ADVENTIST MEDICAL CENTER COLLEGE

CHURCH HISTORY AND PROPHETIC GIFT

SYLLABUS, SECOND SEMESTER AY 2020-2021

Time: MW 10:30 -12:00 AM

Modality: Online

Course Facilitator: Roger T. Lopez, EdD-LM

Office: Student Affairs Office Admin Building AMC College
E-mail: [email protected]

Course Description

Tracing the history of the Adventist Church requires understanding the various events, themes,
dates and developmental stages in the history of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. This course
will introduce to you major events in the development of the Adventist church and the
establishment of the Adventist colleges all over the world. You will also have the opportunity to
understand the gift of prophecy.

COURSE OBJECTIVES

1. To acquaint students with major events, themes, and developmental stages in the history of the
Seventh-day Adventist church.

2. To examine the stages in the development of the Seventh-day Adventist Church organization,
doctrines, lifestyle, institutions, and mission.

3. To introduce students to primary source materials in Seventh-day Adventist history.

4. To cultivate an awareness of the role of God’s prophets in guiding His people in the last days.

5. To facilitate the integration of course content with the student's personal faith, belief system,
and life experience.

TEXTBOOK(S):

White, Ellen G. The Great Controversy. Oakland, CA: Pacific Press, 1911.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS

A. Reading of the textbook

1. Light Bearers. Certain chapters should be required to be read. The teacher should make his/her
own list according to the chosen material to be taught from the Outline of the course

2. A two to three double spaced pages written reflection on the reading which should include:

a) Summary of the chapters read.

b) A personal reaction on the read material.

3. Four major exams (Prelim, Midterm, Semi –final, and Final) based on the reading and lecture
material.

Module 1 (For Prelim)

Part Two:
COURSE OUTLINE

A Background of the History of the Christian Church

Timeline: Important Dates in A.D. Christian History

0 - 29 c.  Jesus
Defined:  The period of Jesus' human life on earth during which he fulfilled all Old Testament
prophecies regarding the promised Messiah. 
29 c. John the Baptist began his ministry in the "15th year of Tiberius" (Luke 3:1-2)
Jesus began his ministry after his baptism by John         
Last Supper, arrest of Jesus, his trial, and crucifixion on Good Friday
Resurrection of Jesus three days after crucifixion
30 c. - 100 Apostolic Age  
Defined:  Some of  Christ's original apostles were still alive and helping to spread the gospel. 
This period ended with the death of last apostle.
47-57 c. Missionary travels of Paul
67 Paul Martyred
70 The Romans under Titus destroy Jerusalem, after a long siege; 1.5 million Jews die.
Additional Resources:
First Persecutions written by John Foxe
100 - 590 Post Aposolic Age
190 Date of Easter determined
200-300 Appearance of Earliest Bible Translations
313-337 Constantine
325 Council of Nicaea - Called by the Roman Emperor Constantine, it was the first ecumenical
conference of bishops of the church.
399 The last showing of the ancient Olympic Games - After Emperor Theodosius the Great bans
it and there are no games again until 1896.
400 Vulgate                                   
431 - 451 Councils of Ephesus and Chalcedon         
590 - early 1300s The Medieval Church
625 Mohammad begins the Koran
1095 - 13th century The Crusades
A  series of several military campaigns. Originally, they were Roman Catholic endeavors to
capture the Holy Land from the Muslims, but some were directed against other Europeans.
1163 Notre Dame de Paris - beginning of construction
1215 King John of England and his nobles sign the Magna Carta.
Early 1300s - 1517 The Renaissance
1378-1410 The Great Schism - a time of division in the Roman Catholic Church due to
disagreements concerning papal succession. 
1382 John Wycliffe translates First English Bible John Wycliffe was an English theologian and
early proponent of reform in the Roman Catholic Church during the 14th century
1431 Joan of Arc Martyred - Inspired and directed by religious visions, Joan of Arc (Jeanne
d'Arc), organized the French resistance that forced the English to end their siege of Orléans
(1429).  Her claims of visions led to a trial for heresy which resulted in execution by burning at
the stake.
1450s Gutenberg Bible - first printed Bible
1453 The Christian kingdom of Constantinople finally falls to the Muslims.
1478 Spanish Inquisition established by Pope Sixtus IV  

1517 - 1648 The Reformation - European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and
practices of the Roman Catholic Church.
1517 Martin Luther's 95 Theses - a document written by Martin Luther that challenged the
teachings of the Catholic Church on penance, the authority of the pope, and indulgences. It
sparked a theological debate that fueled the Reformation. 
1525 Bible translated into English from Greek by William Tyndale
1530 Augsburg Confession - Primary confession of faith of the Lutheran Church and one of the
Reformation. It was presented by a number of German rulers and free-cities at the Diet of
Augsburg.
1536 John Calvin writes The Institutes of the Christian Religion.
1536 -1541 Michelangelo paints "The Last Judgment"
1560 Geneva Bible
1563 Foxe's Book of Martyrs first published
1582-1609 Douay-Rheims Bible
1611 King James Version
1648 - 1789 The Enlightenment
Defined:  When man began to look beyond superstition and began to use his reason to discover
the world.  The effort to discover the naturals which governed the universe led to scientific,
political and social advances. 
1633 Galileo is forced by the Catholic Church to renounce his teachings that the Earth revolves
around the sun.
1678 John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress published
1730s - 1740s The Great Awakening -- A religious movement among American colonial
Protestants. Key figures: Jonathan Edwards and George Whitfield.
1741 George Frideric Handel writes his most famous work, Messiah. 
1764 John Newton writes hymn "Amazing Grace"
1776 British colonies in America declare independence from England,
1780 The Sunday School movement is pioneered in England by Robert Raikes
1789 - 1799 The French Revolution
1789 -1970 The Modern Church

1794 London Missionary Society founded in England - a non-denominational missionary society

with missions in the islands of the South Pacific and Africa.
1800-1840s Second Great Awakening
    
1807 British Parliament votes to abolish the slave trade. 
1844 Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) founded in London, England by Sir George
Williams.

1837-1901 Victoria Queen of England

1854 Charles H. Spurgeon, only 19-years-old, called to the pastorate of London's famed New
Park Street Chapel.
1855 D.L. Moody Converted to Christianity
1859 Charles Darwin publishes Origin of Species
1861 - 1865 American Civil War
1863 - 1885 Fanny Crosby writes more than 8,000 hymns including "Blessed Assurance"
1865 - Rev. William Booth founded Open Christian Mission in East London (in 1878 its name is
changed to Salvation Army)
1880 First Northfield Conference led by D.L. Moody
1870/81 Revised Standard
1885 English Revised Version
1896 First Modern Olympics
1899 Gideons International founded - ministry dedicated to distributing copies of the Bible in
over 80 languages and more than 180 countries of the world to those who might not otherwise
encounter it.
1901 American Standard Version
1906 Azusa Street Revival - Revival that took place in Los Angeles, California and was led by
preacher William J. Seymour. It launched Pentecostalism as a world-wide movement. 
1909 Scofield Bible
1912 Titanic Sinks
1914 - 1918 World War I
1929 Great Depression begins in the U.S.
1933 - 1944 Rise of Nazism in Germany
1935 Oswald Chamber's book My Utmost for His Highest published post-mortem
1939 - 1945 World War II

I. The World of Adventism – Nineteenth Century American Background

Introduction: Adventism did not arise in a vacuum. It was a movement that appeared in the
Nineteenth Century in America and was influenced by that particular time and culture. That is
why it is imperative to look at the Nineteenth Century America (in broad, general terms) and
understand the world in which Adventism arose.

A. Nineteenth Century – was a time of diversity and change in the social, political, and religious
spheres of American life.

B. The changes brought both, positive and negative results:

1. Positive Impact:

a) Growth of human knowledge

b) Better understanding of the Universe
c) New inventions
d) Greater productivity / more goods for people
e) Faster traveling
 f) New ways of communication (telegraph) . . . etc.

2. Negative Impact:
a) Urbanization
b) Few people getting rich
c) New focus: (from God to money)

C. The religious tone of the day was influenced by the social and political factors and visa versa.

Example: New ways of traveling – affecting the spreading of the Advent message.

D. Let’s look at five general characteristics of the Religious environment of the Nineteenth
Century that would influence Millerism and Adventism:

1. New Interest in Biblical Prophecies – the new interest was prompted by two major events:

a) The French Revolution (1798) – most commentators saw it as fulfillment of Biblical

prophecies of Dan. 7 and Rev. 12, 13 (the fulfillment of the 1260 days).

b) Josiah Litch’s prediction of the fall of the Ottoman Empire, which was to happen on
Aug. 11, 1840. Certain events in Europe wakened the power of the Turks and they were
forced to make a settlement with Britain, France, Austria, and Russia. Litch saw this as
recognition of the Turks that their independent power was gone – thus fulfillment of
prophecy (SDABC, 7:794-795; Great Controversy, 334-335).

c) As a result people started to have renewed interest in Biblical prophecies.

2. Time of Religious Revival

a) The Second Great Awakening which flourished between 1820s-1840s.

Charles Finney (1792-1875), one of the most famous evangelist, had a great impact on
the religious awakening of people. After his dramatic conversion in 1821, he had
successful preaching campaigns in big cities such as Philadelphia, Boston, New York . . .
etc. He was also a social reformer aiming to transform society.

b) Growth among “free will” churches

The difference between the state and free will churches:

i. State churches – those are the traditional churches where people born into the church
(Examples: Catholics; Anglicans).
 ii. “Free will” churches – you join the church by your free will. In order to remain a
member he or she had to keep certain things to belong to the church (Examples:
Methodists; Baptists).

By 1800s - the Methodist Church became the biggest church in New England. Later,
most of the Millerite preachers would come from the Methodist denomination.

3. Time of Optimism

a) Optimism about America - America was to become the “paradise” of the earth. Many
regarded their new free nation as a nation that would play a part in the divine plan of
salvation at the end of time for the redemption of the whole world.

b) Creation of Reform Movements

i. Temperance movements – their aim was to improve health, education, lifestyle

of the masses.

ii. Anti-slavery movements - slavery seen as evil.

iii. New Educational Institutions.

iv. Missionary Societies – wanted to spread Christianity around the world.

v. Bible Societies – for translation of the Bible in different languages.

c) Puritanism (Anglo-American form of Calvinism) and its influence on religious

thinking.

i. Christianity was to transform culture.

ii. Religion connected to every day life.

iii. Sunday keeping became very important. It was honoring of the Lord’s day.

iv. Back to the Bible – people were encouraged to read and study their Bibles.

4. Dominance of the “Common Sense Philosophy.”

a) Common people could study the Bible and understand it, not just the Clergy.

b) Scientific approach of studying the Bible – you gather the evidences and discover the
truth. This led to the prove-text method of reading the Bible. William Miller used it in
his study concerning the Second Coming of Christ.

5. Renewed Interest in the Second Coming of Jesus and the Millennium

 a) Two views of the Millennium

i. Post-Millennialism (1000 years before Christ’s Second Coming).

This view emerged in the seventeenth century and was developed by Daniel
Whitby. According to this view the world was progressing toward 1000 years of
peace and happiness and at the end of this period Christ would return. This view
dominated Christian thinking especially in England and America.

ii. Pre-Millennialism (1000 years after Christ’s Second Coming)

The world was becoming worse not better. Christ’s coming was to put an end to
the present age. The French revolution revived the pre-millennial belief.
Millerism was a primary example of that trend.

II. Millerite Adventism through 1844: The Roots of the Seventh-day Adventist Church

As noted above the French Revolution revived the expectations of the soon coming of Christ.
Although the Advent Wakening would be world-wide, it made its major impact in North
America because of a Baptist believer, William Miller.

A. World-wide Second Advent Awakening - Some major figures who had made major
contributions to the Advent awareness:

1. Johann Bengel (a German pastor) – taught that:

a) The entire Bible was a progressive revelation of God’s plan for man’s
salvation.

b) 666 = 1260 days (time of beast supremacy) would end in 1836 (Christ Second
Coming).

c) Christ would reign with the believers 1000 years on earth.

2. Johann Petri (German-Calvinist pastor):

a) First made the connection between the 70 weeks (Dan. 9) and 2300 days (Dan. 8). The
70 weeks were part of the 2300 days. b) Calculated that the 2300 days would end in
1847.

3. Joseph Wolff (Son of a German-Jewish rabbi):

a) Became Catholic and later Anglican

b) Expected Christ to return in 1847

c) Traveled and preached about the Second Coming

4. Manuel de Lacunza (Josafat Ben-Ezra):

a) He was a Jesuit priest from Chile.

b) Believed that the Second Coming was the focal point of all history.

c) Believed that the Millennium would occur after the Second Coming.

d) Write a book, The Coming of the Messiah in Glory and Majesty (1812).

5. Edward Irving – the most prominent figure in the British Advent awakening:

a) He was influenced by Lacunza’s book (see above).

b) Became one of the most famous preacher in London preaching about the Second
Coming of Christ.

Despite all of the above facts, however, the Advent movement in Europe did not make large
impact as it did in North America. The Advent expectation in America would not have reach
such a large dimensions if it was not for a farmer by the name of William Miller.

B. William Miller (1782-1849)

1. Early Years

a) Born – on Feb. 15, 1782, in Low Hampton, NY.

b) Early evidence of intellectual ability

c) Married to Lucy Smith, June 29, 1803 – moved to Poultney, VT

d) Public service of Miller:

i. Was a Deputy Sheriff

ii. Served as a Justice of Peace

iii. Became a Captain and Lieutenant, in the US Army, during the War in 1812

2. Acceptance of Deism
 a) Miller, who was from a Christian home was not satisfied with Christianity and its
beliefs. He met some Deists in Poultney and accepted Deism.

b) Deism – a skeptical belief that rejects the miracles and the supernatural revelations of
the Bible and emphasizes reason.

3. Rejection of Deism

a) The War in 1812 - made him reevaluate the meaning and purpose of life.

b) Battle of Plattsburg – was one of the events that would turn Miller back to God and
Christianity. The small American army won against the numerous and much better
equipped British army. Miller was puzzled since this was not humanly possible. As he
wrote victory seemed “due to more than human power.” Gradually he became convicted
of his sinfulness and realized his need of a Savior.

4. Return to Christianity (re-conversion): 1816

a) This happened in his church while he was asked to read a sermon by Alexander
Proudfit, “Practical Godliness in Thirteen Discourses.” In the middle of the sermon he
was in tears and could not continue reading.

b) That is when he realized his need of Jesus and his need of a Savior.

5. Systematic Bible Study: 1816-1831

Miller immediately became a zealous Bible student. He wanted to prove that the Bible really
makes sense. He started reading and studying the Bible in a systematic way comparing
“Scripture with Scripture.” His systematic Bible Study is divided into three major periods:

a) First period: 1816-1818 i. Miller did verse by verse study of the Bible and try to
harmonize all apparent contradictions that he found.

♦ “I commenced with Genesis, and read verse by verse, proceeding no faster than
the meaning of the several passages should be so unfolded . . . Whenever I found
anything obscure, my practice was to compare it with all collateral passages; and
by the help of CRUDEN, I examined all the texts of Scripture in which were
found any obscure portion. . . . In this was I pursued the study of the Bible, in my
first perusal of it, for about two years, and was fully satisfied that it is its own
interpreter” (A&D, 6).

♦ He also studied the Bible time-prophecies, especially the book of Daniel and the
2,300 days prophecy. Using the year-day Biblical principle (Num 14:34 and Ezek.
4:5,6) Miller concluded that “in about twenty-five years the glory of the Lord
would be revealed, and all flesh see it together” (A&D, 12).
Thus Miller concluded quite early that Christ would come about 1843/ 1844.

b) Second Period: 1818-1823

i. For the next several years Miller re-examining his conclusions and continued to look at
objections:

♦ “Various difficulties and objections would arise in my mind, form time to time;
certain texts would occur to me, which seemed to weigh against my conclusions . . . . I
therefore continued to study of the Bible, to see if I could sustain any of these objections”
(A&D, 13).

ii. Gradually he would begin to share his convictions with neighbors, friends, ministers,
but few showed interest.

c) Third Period: 1823-1832

i. During this time Miller continued his study of prophecies in relation to the Second
Coming

ii. Became heavily convicted to “Go and tell the world of their danger” (A&D, 15).

iii. Made a solemn covenant with God that would open the way, he would go and share
his revelations.

♦ “If I should have an invitation to speak publicly in any place, I will go and tell
them what I find in the Bible about the Lord’s coming. Instantly all my burden
was gone; and I rejoiced that I should not probably be thus called upon; for I had
never had such an invitation.” Within half an hour, however, to Miller’s dismay,
there was a knock on his door and he was invited to speak to a Baptist
congregation in Dresden. No wonder, Miller was “angry” with himself for having
made such a covenant with God (A&D, 17-18).

♦ Miller began his public ministry in Aug. 1831 (A&D, 17-18). More invitations
and public lectures followed after his first public appointment.

6. Application: What can we learn from Miller?

a) Serious Bible student

b) Open to new Biblical truth

c) Humble

d) Repentant
 e) He had personal love for Christ

C. Other Major Millerite Leaders

Miller held meetings in churches of various denominations. By the end of 1830s Miller had won
several ministers to his views concerning the soon return of Christ. Here are some of the major
leaders of the Millerite movement.

1. Joshua V. Himes – the “engine” of Millerism:

a) Background

i. Influential pastor of the Chardon Street Chapel, Boston.

ii. Recognized leader of interchurch movement for social and personal reform in
order to bring the millennium.

iii. Himes met Miller in Exeter, New Hampshire, Nov. 1839 and invited him to
hold meeting in his church.

iv. Himes accepted Miller’s message and became the main organizer, publicist,
and promoter of Millerism.

v. Himes’ concern – to get the Advent message before the world, especially in the
big cities since there was only a short time before the return of Jesus.

“I then told him [Miller], that he might prepare for the campaign; for doors should
be opened in every city in the Union, and the warning should go to the ends of the
earth! Here I began to ‘help’ Father Miller” (Sylvester Bliss, Memoirs of William
Miller, 140-141).

For the next 4 year – Millerism became one of the greatest movements in American history.

b) Himes used several means to spread the warning of the Second Coming of Christ.

i. Printing work – this was perhaps the most important work that Himes did.

♦ Within three months after he invited Miller to his church he started

publishing a periodical – Signs of the Times. The first issue came on
Mar. 20, 1840. Initially it was a semi-monthly periodical. From 1842 it
became a weekly paper.
 ♦ In 1842 Himes started a second periodical – Midnight Cry. The first
issue came on Nov. 17, 1842. Initially the paper was to last only for few
weeks during an evangelistic campaign in New York. Himes wanted to
make people aware of the soon return of Christ. Every minister in New
York was to receive at least one copy. Because of the tremendous interest,
the paper continued to be issued after the planned time. It became a
weekly paper.

The result was that thousands, who had not heard the Advent message, heard and
accepted the Advent doctrine. Because of the success – it became a practice to start a
paper for few weeks at a given place – in connection with series of evangelistic meetings.

♦ Himes also published pamphlets, tracts, and books. He collected various

writings written by the Millerite leaders and published them into a volume or
volumes. Thus came the creation of the so-called “Second Advent Library.”
Believers were encouraged to purchase these writings and give them to friends or
neighbors.

By July 1841, the Adventist publishing program had grown to such an extent that it had to
employ Josiah Litch (a Methodist Minister) to be the “general agent” (manager) for the
Committee of Publication.

ii. Organizer of General Conferences

♦ In Oct. 1840 - Himes initiated the first General Conference of Christians

expecting the Advent in Boston (in Chardon Street Chapel, his own church).
Miller could not attend the conference because of illness, but a letter from him
was read to the believers. Purpose of the Conference:

♦ the minister to study carefully the subject of the Advent

♦ to determine how the last warning message might be proclaimed speedily

♦ Reports were given – for the rapid progress of the message in various places

♦ Jun. 1841 - a second General Conference was held at Lowell, Massachusetts

Major decision taken included:

♦ Formation of a “Publishing committee” (because of the growing publishing

program of the Millerites).
 ♦ The leaders gave some recommendations for the conduct of the Advent
believers: • Had to remain in their own churches. • Had to converse with others
concerning the subject of the Advent .

♦ To be personally consecrated • The believers were to question their pastors

about the Second Advents. (Ask them to explain certain texts of the Bible).

♦ At least 15 conferences were held before 1844. There were many local
conferences were held as well.

iii. Organizer of Adventist Camp Meetings

♦ May, 1842 – a decision was made at the Boston conference for holding an
Adventist Camp Meeting. Money was raised and a “Great tent” was purchased. It
could seat approximately 4,000 people (apparently the Millerite tent was the
largest of its kind in the United States up through that time). The big tend
attracted the attention of many people.

♦ From 1842 to the autumn of 1844 – more than 130 camp meetings were held.

iv. Worldwide Outreach – Himes had a concern for spreading the message of the Second
Coming worldwide (not just in North America).

♦ The Millerite method of worldwide evangelism was not to send missionaries but
to place their publications on ships sailing to the various parts of the world.

♦ “Most of these works [the Millerite publications] have been sent to all the
Missionary stations that we know of on the globe. They have been sent also to
many parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, as also to the Islands of the Ocean” (ST, Aug.
3, 1842).

Thus Himes’ impact for the Millerite movement was tremendous. Through his initiative and
leadership, the Millerite message made a significant impact in North America and was heard in
other parts of the world.

2. Josiah Litch (a Methodist Minister) – the first converted minister to Millerism.

a) Became the fist minister to accept Millerite message of the Second Coming of Christ.
He immediately began to write about the Second Advent.

b) His most famous work: The Probability of the Second Coming About A.D. 1843
(Written in 1838). Based on Rev. 9, Litch came to the conclusion that the Ottoman
Empire will end sometime in Aug. 1840. His interpretation together with Miller’s
 prophesy of the 2300 days, created wide interest among the public concerning the end of
the world.

c) Litch also was chosen to be the general manager of the publishing committee of the
Millerites.

d) He visited Fitch, to encourage him not to give up the Millerite message. (Fitch was
discouraged in the beginning, because of the continued opposition of other ministers to
the Second Coming message).

3. Charles Fitch (Congregational Minister) and the “Fall of Babylon.”

a) Most known for his sermon: “Come Out of Her, My People” (preached in the summer
of 1843). Fitch’s sermon was an appeal to the Millerite believers to leave their protestant
denominations. For Fitch all churches had become “Babylon” because of their opposition
to the Millerite message of the Second Coming.

b) Background of the sermon:

i. The Millerite preaching of the soon return of Christ about the year 1843,
directly contradicted the general accepted Protestant teaching that Christ would
come after the millennium.

ii. While most churches of the different denominations opened their doors for the
Millerite preachers during the beginning of the 1840s, things began to change
toward the end of 1843.

iii. Those believers who had accepted the Advent message were asked to choose
between their Advent belief and their denomination. Those who chose to retain
their faith in the “Advent,” found themselves disfellowshipped by their
congregations.

It is in this context that Fitch preached his sermon based on Rev. 18.

c) The Content of the sermon:

i. Divided into four parts:

♦ Part I: What is Babylon?

♦ Part II: What is the Fall of Babylon?

♦ Part III: What is it for God’s People to Come Out of Babylon?

♦ Part IV: What will be the Consequences of Refusing to Do It?

 ii. Fitch identified Babylon with the Antichrist. For him the Antichrist (or
Babylon) was anyone who “opposed to the PERSONAL REIGN of Jesus Christ
over this world” (Come Out of Her My People, 9).

iii. The Millerites, like most Protestants at that time, had generally identified
Babylon of Revelation 18 as the Papacy.

iv. Fitch brought a new element of interpretation. His definition of Antichrist

included not only the Catholics, but also all Protestant churches who rejected the
teacher of the soon coming of Christ on earth.

“Is the Catholic Church, only, opposed to the personal reign of Christ? What shall
we say of Protestant Christendom in this respect? Among all the sects into which
the Protestant church is divided, where is on that is not decidedly hostile to the
Bible truth that Christ has been raised up to sit personally on David’s throne? . . .
Again, all these pretended Christian sects are particularly opposed to the idea that
Christ is coming speedily in person, to take the dominion of the world . . . . In
these particulars, therefore, the professed Christian world, Catholic and Protestant
are Antichrist” (Ibid., 10, 15).

Thus Fitch provided a theological justification/rational for separation of the Millerites into a
distinct body of believers before the close of probation.

d) Fitch’s Appeal to the Millerites – to leave their churches which had become Babylon.

i. “But I do say, if you are a Christian, come out of Babylon! If you intend to be
found a Christian when Christ appears, come out of Babylon and come out NOW”
(Ibid., 19).

e) The Reaction of the Millerite Leaders towards Fitch’s call:

i. Initial Reluctance to follow Fitch’s call

♦ Most Millerite leaders, particularly Miller and Himes, were reluctant to

accept Fitch’s call for separation.

♦ Example: Miller never agreed with the idea of separation even though he
was expelled from his Low Hamption Baptist Church. In fact, he had
never wanted to create a separate body of believers (denomination).

ii. Later separation was not a choice, but something that was forced by the events
that followed.

♦ Increasing opposition of the various denominations toward Millerite

teaching of the soon Second Coming.
 ♦ Advent believers were disfellowshiped against their wishes.

iii. This conflict increased more and more towards the end of 1844 (with the
approaching of the end of the world).

Until the beginning of 1844, the Millerite movement was an interchurch movement. In
fact, Miller never wanted to create a separate denomination.

f) Notice: A Shift in the Millerite Development (which came as a result of Fitch’s

sermon)

i. Millerism initially was an interchurch movement

♦ In 1841 there were created the so called “Adventist Associations.” They

were composed of believers within the Protestant denominations who
continued to attend the regular worship services in their churches but
believed in the Soon Second Coming of Christ.

♦ To belong to an “Adventist Association” a believer had to: • believe in

the imminent return of Christ • have a desire to learn about the Second
Coming

• each member was encourage to give monthly sum

ii. 1843 - Fitch’s call: Millerites to leave their churches which had become
Babylon

♦ The Advent believers started progressively to view themselves as a

separate body of believers.

iii. By 1844 – Millerites disfellowshipped from their churches / forced to leave

their churches

Gradually the Adventist Believers – started to view themselves as a separate body of believers.

g) Fitch – died eight days before the Great Disappointment believing that in a few days
he will be resurrected.

4. Other Millerite Leaders

a) Joseph Bates
 i. 1839 – his first contact with Millerism was when he heard a Millerite lecturer
preaching about the Second Coming.

ii. He accepted the Advent message and started to work for its cause.

b) James White

i. Left his job and became an enthusiastic evangelist spreading the Millerite
message.

c) William E. Foy

i. Had similar prophetic experiences like Ellen G. White

ii. Most Adventist historians today consider him as the pre-disappointment

prophet. (We will look at Foy later). iii. His first vision was in Jan. 1842

D. The Great Disappointment

1. The First Disappointment (1843-1844)

a) Miller NEVER set a date for the coming of Christ

“I had never been positive as to any particular day for the Lord’s appearing, believing
that no man could know the day and hour. In all my published lectures, it will be seen on
the title page, “about the year 1843. In all my oral lectures, I invariably told my audiences
that the periods would terminate in 1843, if there were no mistake in my calculation; but
that I could not say the end might not come even before that time, and they should be
continually prepared” (A&D, 24)

b) Miller sets a time period but not a particular date

i. In December, 1842, forced by his friends, Miller wrote that “if there were no
mistake” in his calculation, Christ would come “sometime between March 21st,
1843 and March 21, 1844” (Ibid., emphasis supplied). ii. Miller noted that
“some had their minds fixed on particular days; but I could see no evidence for
such.” Miller acknowledged that the end could happen outside of his time period
and therefore appealed to the believers to be ready for Christ’s return at any time
(Ibid.).

c) The Passing of Time: The First Disappointment

i. Miller’s “year of the end” passed without the return of Christ

ii. The Millerites – experienced their first disappointment

 iii. In a letter to Himes on March 25, 1844, Miller wrote:

“My Dear Brother Himes – I am now seated at my old desk in my east room.
Having obtained help of God until the present time, I am still looking for the dear
Saviour, the Son of God from heaven, and for the fulfillment of the promise made
to our fathers . . . . The time, as I have calculated it, is now filled up; and I expect
every moment to see the Saviour descend from heaven. I have now nothing to
look for but the glorious hope” (MC, Apr. 18, 1844)

iv. Himes’ Defense before the public

♦ On April 24, 1844 Himes published an editorial, “OUR POSITION,” in

the Advent Herald periodical. He tried to explain the delay Biblically. He
based his argumentation on:

• Hab. 2:3 “though it tarry, wait for it, because it will surely come.”
• Matt. 25:5 – the delay of the Bridegroom

♦ Himes encouraged the believers to hold on to their faith (AH, Apr. 24,
1844, 92-93).

The Millerite movement entered the so called “Tarrying time” (the time of waiting for the
Savior).

v. Despite the Disappointment, The Millerite movement did not disintegrate

Reasons:

♦ There was not a specific time set

♦ Application of a Biblical prophecy explaining the delay – (Hab. 2:3; and

Matt. 25:5).

2. The Seventh Month Movement / The True Midnight Cry

a) There was a new hope for the Millerites at the Exeter, New Hampshire, Camp Meeting
– Aug. 1844.

i. The Story

♦ On the 3d day of the camp meeting when Bates was preaching, a woman
interrupted him saying that someone had a new light and wanted to share
it with the believers. Bates then, gave the pulpit to Samuel S. Snow. Show
presented the new light – that became known as – “The Seventh month
movement” or “The True Midnight Cry.”
 ♦ Snow showed through an extensive study of the Jewish festivals,
comparing types and antitypes, that the fulfillment of 2300-day prophecy
of Daniel 8:14 would take place in the autumn of 1844 (not in the spring,
as Miller had thought). The cleansing of the sanctuary would meet its
completion on the Jewish Day of Atonement – the 10th day of the 7th
Month of the Jewish year (See: Lev. 23:27).

♦ Snow, claimed to have calculated the exact day: OCT. 22, 1844.

Spring Festivals First Coming of Christ

(Antitypes)
Passover Cross

First Fruits Resurrection

Pentecost “day of Pentecost”
Autumn Second Coming
(Types) (Antitypes)
Blowing of Trumpets Three Angel’s Messages

Day of Atonement Cleansing of the Sanctuary = the Earth

(Investigative Judgment)
Tabernacles
Heaven

(For calculation of the date see: C. M. Maxwell, Magnificent Disappointment, 47-57. Chart
from p. 50.)

b) The Reaction to Show’s message

i. New Enthusiasm among Millerites

♦ People in general accepted Snows conclusions and were electrified

again. They were ready to go and spread the urgent message that Christ
was almost at the door.

♦ Example of this excitement: George Storrs in the Midnight Cry, Oct. 3,

1844

“I take up my pen with feelings such as I never before experienced.

Beyond a doubt, in my mind, the tenth day of the seventh month, will
witness the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ in the clouds of heaven.
We are then within a few days of that event. Awful moment to those who
 are unprepared – but glorious to those who are ready. I feel that I am
making the last appeal that I shall ever make through the press” (97).

ii. Initially Miller, Himes and some other leaders were reluctant towards the
“fixed date” of Snow. Seeing the excitement among the believers, however,
Himes and Miller eventually accepted the Oct. 22 date.

♦ On Oct. 6, 1844 Miller wrote to Himes:

“Dear Bro. Himes: I see a glory in the seventh month which never saw
before. Thank the Lord, O my Soul. Let Brother Snow, Brother Storrs and
others, be blessed for their instrumentality in opening my eyes. I am
almost home. Glory! Glory!! Glory!!! . . . My brother, I thank God for this
light. My soul is so full I cannot write. . . . My doubts, and fears, and
darkness are all gone. I see that we are yet right. God’s word is true; and
my soul is full of joy; my heart is full of gratitude to God. Oh, how I wish
I could shout. But I will shout when the “King of Kings comes” (MC, Oct.
12, 1844, 121)

c) Application for Today:

i. Have we lost the excitement of the Second Coming?

ii. The fact is that TODAY we are much nearer to Christ coming than the
Millerites were.