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Creep Law

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1) Convert load to stress: σ = P/A = 36 kN / A = 36,000 N / A 2) For yield criterion at 815°C: σ ≤ 410 MPa => A ≥ 36,000 / 410,000 = 88 mm^2 3) For 1,000 hrs rupture life at 815°C and FS of 3: σ ≤ 140/3 = 47 MPa => A ≥ 36,000 / 47,000 = 765 mm^2 4) Given creep rate equation: ε̇ = 2.75x10−28σ9.6 5) Set ε̇ = 1%/

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Michael Vincent Mirafuentes
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80 views23 pages

Creep Law

Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1) Convert load to stress: σ = P/A = 36 kN / A = 36,000 N / A 2) For yield criterion at 815°C: σ ≤ 410 MPa => A ≥ 36,000 / 410,000 = 88 mm^2 3) For 1,000 hrs rupture life at 815°C and FS of 3: σ ≤ 140/3 = 47 MPa => A ≥ 36,000 / 47,000 = 765 mm^2 4) Given creep rate equation: ε̇ = 2.75x10−28σ9.6 5) Set ε̇ = 1%/

Uploaded by

Michael Vincent Mirafuentes
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Creep of Metals

CREEP

• measures the effect of


temperature on metal’s
strength

 Creep is described as
time-dependent
deformation at constant
loads and at high
temperature
High Temperature Applications
At What Temperature is creep
Significant?
• Homologous Temperature, 
– ratio of working temp (K) to melting temp (K)
– = Tw/Tm

“Creep is important when  > 0.5”


CREEP DATA

• creep test involves a UTM with furnace


• results of test yield the creep curve
Creep Test Sample
CREEP TESTER
Creep Curve

 important
in this curve
is the strain
rate or
creep rate
Creep Curve

Steady State Creep

Transient
Creep
Important Information in Creep
Curve

Steady State Creep Rate Time to Rupture or Rupture


slope of secondary creep Lifetime, tr
most important parameter considered for
parameter in engineering short-creep situations such as
design considerations in the case of turbine blades
Influence of Stress and Temperature

.
 Qc 
 s  K exp  
n

 RT 
What Causes Plastic Deformation at
Different Temperatures?

• Low Temperature  High Temperature


High-Temperature Deformation
Mechanisms

• Slip
• Diffusion-aided Deformation

The best way to understand


deformation mechanism
is to consult a deformation
map!
Creep Mechanisms

Stress
Ratio,
/G
Coble and Nabarro-Herring
Creep
Creep Data
Creep Data
Larson-Miller Parameter

Master curve for Larson-Miller


parameter for Astroloy.
Creep Fracture
Improving Creep Resistance
• Solid Solution Strengthening
• Precipitation Hardening
• Strain Hardening
• Grain Size Strengthening

Most Effective is Grain Size Coarsening!


Creep Design
Creep strength : stress at a given temperature
which produces a steady-state creep rate of a fixed
amount (rates in the range of 10-11 to 10-8 s-1 are
typical). Alternatively, it may be defined as the
stress to cause a creep strain of 1% at the given
temperature.

Rupture strength: refers to the stress at a given


temperature to produce a life to rupture of a
certain amount, usually, 1,000 , 10,0000 or
100,000 hrs.
Sample Problem
The following relation was obtained in creep tests at
815C on an austenitic high temperature alloy. Creep rate
is in s-1, B is in s-1, and stress is in MPa. (15 pts)

  2.75x1028 9.6

A tie rod 3 m long is made from this alloy. At 815C it is


subjected to an axial load of 36 kN. The yield stress at
815C is 410 MPa, and the stress for rupture in 1,000 hrs
is 140 MPa. Using a factor of safety of 3.0, establish the
necessary cross-sectional area in mm2 of the tie rod based
on the following considerations:
(a) yield stress at 815C;
(b) 1,000 hrs rupture life at 815C;
(c) an allowable creep rate of 1 percent per 10,000 hrs.

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