write to any cluster node (no r/w split any more!)
Read scalability and higher write throughput (Flash-Cache?)
Automatic node membership control
Rolling Restart (Upgrade of Hardware, O/S, DB release, etc.)
True parallel replication, on row level → No slave lag
A bit more complicated than normal MySQL, but similar
complexity as M/S Replication!
No original MySQL binaries → Codership MySQL binaries
Be aware of Hot Spots on rows: Higher probability of deadlocks
6 / 31
Quorum and Split-brain www.fromdual.com
● What is the problem?

● Split-brain → bad!
● Galera is a pessimistic Cluster → good!

● Quorum: FLOOR(n/2+1)
→ more than half! → 3-node Cluster (or 2+1)
7 / 31
Quorum www.fromdual.com
8 / 31
www.fromdual.com
Installation and Configuration
9 / 31
Installation www.fromdual.com
● Galera Cluster consists of:

● A patched Codership MySQL (mysqld)
● Or MariaDB Galera Cluster
● Or Percona XtraDB Cluster
● The Galera Plugin (libgalera_smm.so)
● Ways of installation
● Packets (RPM, DEB)
● Binary tar-ball
● Patch MySQL source and compile both
● Download http://galeracluster.com/downloads/
10 / 31
MySQL Configuration www.fromdual.com
my.cnf
[mysqld]
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
binlog_format = row
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2 # parallel applying
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0 # performance only!
query_cache_size = 0 # Galera 3 → experimental
query_cache_type = 0 # Mutex! Consistency!
11 / 31
Galera Configuration www.fromdual.com
my.cnf (conf.d/wsrep.cnf)
[mysqld]
# wsrep_provider = none
wsrep_provider = …/lib/plugin/libgalera_smm.so
# wsrep_cluster_address = "gcomm://"
wsrep_cluster_address = "gcomm://ip_node2,ip_node3"
wsrep_cluster_name = 'Galera Cluster'

wsrep_node_name = 'Node A'
wsrep_sst_method = mysqldump
wsrep_sst_auth = sst:secret
12 / 31
www.fromdual.com
Operations
13 / 31
Initial Cluster start www.fromdual.com
● Start very 1st node with:

wsrep_cluster_address = "gcomm://"
or
mysqld_safe wsrepclusteraddress="gcomm://"
● → this tells the node to be the first one!
● All other nodes normal:
service mysqld start
14 / 31
Rolling Restart www.fromdual.com
● Scenario:
● Hardware-, O/S-, DB- and Galera-Upgrade
● MySQL configuration change
● During full operation!!! (99.999% HA, 5x9 HA)
● → Rolling Restart
● Start one node after the other in a cycle
● New features or settings are used after Rolling
Restart is completed
15 / 31
www.fromdual.com
Demo?
16 / 31
Load Balancing www.fromdual.com
● Connectors
● Connector/J
● PHP: MySQLnd replication and load balancing
plug-in
● SW Load Balancer
● GLB, LVS/IPVS/Ldirector, HAProxy
● HW Load Balancer
17 / 31
Location of Load Balancing www.fromdual.com
18 / 31
www.fromdual.com
Demo?
19 / 31
Catch Node State Change www.fromdual.com
● Node State Change

● Initialized (0), Joining (1), Donor/Desynced (2), Synced (4), ...
● Galera node acts as follows;
● ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL
server at 'reading initial communication packet',
system error: 2
● ERROR 1047 (08S01) at line 1: Unknown command
→ this is ugly!
● Catch the state change with:
● wsrep_notify_cmd
● To start Firewall Rules (REJECT)
● To take node out of Load Balancer
20 / 31
www.fromdual.com
Demo?
21 / 31
Online Schema Upgrade (OSU) www.fromdual.com
● Schema Upgrade = DDL run against the DB

● Change DB structure
● Non transactional
● 2 Methods:
● Total Order Isolation (TOI) (default)
● Rolling Schema Upgrade (RSU)
● wsrep_osu_method = {TOI|RSU}
22 / 31
Total Order Isolation (TOI) www.fromdual.com
● Default
● Part of the database is locked for the
duration of the DDL.
+ Simple, predictable and guaranteed data
consistency.
- Locking operation
● Good for fast DDL operations
23 / 31
Rolling Schema Upgrade (RSU) www.fromdual.com
● DDL will be only processed locally at the

node.
● Node is desynchronized
● After DDL, delayed write sets are applied
● DDL should be manually executed at each
node.
+ only blocking one node at a time
- potentially unsafe and may fail if new and
old schema are incompatible
● Good for slow DDL operations
24 / 31
www.fromdual.com
Other security related stuff
25 / 31
Caution! www.fromdual.com
!
26 / 31
Galera Network Configuration
www.fromdual.com
27 / 31
WAN – Cluster www.fromdual.com
● WAN = Wide Area Network

● Connect 2 or more locations over a public or
private Network
● What are the problems?

● Round Trip Time (RTT)
● Throughput
● Network Stability
● Wrong set-ups
28 / 31
Communication encryption www.fromdual.com
● 2 Possibilities:
1.) Make Network secure (V-LAN, VPN with SSL, stunnel)
2.) Encrypt Galera communication with SSL
● Caution: only Galera replication is affected!
● NOT State Snapshot Transfer (SST, mysqldump | mysql,
rsync)
● NOT Client connection (mysql), use MySQL SSL
encryption!
● But Incremental State Transfer (IST) IS affected (= Galera
Protocol)!
● We recommend for ease of use: Do it on Network
level!
29 / 31
Wir suchen noch: www.fromdual.com
● Datenbank Enthusiast/in für

Support / remote-DBA / Beratung
30 / 31
Q&A www.fromdual.com
Questions ?
Discussion?
We have time for some face-to-face talks...
● FromDual provides neutral and independent:

● Consulting
● Remote-DBA
● Support for MySQL, Galera, Percona Server and MariaDB
● Training
www.fromdual.com
31 / 31

Mysql Always Up Mit Galera Cluster

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mysql Always Up Mit Galera Cluster

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mysql Always Up Mit Galera Cluster

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

www.fromdual.

● FromDual provides neutral and independent:

● Its also about maintenance...

● Who loves night-shifts?

● Why are you not doing it in your office hours?

The Galera Cluster for MySQL

Load balancing (LB)

● What is the problem?

● Galera is a pessimistic Cluster → good!

Installation and Configuration

● Galera Cluster consists of:

wsrep_cluster_name = 'Galera Cluster'

● Start very 1st node with:

● Node State Change

● Schema Upgrade = DDL run against the DB

● DDL will be only processed locally at the

Other security related stuff

● WAN = Wide Area Network

● What are the problems?

● Datenbank Enthusiast/in für

We have time for some face-to-face talks...

● FromDual provides neutral and independent:

You might also like